Kugadziriswa kwedambudziko
Ngatitii kambani yaunoshanda ine matura matatu, kubva uko zvinhu zvinoenda kune zvishanu zvezvitoro zvako zvakapararira muMoscow.
Chitoro chega chega chinokwanisa kutengesa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinozivikanwa kwatiri. Imwe neimwe yenzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu ine huwandu hushoma. Basa nderekusarudza zvine hungwaru kubva kudura kupi kune zvitoro zvinoendesa zvinhu kuitira kudzikisira mari yese yekufambisa.
Usati watanga optimization, zvichave zvakakodzera kuunganidza tafura iri nyore pane Excel sheet - yedu yemasvomhu modhi inotsanangura mamiriro ezvinhu:
Zvinonzwisisika kuti:
- Tafura yero yero (C4: G6) inotsanangura mutengo wekutumira chinhu chimwe kubva mudura rega rega kuenda kuchitoro chimwe nechimwe.
- Purple cells (C15:G14) inotsanangura huwandu hwezvinhu zvinodiwa kuti chitoro chimwe nechimwe chitengese.
- Masero matsvuku (J10: J13) anoratidza kukwanisa kweimba imwe neimwe yekuchengetera zvinhu - iyo yakawanda yakawanda yezvinhu zvinogona kubata.
- Yero (C13: G13) uye yebhuruu (H10: H13) maseru ndiwo mitsara uye makoramu masamu egirinhi maseru, zvichiteerana.
- Mari yose yekutumira (J18) inotarirwa sehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvehuwandu hwezvinhu uye mari yazvo yekutumira inowirirana - yekuverenga, basa rinoshandiswa pano. SUMPRODUCT (SUMPRODUCT).
Nekudaro, basa redu rakaderedzwa kusvika pakusarudzwa kweakanakisa kukosha kwegirinhi masero. Uye kuitira kuti huwandu hwese hwemutsara (maseru ebhuruu) usapfuure kugona kweimba yekuchengetera (masero matsvuku), uye panguva imwechete chitoro chimwe nechimwe chinogamuchira huwandu hwezvinhu zvachinoda kutengesa (chiyero chechitoro chimwe nechimwe masero matsvuku anofanira kunge ari pedyo sezvinobvira kune zvinodiwa - masero epepuru).
mhinduro
Mune masvomhu, matambudziko akadaro ekusarudza kugovera kwakanyatsonaka kwezvinhu zvakagadzirirwa uye zvinotsanangurwa kwenguva yakareba. Uye, hongu, nzira dzekudzigadzirisa dzakagadzirwa kwenguva refu kwete nekuverengera kusinganzwisisike (iyo yakareba kwazvo), asi munhamba shoma yekudzokororwa. Excel inopa mushandisi kuita kwakadaro uchishandisa yekuwedzera-mukati. Tsvaga Solutions (Solver) kubva kune tab Data (Zuva):
Kana pane tab Data yako Excel haina murairo wakadaro - zvakanaka - zvinoreva kuti iyo yekuwedzera haisati yabatana. Kuita kuti rivhure faira, zvino sarudza Parameters - Wedzera-ons - About (Sarudzo - Wedzera-Ins - Enda Kwa). Muhwindo rinovhura, tarisa bhokisi riri pedyo nemutsara watinoda Tsvaga Solutions (Solver).
Ngatimhanyei yekuwedzera:
Muhwindo iri, unofanira kuseta zvinotevera parameters:
- Gadzirisa chinangwa chekushanda (Seta tmari sero) - pano zvakakosha kuratidza chinangwa chikuru chekupedzisira chekugadzirisa kwedu, kureva bhokisi repinki rine mari yekutumira (J18). Sero rinonangwa rinogona kudzikiswa (kana iri mari, sezvatiri isu), yakakwidziridzwa (kana iri, semuenzaniso, purofiti) kana kuedza kuiunza kune yakapihwa kukosha (semuenzaniso, inokwana chaizvo mubhajeti rakapihwa).
- Kuchinja Variable Cells (By changing masero) - pano tinoratidza masero akasvibira (C10: G12), nekusiyanisa hunhu hwatinoda kuzadzisa mhedzisiro yedu - iyo shoma mutengo wekutumira.
- Zvinoenderana nezvirambidzo (chidzidzo to ari Zvisungo) - runyorwa rwezvirambidzo zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kana uchigadzirisa. Kuti uwedzere zvirambidzo kune rondedzero, tinya bhatani wedzera (Wedzera) uye isa mamiriro muhwindo rinoonekwa. Muchiitiko chedu, ichi chichava chinomanikidza chinodiwa:
uye kudzikisira pahuwandu hwehuwandu hwematura:
Mukuwedzera kune zvipingamupinyi zviri pachena zvinosanganiswa nezvinhu zvemuviri (kukwanisa kwezvivigiro uye nzira dzekufambisa, bhajeti uye nguva yezvipingamupinyi, nezvimwewo), dzimwe nguva zvakakosha kuwedzera zvirambidzo "special for Excel". Saka, semuenzaniso, Excel inogona kuronga nyore kuti iwe "uwedzere" mutengo wekutumira nekupa kutakura zvinhu kubva kuzvitoro kudzokera kuimba yekuchengetera - iyo mari inozove yakaipa, kureva isu tichaita purofiti! 🙂
Kuti izvi zvisaitike, zviri nani kusiya bhokisi rakabatidzwa. Ita Unlimited Variables isiri-Negative kana kunyange dzimwe nguva kunyoresa zvakajeka nguva dzakadai murunyorwa rwezvirambidzo.
