Dendrobium orchid
Dendrobium yakanaka kwazvo yemukati orchid, inofananidzwa mukuzivikanwa kune mumwe mumiriri we orchids - phalaenopsis. Kubva kuDendrobiums chete, unogona kuunganidza muunganidzwa unoshamisa umo chirimwa chimwe nechimwe chichave chakasiyana nezvimwe.

Ichi chirimwa chepiphytic: mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo chinokura zvakananga pamiti yemiti, uye shoko rokuti "dendrobium" muchiGiriki rinoreva "kugara pamuti". Dendrobium inotumbuka inoonekwa inofanirwa kuona: maruva ayo haafadze chete nechimiro chavo uye mumvuri, asiwo nekunhuhwirira kwakanaka. Vamiririri vemhando yeDendrobium vakasiyana zvikuru uye vanosiyana nenzira dzakawanda: mumvuri wemaruva, nguva yemaruva, tsika yemiti yose.

Mhando dze dendrobium orchids

Muzvisikwa, maererano nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kune 1000 - 1200 marudzi e dendrobium (1). Mune tsika yekamuri, hongu, mhando shoma dzakakura, asiwo dzakawanda, pamwe nemhando dzakasiyana, hazvigoneke kuti zvikwanise kuzvinyora zvese, saka zvine musoro kutaura pamusoro pezvakajairika uye zvinonakidza.

Dendrobium yakanaka (Dendrobium nobile). Mhando inoshamisa kwazvo yedendrobium orchid, iyo inoruramisa zvizere zita rayo - "noble". Kazhinji, aya mahybrids akasiyana muhukuru uye ruvara rwemaruva, anogona kuve machena, pink, lilac, yero, uye kunyange tricolor. Maruva anoumba muaxils emashizha uye anodonhedza akasimba madzinde akatwasuka, achipa chirimwa chimiro che "bouquet". Maruva akareba, kubva pakati pechando kusvika pakutanga kwezhizha.

Dendrobium beetle (Dendrobium moniliforme). Yakanyanya diki, inenge 15 cm kureba, inoita seyakaderedzwa dendrobium nobile. Maruva machena, yero, tsvuku kana pink, mu inflorescences ye 2 - 3 zvidimbu. Kune marudzi akawanda uye mahybrids. Maruva akareba, anotanga pakupera kwechando.

Dendrobium Phalaenopsis (Dendrobium phalaenopsis). Pasinei nekufanana kwemazita, iyi haisi hybrid ine phalaenopsis, asi yakasiyana yedendrobium, kunze yakafanana ne phalaenopsis. Maruva ayo akakura, pa peduncle refu, inowanzotumbuka munguva yechando, munaNovember-December. Inoonekwa seimwe yeakareruka kukura.

Dendrobium Parish (Dendrobium parishii). Inosiyana muhurefu hwezvinokambaira kana kurembera nhungirwa nemashizha makuru. Maruva pamakumbo mapfupi, asina kuroorwa kana muzvidimbu zvakawanda, ane "fluffy" muromo. Blooms mukutanga kwezhizha.

Dendrobium primrose (Dendrobium primulinum). Iinewo nhungirwa refu dzakarembera dzine mashizha akawanda. Maruva anoonekwa 1 - 2 mumainternodes, iwo akakura, ane mwenje mitsetse kana mottled muromo. Kutumbuka mukupera kwechando - kutanga kwechirimo, kunogona kuva kwenguva refu.

Dendrobium gustotsvetny (Dendrobium densiflorum). Zita remhando iyi ye dendrobium rinonyatsoenderana nekuonekwa kwechirimwa: mune imwe inflorescence panogona kunge paine gumi nemaviri maruva madiki, kazhinji yero-orenji, ane kunhuhwirira kwakasimba kunonakidza. Maruva akareba, anotanga muchando.

Dendrobium Lindley (Dendrobium lindleyi). Iyo compact mhando ye dendrobium orchid, kazhinji isingasviki masendimita makumi maviri pakureba. Inflorescence imwe neimwe inogona kuva nemaruva gumi kana kupfuura anosvika 20 cm muhukuru, yero kana orenji muruvara nemuromo wakasviba. Maruva ane huchi hwema hunonhuhwirira. Maruva anotanga pakati pechando uye anogona kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu, kunyanya kuwanda muchirimo.

Dendrobium orchid kutarisira kumba

Dendrobiums haisi iyo yakanyanya capricious orchids, zvisinei, ivo vachiri kuda kutariswa kwekukura kwakanaka kwemaruva.

