Tsanangudzo yeminda yekuona

Kubudirira kwemunhu zvakananga kunoenderana nekuti anokurumidza sei kuzvitungamira muchadenga nenguva. Chinokosha kune izvi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, maonero ekuona. Kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi uye kukurumidza kukurumidza kwehupenyu hwemazuva ano kunogona kukonzera kusaona zvakanaka pazera diki. Izvi zvinochengetedzwa neWorld ophthalmology. Kudzivirirwa diagnostics kunosanganisira yakakura siyana maitiro ayo anotendera iwe kutarisa hutano hwemaziso.

Imwe yemaitiro aya ndeye perimetry - kudzidza kwemiganhu yenzvimbo yekuona (peripheral vision), zviratidzo zvinobatsira ophthalmologists kuongorora zvirwere zvemaziso, kunyanya, glaucoma kana optic nerve atrophy. Kuyera zviyero zvinodiwa, vanachiremba vane michina yemazuva ano yekuongorora mune arsenal yavo, iyo yekuongorora iyo isingarwadzi uye isingabatanidzi nepamusoro pemeso, iyo inoderedza njodzi yekuzvimba.

Kana pane chero matambudziko, zvinokurudzirwa kuonana nachiremba pasina kunonoka, uye zvakare kuti usaregeredza kuongororwa kwegore negore kwekudzivirira.

Pfungwa yemiganhu yendima yekuona

Kuona kweparutivi kunopa munhu kukwanisa kuona uye kuziva huwandu hwezvinhu zvakamupoteredza. Kuongorora hutano hwayo, ophthalmologists vanoshandisa nzira yekuongorora miganhu yenzvimbo yekuona, iyo inonzi perimetry. Miganhu yeminda yekuona mumishonga inoreva nzvimbo inooneka iyo ziso rakagadzika rinogona kuziva. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyi ndiyo mhedziso inowanikwa kana kutarisa kwemurwere kwakaiswa pane imwe pfungwa.

Hunhu hwekugona kwekuona kwakadaro hunoenderana zvakananga nehuwandu hwemapoinzi aripo munzvimbo, ayo akafukidzwa neziso munzvimbo yakamira. Kuvapo kwekumwe kutsauka muchiratidzo chakawanikwa panguva yeperimetry kunopa chiremba chikonzero chekufungidzira chimwe chirwere cheziso.

Kunyanya, tsananguro yemiganhu yendima yekuona inodiwa kuti uzive kuti retina kana optic nerve iri munzvimbo ipi. Zvakare, maitiro akadaro akakosha pakuziva pathologies uye kuongorora zvirwere zvemaziso, senge glaucoma, uye. kurondedzera kurapa kunoshanda.

Zviratidzo zvemaitiro

Muchiito chekurapa, pane huwandu hwezviratidzo izvo zvakakosha kuti unyore perimetry. Saka, semuenzaniso, kukanganisa kwenzvimbo yekuona kunogona kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zvinotevera:

1. Retinal dystrophy, kunyanya kusununguka kwayo.
2. Hemorrhages mu retina.
3. Oncological formations pane retina.
4. Optic nerve kukuvara.
5. Kutsva kana kukuvara kwemaziso.
6. Kuvapo kwezvimwe zvirwere zve ophthalmic.

Kunyanya, perimetry inoita kuti zvikwanise kuongorora glaucoma nekuzotevera kuongororwa uye kujekeswa kwechirwere ichi, kana kumisikidza zvirwere zvine chekuita nekukuvadzwa kwemacula.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ruzivo nezve perimetry data inodiwa paunenge uchinyorera basa. Nerubatsiro rwayo, kuvapo kwekuwedzera kuterera mumushandi kunotariswa. Mukuwedzera, uchishandisa nzira iyi yekutsvakurudza, zvinokwanisika kuongorora kukuvara kwecraniocerebral, kusingaperi kweBP, pamwe chete nekurohwa, chirwere chemwoyo uye neuritis.

Pakupedzisira, kutsunga kwemunda wekuona kunobatsira kuziva maitiro ekufananidza muvarwere.

Contraindications kune perimetry

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kushandiswa kweperimetric diagnostics kunopesana. Kunyanya, nzira iyi haishandiswe munyaya yehukasha hutsika hwevarwere kana kuvapo kwechirwere chepfungwa. Migumisiro yacho inokanganisa kwete chete nevarwere vari mumamiriro ekudhakwa kana kudhakwa kwezvinodhaka, asiwo nekushandisa kunyange zvishoma zvishoma zvezvinwiwa zvinodhaka. Contraindications pakutsunga kweperipheral kuona acuity zvakare kunonoka kwepfungwa kwevarwere, izvo zvisingabvumiri kutevera mirairo yechiremba.

Kana kuongororwa kwakadaro kuchidikanwa mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, vanachiremba vanokurudzira kushandisa dzimwe nzira dzekuongorora.

