Mukati
Howa hwechando ndeimwe yeaya howa anogona kurimwa zvese kumba uye munzvimbo dzakashama. Imwe yematambudziko makuru ari mukubereka mycelium, asi kana iwe uchiziva tekinoroji iyi, ipapo kuwedzera kukura kweiyo mycelium hakuzove kwakaoma. Ramba uchifunga kuti pakuberekesa howa dzechando kumba, iwe uchafanirwa kuvapa sill yehwindo kudivi rekuchamhembe, sezvo howa idzi dzisingafarire kuwanda kwezuva.
Chando huchi agaric ihowa hweagaric hunodyiwa hwemhuri yemutsara kubva kurudzi rweFlammulin. Kazhinji kazhinji inogona kuwanikwa pawillows, aspens uye poplars, pamasango emasango, pamahombekombe ehova, mumapindu nemapaki.
Iyo fungus yakapararira munzvimbo yekuchamhembe inodziya. Inokura munyika dzeWestern neEastern Europe, Nyika Yedu, Japan. Inowanikwa munaSeptember-November. Munharaunda dzekumaodzanyemba, inogonawo kuonekwa muna December. Dzimwe nguva inowanikwawo mushure mekudonha kwechando, iyo yakawana zita rayo.
Nzira yekusiyanisa howa dzechando kubva kune dzimwe howa
Uhu howa i saprotroph, inokura pamiti yakakuvara uye isina simba inodonha kana pazvigutsa uye hunde dzakafa, uye ine hutano hwepamusoro.
Pane huwandu hwezviratidzo zvekusiyanisa howa dzechando kubva kune dzimwe howa. Chivharo chemhando iyi inokura kusvika 2-5 cm muhupamhi, kashoma - kusvika 10 cm. Iyo yakatsetseka uye yakaoma, kirimu kana yero muvara, inonamira, mucous. Pakati pakasviba kupfuura kumacheto. Dzimwe nguva inova brownish pakati. Mahwendefa ane yellow-brown kana chena, spore powder yakachena. Gumbo rakakora, elastic, 5-8 cm kureba, 0,5-0,8 cm gobvu. Muchikamu chepamusoro chine chiedza uye chero, uye pasi pacho pane tsvuku kana dema-brown. Howa uhu hunosiyana nedzimwe mhando dzehowa. Nheyo yehunde ine mvere-velvety. Kuravira kunopfava, kunhuwa hakuna simba.
Ngowani chete ndiyo inoshandiswa pakudya. Mishonga uye soups zvakagadzirirwa kubva muhowa yechando.
Iyi mifananidzo inoratidza zvakajeka tsananguro yechando howa:
Kubereka kwakakodzera kwe mycelium yechando howa
Sezvo yechando uchi agaric inogona parasitize miti mhenyu, inorimwa mumba chete. Kune nzira mbiri: dzakakura uye dzakasimba. Munzira yekutanga, howa dzinokura pahuni. Neyo nzira yakanyanyisa, howa hunokura pane substrate inoiswa muhari uye inoiswa pahwindo.
Se substrate, tsvina yezuva, keke, buckwheat husks, bran, yakapedzwa zviyo, zviyo zvegorosi zvinoshandiswa.
Nokuda kwekubereka kwakarurama kwe mycelium yehowa yechando, musanganiswa unofanirwa kugadzirirwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvichienderana neunhu hwemazadza. Kana iyo substrate ichange iine sawdust ne bran, saka inofanira kusanganiswa muchiyero che3: 1. Sawdust ine zviyo zve brewer inosanganiswa muchiyero che5: 1. Nenzira imwecheteyo, iwe unoda kusanganisa husks sunflower uye buckwheat husks nezviyo. Mashanga, mashanga ezuva, mashizha evhu, buckwheat husks anogona kuwedzerwa kune sawdust sehwaro hwe substrate muchiyero che1: 1. Pamusoro pemisanganiswa iyi yose, zvibereko zvakakwirira zvinowanikwa. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti pane imwe sawdust, mycelium inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye chibereko chakaderera zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, mashanga, chibage chegorosi, mashizha ezuva anogona kushandiswa seyo substrate huru pasina kuwedzera kwe sawdust. Iwe zvakare unofanirwa kuisa 1% gypsum uye 1% superphosphate. Humidity yemusanganiswa ndeye 60-70%. Zvese zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kunge zvisina mold uye kuora.