Ground

Dendrobium inokodzera ivhu rakakosha rakagadzirirwa orchids, rinogona kutengwa muchitoro, kana substrate yakagadzirwa kumba kubva kuzvidimbu zvemuti wepaini bark yakasanganiswa ne sphagnum. Kana iwe ukagadzirira ivhu iwe pachako, unogona kuwedzera marasha mashoma uye peat kwairi.

Lighting

Kufanana nemamwe maorchids, dendrobiums inoda chiedza chakanaka. Iyi ndiyo imwe yenguva dzinonyanya kukosha mukutarisira. Zvakanakisisa kuvakurira kumaodzanyemba, kumabvazuva, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kana kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwehwindo, kupa mumvuri wakajeka kubva kune zuva rinopisa muzhizha. Dendrobium inofanira kunge iine maawa gumi nemaviri emasikati ekukura kwakajairika (12). Kana zvisingabviri kupa zvirimwa nemwenje wakakwana, kuwedzera kuvhenekera kuchadiwa. Akajairika emba emwenje masosi haana kukodzera kune orchids, ivo vanoda yakasarudzika yakazara spectrum fitolamp.

unyoro

Muzvisikwa, dendrobiums iripo mumamiriro ehunyoro hwakanyanya - inenge 80%. Mhuka dzemukati nemhando dzakasimudzwa nemhepo yakaoma, asi chero zvakadaro, hunyoro hwayo hahufanire kunge hwakaderera kupfuura 50 - 60%. Nokudaro, muzhizha zvinokurudzirwa kutora dendrobium kumhepo yakazaruka, semuenzaniso, kubhakoni uye kupfapfaidza nguva dzose kana mamiriro okunze achipisa, akaoma. Munguva yechando, uye pasina bhandi, unogona kuisa hari ine chirimwa mutireyi ine matombo akanyorova, ivhu rakawedzerwa kana sphagnum.

Kudiridza dendrobium kunoenderana nenguva yegore uye chikamu chekukura: muchirimo nezhizha, zvirimwa zvinodiridzwa zvakanyanya, iyo substrate inofanira kuoma pakati pekudiridza. Kuwedzera kunyorova muvhu hakubatsiri dendrobium uye kunogona kukonzera kuora kwemidzi. Diridza dendrobium chete nemvura inodziya yakagadzika. Kudiridza kwechando kunoenderana nerudzii rwe dendrobium yaunokura: zvirimwa zvine nguva yakaremara (semuenzaniso, dendrobium nobile) inenge isina kudiridzwa munguva yechando, kutaridzika kwemaruva kunofanirwa kuve chiratidzo chekuwedzera kudiridza. Mamwe marudzi, kunyanya dendrobium phalaenopsis, haana nguva yekurara uye anoda kudiridzwa munguva yechando.

fertilizer

Kutarisira kwakakodzera kwe dendrobium orchid kunosanganisira kusungirirwa kudya. Kune dendrobiums, akakosha akagadzirira-akagadzirwa maumbirwo akagadzirirwa orchids akakodzera. Kazhinji, mafetireza aya anowedzerwa kumvura panguva yekudiridza, asi kune magadzirirwo akakosha ekudyisa mashizha - kumwaya pamashizha. Kugadzirira kwakadaro kunokurudzirwa kune zvirimwa zvine midzi yakakuvadzwa kana isina kugadzirwa (somuenzaniso, yekucheka midzi kana kucheka), pamwe chete nechlorosis. Kune dendrobiums, hapana mhosva vanoshandisa fetiraiza yakaoma (mahwendefa uye "tsvimbo dzehutano").

Kudyisa

Kupfeka kwepamusoro kunoshandiswa panguva yekukura, ndiko kuti, kukura kunoshanda kwechirimwa, kazhinji 1 nguva mumavhiki maviri kusvika matatu, kunze kwekunge zvichiratidzwa mumirayiridzo yefetireza yakasarudzwa. Kupfeka kwekutanga uye kwekupedzisira kwemwaka kunoshandiswa muhuwandu hwe2/3 yehuwandu hwakazara.

Kunyangwe zvichidikanwa kudyisa dendrobiums panguva yekutumbuka inzvimbo yemoot point, asi kazhinji zvinokurudzirwa kumisa kupfeka kwepamusoro nekukurumidza kana maruva achitumbuka pakati, uye tangazve mushure memaruva.

Kupfeka kwepamusoro kwefoliar kunokwanisika chete kunze kwenguva yemaruva, sezvo maruva anofa nekuda kwekuumbwa kwemuviri paari.

Usapfapfaidza dendrobium nefetereza nezuva rakananga: izvi zvinotungamira mukutsva uye kufa kwemashizha. Idzo mhando nemhando dzine nguva yechando yekurara hadzidyiwe panguva ino. Miti inodziya iyo isina nguva yekurara inogona kudyiswa kamwe chete pamwedzi.