Nzira dzekuongorora

Kune perimetry mu ophthalmic maitiro, marudzi akati wandei emidziyo anoshandiswa, ayo anonzi perimeter. Nekubatsira kwavo, vanachiremba vanocherechedza miganhu yemunda wekuona vachishandisa nzira dzakanyatsogadzirwa.

Kutevera ndiwo marudzi makuru emaitiro. Zvose zvavo hazvirwadzi uye hazvipindi, uye hazvidi chero kugadzirira kwekutanga kubva kumurwere.

Kinetic perimetry

Iyi ndiyo nzira inokubvumira kuti uongorore kutsamira kwemunda wekuona pakukura uye kuzara kwemavara echinhu chiri kufamba. Muedzo uyu unoreva kuvapo kunosungirwa kwechiedza chakajeka chinokurudzira muchinhu chinofamba nenzira dzakafanotemerwa. Munguva yekuongorora, pfungwa dzakagadziriswa dzinokonzera kumwe kuita kwemaziso. Ivo vanopinzwa muchimiro cheperimetric research. Kubatana kwavo pamagumo echiitiko kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuziva nzira yemiganhu yendima yekuona. Paunenge uchiitisa kinetic perimetry, mazuva ano mapurojekiti ekutenderera ane yakakwirira kuyerwa kwechiyero anoshandiswa. Nerubatsiro rwavo, kuongororwa kwehuwandu hweophthalmic pathologies inoitwa. Kuwedzera kune ophthalmic abnormalities, iyi nzira yekutsvaga inoita kuti zvikwanise kuona mamwe ma pathologies mubasa repakati tsinga system.

Static perimetry

Mukati me static perimetry, chimwe chinhu chisingazununguki chinocherechedzwa nekugadzirisa kwayo muzvikamu zvezvikamu zvendima yekuona. Iyi nzira yekuongorora inokubvumira kuti uise kunzwisiswa kwechiratidzo chekuchinja mukusimba kwechiratidziro chemufananidzo, uye inokodzerawo kuongorora zvidzidzo. Mukuwedzera, inogona kushandiswa kuona kuchinja kwekutanga mu retina. Sechishandiso chikuru, otomatiki komputa perimeter inoshandiswa, iyo inoita kuti zvikwanise kudzidza iyo yese ndima yekuona kana zvikamu zvayo zvega. Nekubatsirwa kwemidziyo yakadaro, chikumbaridzo kana suprathreshold perimetric study inoitwa. Yokutanga yazvo inoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana kuongororwa kwehutano hwekunzwa kwe retina kuchiedza, uye yechipiri inobvumira kugadzirisa kuchinja kwehutano mundima yekuona. Izvi zviratidzo zvine chinangwa chekuongorora huwandu hwezvirwere zvemaziso.

Campimetry

Campimetry inoreva kuongororwa kwenzvimbo yepakati yekuona. Chidzidzo ichi chinoitwa nekuisa maziso pazvinhu zvichena zvinofamba pa-black matte screen - campimeter - kubva pakati kuenda kuperiphery. Chiremba anotara pfungwa apo zvinhu zvinodonha kwenguva pfupi kubva munharaunda yekuona yemurwere.

Amsper bvunzo

Imwe nzira iri nyore yekuongorora iyo yepakati yekuona munda ndeye Amsper bvunzo. Iyo inozivikanwawo seMacular Retinal Degeneration Test. Munguva yekuongororwa, chiremba anodzidza maitiro emaziso apo kutarisa kunogadziriswa pane chinhu chakaiswa pakati pegridi. Kazhinji, mitsara yese yelatiti inofanirwa kuoneka kumurwere seyakakwana, uye makona akaumbwa nekusangana kwemitsara anofanirwa kuve akatwasuka. Muchiitiko apo murwere anoona chifananidzo chakakanganiswa, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakombama kana kuti dzakasvibiswa, izvi zvinoratidza kuvapo kwechirwere.

Donders bvunzo

Iyo Donders bvunzo inobvumidza iwe kuti unyatso nyore, pasina kushandisa chero mudziyo, tarisa miganhu yendima yekuona. Kana ichinge yaitwa, kutarisisa kunotariswa pane chinhu, icho ivo vanotanga kufamba kubva kunharaunda kuenda pakati pemeridian. Muchiitiko ichi, pamwe chete nemurwere, ophthalmologist inobatanidzwawo, iyo iyo munda wekuona unoonekwa seyakajairika.

Kuve kure nemamita kubva kune mumwe, chiremba nemurwere vanofanira panguva imwe chete kutarisa pane chimwe chinhu, chero maziso avo ari pamwero wakafanana. Ophthalmologist anovhara ziso rake rorudyi nechanza cheruoko rwake rworudyi, uye murwere anovhara ziso rake rekuruboshwe nechanza cheruoko rwake rworuboshwe. Zvadaro, chiremba anounza ruoko rwake rworuboshwe kubva kudivi renguva (kupfuura mutsara wekuona) hafu yemamita kubva kumurwere, uye anotanga, achifambisa zvigunwe zvake, kufambisa brashe kusvika pakati. Nguva dzinonyorwa apo ziso renyaya rinobata kutanga kwekuonekwa kwemakona echinhu chinofamba (maoko echiremba) uye kuguma kwayo. Ivo vanosarudza kumisikidza miganhu yemunda wekuona kune ziso rekurudyi remurwere.