Mukusarudzwa kwemidziyo, kupisa kupisa kwe substrate, kune nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana. Mumwe nemumwe anonhonga howa anozvisarudzira zvake, zvakanakira nyaya yake.
Chero musanganiswa unofanirwa kunyorova uye wosiiwa kwemaawa 12-24. Ipapo iyo substrate inonatswa. Sei ichiiswa mukupisa kurapwa? Iyo yakanyorova substrate yakanyatsoiswa mumidziyo kana masaga uye yakaiswa mumvura. Uya kumota uye ubike kwemaawa maviri. Mukurima kwemaindasitiri kweiyo fungus, iyo substrate yakanyatso sterilized mukumanikidza autoclaves. Pamba, iyi nzira inofanana nemuriwo wekubika wemba uye michero. Sterilization inofanira kudzokororwa zuva rinotevera.
Iwe unogona zvakare kuisa iyo substrate mumabhokisi madiki. Asi zviri nani kuibvisa musati marongedza mumudziyo. Iyo substrate inofanira kunge yakanyatsobatanidzwa kana yakaiswa mumudziyo
Kudyara mycelium yechando howa
Usati wakura howa yechando uchishandisa nzira yakanyanyisa, iyo substrate yekudyara mushure mekupisa kurapwa kunofanirwa kutonhorera kusvika 24-25 ° C. Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kuunza mhunga mycelium, iyo simbi kana danda remuti pakati pechirongo kana. bhegi rinoita gomba kudzika kwese kwe substrate. Mushure meizvozvo, mycelium inokura nekukurumidza uye inoshandisa iyo substrate mukati mekukora kwayo. Mycelium inofanira kuiswa mugomba muchiyero che5-7% yehuremu hwe substrate. Zvadaro isa zvirongo munzvimbo inodziya.
Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha ye mycelium i24-25 °C. Chinhonga chehowa chinokura mukati memazuva gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri. Izvo zvinoenderana ne substrate, simba uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvehowa. Panguva ino, zvirongo zvine substrate zvinogona kuchengetwa munzvimbo inodziya uye ine rima, hazvidi chiedza. Asi iyo substrate haifaniri kuoma. Nechinangwa ichi, yakafukidzwa nemvura inochengetedza uye inofema zvinhu - burlap kana pepa gobvu. Mushure mokunge substrate yose yakanyanyisa ne mycelium, zvirongo nazvo zvinotamirwa kune chiedza munzvimbo inotonhorera ine kutonhora kwe 15-20 ° C. Ndeipi yakanakisisa sill yewindo kumativi ekuchamhembe. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, zuva rakananga harifaniri kuwira pavari. Bvisa pepa kana burlap. Mitsipa yemakani yakaputirwa nekadhibhodhi, uye nguva nenguva inonyoroveswa nemvura kuti idzivirire substrate kubva pakuoma.
Iyo rudiments yemitumbi inobereka michero inoonekwa mazuva 10-15 mushure mekunge midziyo yaiswa pachena uye 25-35 mazuva mushure mekudyara mycelium. Vanoita semasumbu emakumbo matete ane maduku maduku. Goho rinogona kukohwewa mazuva gumi mushure mazvo. Masumbu ehowa anogurwa, uye masara avo anonyatso kubviswa kubva kune mycelium. Zvadaro substrate inonyoroveswa nekuisasa nemvura. Mushure memasvondo maviri, munokwanisa kukohwa goho rinotevera. Kwenguva yose yekukura, kusvika ku 10 kg yehowa inogona kuwanikwa kubva kune imwe matatu-lita chirongo.