Kana iwe wakasimwa kana kuparadzira dendrobium, unofanira kumirira nepamusoro kupfeka kusvikira yakasimba zvakakwana uye inotanga kuumba nhungirwa itsva. Fertilizing pakarepo mushure mekusimwa kunogona kutungamirira kurufu rwemidzi uye muti wose.

Kuberekwa kwe dendrobium orchid kumba

Kuparadzira dendrobium kuri nyore, unogona kuzviita mune imwe yenzira mbiri.

Nokukamura gwenzi. Mushure mekutumbuka, dendrobium inogona kuisirwa uye kukamurwa. Kuti uite izvi, chirimwa chevakuru chinobviswa muhari, midzi inocheneswa nevhu uye zvinyoronyoro isina kubatwa. Zvadaro, nemudziyo wakapinza we disinfected, cheka delenki, imwe neimwe yadzo inofanira kuva nema pseudobulbs matatu (stems) uye maduku maduku. Nzvimbo dzekucheka dzinofanirwa kusaswa nemarasha akabatidzwa, akafukidzwa negadheni pitch kana paste yakakosha yekurapa kukanganisa kwezvirimwa.

Kucheka. Iyi inzira yakaoma zvishoma yekuparadzira dendrobium orchid, asi haina kushungurudza chirimwa.

Miti yekare inochekwa kuita zvidimbu nemainternodes akati wandei, zvimedu zvinosaswa nemarasha kana kuvharwa pamusoro. Iyo cuttings inoiswa pane yakanyoroveswa sphagnum mune greenhouse (purasitiki kana girazi mudziyo wakakodzera) kana kungoita mubhegi. Iyo greenhouse inochengetwa munzvimbo inodziya inopenya (20 - 25 ° C) ine mwenje wakapararira, zuva rega rega inovhurwa kuti ipinde mhepo uye iyo substrate inonyoroveswa nguva nenguva. Mushure memavhiki maviri - matatu, nhungirwa diki dzinofanira kuoneka mumanodhi ekucheka. Pavanokura midzi, vanogona kugara mumidziyo yakasiyana.

Dendrobium orchid transplant kumba

Iyo midzi ye dendrobium haina kusimba uye nyore kukuvadzwa, saka inofanirwa kuisirwa chete kana zvichidikanwa. Panogona kuve nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka zvekudyara orchid:

  • chirimwa chave chinopfuura simba rayo uye midzi inodarika iyo;
  • midzi inoora (zvikonzero zveizvi zvichakurukurwa pasi apa);
  • ivhu muhari harina kuchinja kwemakore akati wandei uye rinoda kuvandudzwa.

Kusiyana nephalaenopsis, dendrobium inoda chigadziko che opaque kudyara. Dendrobiums inowanzosimwa mushure mekutumbuka, mhando dzekupedzisira-dzinotumbuka dzinogona kuisirwa muchirimo, kana madiki madiki apedza kukura.

Chigadziko chitsva chinofanira kunge chakafara zvishoma pane chekare. Mutsetse wemvura wehurungudo kana ungwandangwanda wakaiswa pasi. Paunenge uchidyara, dendrobium orchid inobviswa zvakanyanyisa kubva muhari, midzi inosunungurwa kubva muvhu, kukuvadzwa kwese kunobatwa nemarasha akapwanyika, var kana imwe yakafanana. Mushure mokunge zvikamu zvaoma, simiti inoiswa muhari uye yakanyatsovharwa nevhu, pasina kuiputira pasi uye pasina kurara mashizha maduku. Mushure mekusimwa, simiti inoiswa munzvimbo ine mumvuri kwemavhiki 2-3 uye haina kunwisa kwemazuva 3-4.

Dendrobium orchid zvirwere

Zvirwere zvefungal uye mabhakitiriya. Ivo vanonyanya kukanganiswa nezvirimwa zvinochengetwa mumamiriro asina kukodzera: kushayikwa kwemwenje, kuderera kwehunyoro kana kunwisa mvura.

Chiratidzo chekutanga cheizvi dendrobium orchid zvirwere zvitema kana mavara matsvuku pamashizha, dzimwe nguva ane rimu rakareruka. Nzvimbo imwe chete inogona kunge yakakonzerwa nekukuvara kwetsaona kana kupiswa nezuva, asi kana mavara akawedzera muhukuru kana nhamba, inogona kunge iri hutachiona.

Kuti uchengetedze dendrobium orchid kubva kuzvirwere zvinokonzerwa nefungi uye mabhakitiriya, mamiriro ehusungwa anovandudzwa, zvikamu zvakakanganisika zvinobviswa, zvikamu zvinosaswa nekabhoni yakagadzirwa kana cauterized neodine. Ipapo chirimwa chinorapwa nechero fungicidal gadziriro yakakodzera kushandiswa kumba.