Mushure mekuisa ese anodiwa paramita, hwindo rinofanira kutaridzika seizvi:
MuSarudzo nzira yekudonhedza nzira yekudonhedza, iwe unofanirwawo kusarudza iyo yakakodzera yemasvomhu nzira yekugadzirisa sarudzo yezvitatu zvingasarudzwa:
- Simplex nzira inzira yakapfava uye inokurumidza kugadzirisa matambudziko emutsetse, kureva matambudziko apo chinobuda chinotsamira pane zvinopinza.
- General Downgraded Gradient Method (OGG) - kune matambudziko asina mutsara, uko kune kwakaomarara kusiri mutsara kutsamira pakati pekuisa uye kubuda data (semuenzaniso, kuvimba kwekutengesa pamitengo yekushambadzira).
- Evolutionary kutsvaga mhinduro - nzira itsva yekuvandudza yakavakirwa pamisimboti yekushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu zvipenyu (hesi Darwin). Iyi nzira inoshanda kakawanda kupfuura maviri ekutanga, asi inogona kugadzirisa rinenge dambudziko ripi neripi (risina mutsara, rakajeka).
Basa redu rakanyatsojeka mutsara: yakaunzwa 1 chidimbu - yakashandisa 40 rubles, yakaunzwa 2 zvidimbu - yakashandisa 80 rubles. nezvimwewo, saka iyo simplex nzira ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo.
Iye zvino kuti iyo data yekuverenga yaiswa, tinya bhatani Wana mhinduro (Gadzirisa)kutanga optimization. Muzviitiko zvakakomba zvine masero akawanda ekuchinja uye zvipingamupinyi, kuwana mhinduro kunogona kutora nguva yakareba (kunyanya nenzira yekushanduka-shanduka), asi basa redu reExcel haringave dambudziko - munguva shoma tichawana zvinotevera zvinotevera. :
Ngwarira kuti zvinonakidza sei mavhoriyamu ekupa akagovaniswa pakati pezvitoro, asi zvisingapfuure huwandu hwematura edu uye kugutsa zvikumbiro zvese zvehuwandu hunodiwa hwezvinhu zvechitoro chimwe nechimwe.
Kana mhinduro yakawanikwa ichienderana nesu, saka tinogona kuichengeta, kana kudzoreredza kune yekutanga kukosha uye edza zvakare nemamwe ma parameter. Iwe unogona zvakare kuchengetedza yakasarudzwa musanganiswa weparameter se Mamiriro ezvinhu. Pakukumbira kwemushandisi, Excel inogona kuvaka marudzi matatu Reports pamusoro pedambudziko riri kugadziriswa pamapepa akaparadzana: chirevo pamusoro pezvabuda, chirevo pamusoro pekugadzikana kwemasvomhu kwemhinduro uye mushumo pamusoro pemiganhu (zvirambidzo) zvemhinduro, zvisinei, kazhinji, zvinongofadza kune nyanzvi chete. .
Pane, zvisinei, mamiriro apo Excel haigone kuwana mhinduro yakakodzera. Zvinokwanisika kutevedzera nyaya yakadai kana tikaratidza mumuenzaniso wedu zvinodiwa zvezvitoro muhuwandu hukuru kupfuura huwandu hwese hwematura. Zvadaro, kana uchiita optimization, Excel inoedza kuswedera pedyo nemhinduro sezvinobvira, uye wobva waratidza meseji iyo mhinduro isingawanikwe. Kunyange zvakadaro, kunyange munyaya iyi, tine ruzivo rwakawanda runobatsira - kunyanya, tinogona kuona "zvisungo zvisina simba" zvemaitiro edu ebhizinesi uye kunzwisisa nzvimbo dzekuvandudza.
Muenzaniso wakatariswa, hongu, uri nyore, asi zviyero zviri nyore kugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara. Semuyenzaniso:
- Optimization yekugovera zviwanikwa zvemari nechinhu chekushandiswa muchirongwa chebhizinesi kana bhajeti reprojekiti. Izvo zvinorambidzwa, mune iyi kesi, ichave huwandu hwemari uye nguva yeprojekiti, uye chinangwa chekugadzirisa ndechekuwedzera purofiti uye kuderedza mutengo weprojekiti.
- Mushandi kuronga optimization kuitira kuderedza muhoro homwe yebhizinesi. Zvirambidzo, mune iyi kesi, zvichave zvishuwo zvemushandi wega wega zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwebasa uye zvinodiwa patafura yevashandi.
- Optimization yekudyara mari - kukosha kwekugovanisa mari nemazvo pakati pemabhangi akati wandei, zvibatiso kana zvikamu zvemabhizinesi kuitira, zvakare, kuwedzera purofiti kana (kana zvakanyanya kukosha) kuderedza njodzi.
Chero zvazvingava, kuwedzera-on Tsvaga Solutions (Solver) chishandiso chine simba uye chakanaka cheExcel uye chinokodzera kutariswa kwako, sezvo chichigona kubatsira mumamiriro mazhinji akaoma aunofanirwa kutarisana nawo mubhizinesi razvino.