Imwe teknolojia yakafanana inoshandiswa kugadzirisa miganhu yekunze yemunda wekuona mune mamwe meridians. Panguva imwecheteyo, yekutsvakurudza mune yakadzika meridian, bhurashi ye ophthalmologist inowanikwa vertically, uye mu vertical - yakatwasuka. Saizvozvowo, mumufananidzo wegirazi chete, zviratidzo zvemukati zveziso reziso remurwere zvinoongororwa. Muzviitiko zvose izvi, munda wekuona we ophthalmologist unotorwa seyero. Muedzo unobatsira kuona kuti miganhu yenzvimbo yekuona yemurwere yakajairwa here kana kuti kutetepa kwacho kwakaperera kana kuumbwa kwechikamu. Inoshandiswa chete mumamiriro ezvinhu apo hazvibviri kuita chimbo chekuongorora.

Computer perimetry

Kururama kukuru mukuongorora kunopihwa nekombuta perimetry, iyo yakakosha komputa perimeter inoshandiswa. Iyi yemazuva ano-yepamusoro-yepamusoro-yekuita diagnostic inoshandisa zvirongwa kuita ongororo (chikumbaridzo) chidzidzo. Yepakati paramita yehuwandu hwebvunzo inoramba iri muchiyeuchidzo chechishandiso, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuita static ongororo yezvese zvakatevedzana.

Kuongororwa kwekombuta kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana huwandu hwakawanda hwe data pane mamiriro ekuona kwevarwere nekunyanya kurongeka. Zvisinei, haimiriri chero chinhu chakaoma uye chinotaridzika seizvi.

1. Murwere anoiswa pamberi pekombuta perimeter.
2. Nyanzvi inokoka munhu wacho kuti atarise maziso ake pachinhu chinoratidzwa pakombiyuta.
3. Maziso emurwere anogona kuona mavanga akati wandei achifamba zvisina tsarukano pamonitor.
4. Atarisa chinhu chacho, murwere anobaya bhatani.
5. Dhata pamusoro pemigumisiro yecheki inopindirwa mune fomu yakakosha.
6. Pakupera kwekuita, chiremba anodhinda fomu uye, mushure mekuongorora zvigumisiro zvekudzidza, anowana pfungwa pamusoro pemamiriro ekuona kwechidzidzo.

Mukufamba kwemaitiro maererano nechirongwa ichi, shanduko yekukurumidza, kutungamira kwekufamba uye mavara ezvinhu zvinoratidzwa pamonitor inopiwa. Nekuda kwekusakuvadza zvachose uye kusarwadziswa, maitiro akadaro anogona kudzokororwa kakawanda kusvika nyanzvi yagutsikana kuti chinangwa chemhedzisiro yeongororo yekuona kwekuona inowanikwa. Mushure mekuongororwa, hapana kugadziriswa kunodiwa.

Tsananguro yezvabuda

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, iyo data yakawanikwa panguva yekuongorora kweperimetric inoenderana nekududzirwa. Mushure mekudzidza zviratidzo zvekuongorora zvakapinda pafomu yakakosha, chiremba wemaziso anoaenzanisa neyakajairwa zviratidzo zvehuwandu hwehuwandu uye anoongorora mamiriro ekuona kwemurwere.

Izvi zvinotevera zvinhu zvinogona kuratidza kuvepo kwechero pathologies.

1. Mhosva dzekuona kurasikirwa kwemaitiro ekuona kubva kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemunda wekuona. Mhedziso pamusoro peiyo pathology inoitwa kana huwandu hwekutyorwa kwakadaro hunopfuura humwe hutsika.
2. Kuonekwa kwe scotoma - mavara anodzivirira kuona kuzere kwezvinhu - kunogona kuratidza zvirwere zveoptic nerve kana retina, kusanganisira glaucoma.
3. Chikonzero chekuderera kwekuona (spectral, centric, bilateral) inogona kunge iri shanduko yakakomba mukuona kwemaziso.

Paunenge uchiongororwa nekombuta, zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro yekuongororwa uye kukonzera kutsauka kubva kunormative parameters yeperimetry. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvose zviri zviviri zvechimiro chechimiro chechimiro (yakadzikisirwa tsiye uye eyelid repamusoro, zambuko rakakwirira remhino, yakadzika-yakaiswa eyeballs), pamwe nekuderera zvakanyanya kuona, kutsamwa kana kuzvimba kwetsinga dzeropa pedyo neoptic nerve, zvakare. seyakashata-yemhando yekugadzirisa kwekuona uye kunyangwe mamwe marudzi emafuremu.