Midzi uye hwaro kuora kwepseudobulbs. Kazhinji, chirwere chedendrobium ichi mhedzisiro yekudiridza kwakawanda nekunyorova uye mafashama eiyo pseudobulb base.

Kana kuora kwemidzi kuchionekwa, chirimwa chinofanira kuisirwa pakarepo mu substrate itsva. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, zvikamu zvakaora zvemidzi zvinobviswa, zvikamu zvinosaswa nemarasha akashandiswa. Kana mabhesi emadzinde akaora, nzvimbo dzakaora dzinobviswa (kana kukuvara kwakanyanya, tsinde dzakazara), zvikamu zvinotapurwa, chirimwa chinorapwa nefungicidal gadziriro.

Zvipembenene zve dendrobium orchids

Dendrobium iri panjodzi yezvipembenene zvemukati zvemukati: spider mite, zvipembenene, aphid, mealybugs, thrips uye whiteflies.

Dendrobium pest control matanho akafanana kune mamwe zvirimwa zvemukati. Kubva pa mealybug, spider mite uye whitefly, kana pane zvishoma zvayo, zvinobatsira kunyatsogeza chirimwa neimba kana sipo yakasvibirira, zviri nani kuita izvi 2-3 nguva nekufamba kwemazuva akati wandei.

Muchiitiko chekukuvadzwa kwakanyanya kwezvipembenene izvi, uyewo kana zvipembenene zvezvikero kana thrips zvinowanikwa, kurapwa chete nemishonga yakakosha yeagrochemical inobatsira: Actellik, Fitoverm (3) kana vamwe vane maitiro akafanana.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Ungasarudza sei dendrobium orchid?
Usatenge orchid yaunoda pakukurumidza kwechinguva - inogona kukuodza mwoyo zvakanyanya. Mhando dzakasiyana uye dzakasiyana dze dendrobium dzine zvakasiyana zvinodiwa zvemamiriro, kusanganisira tembiricha: mamwe marudzi anoda inotonhorera yemukati muchando, izvo zvakaoma kuwana mufurati yeguta. Usati watenga, verenga nezve maficha emhando kana hybrid yaunoda, ongorora kuoma kwekuitarisira uye kugona kwako.

Paunenge uchitenga, nyatsoongorora dendrobium yekukuvara uye zviratidzo zvezvipembenene. Zviri nani kuchengetedza dendrobium yakatengwa kwevhiki 2-3 "mu quarantine" - zvakasiyana kubva kune dzimwe dzimba dzomumba, sezvo inogona kutapukirwa kwete chete netupukanana twakavanzika, asiwo nemavhairasi kana mabhakitiriya.

Ndeapi marudzi edendrobium akanakira imba?
Kune avo vasina kugadzirira kushandisa nguva yakawandisa uye kushanda nesimba pakugadzira mamiriro ezvirimwa uye kuzvitarisira, Dendrobium phalaenopsis, Dendrobium moniliforme, Dendrobium Nobile mahybrids, King's Dendrobium akakodzera.
Sei dendrobium isingatungi?
Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka:

- muti wacho muduku zvikuru - dendrobiums yakakura kubva pakucheka kazhinji inotumbuka kwemakore 2-3;

- mwenje usina kukwana - iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisazve chirimwa munzvimbo inopenya kana kupa humwe mwenje;

- iyo nguva yekurara inovhiringidzika - kana panguva yekurara (kune idzo zvisikwa zvinazvo) chirimwa ichichengeterwa tembiricha isina kukodzera kana - inowana kudiridza zvakanyanya, inogona kusatumbuka zvachose, dzimwe nguva mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, panzvimbo yemaruva; nhungirwa diki dzinoumba pachirimwa;

kudiridza zvakanyanya padanho rekugadzira bud - izvi zvinogona kutungamira kune chokwadi chekuti buds haakure kana kudonha;

-Imba yakapfava - dendrobiums inoda kuwana mweya mutsva.

Ndeipi yakanakisa dendrobium kune anotanga?
MaDendrobiums akasiyana zvakanyanya, dendrobiums moniliforme akanyatsokodzera kuchengetedzwa kweamateur pamba - vanonzwa zvirinani pamahwindo edu, uye zviri nyore kuwana maruva avo kupfuura dendrobium nobile, anodaro. biologist, muunganidzi wezvinomera zvisingawanzo Elena Kostrova.
Ndeipi dambudziko rinonyanya kunetsa vanotanga kana vachikura dendrobium nobile?
Dendrobium nobile haisiyo chirimwa chiri nyore kuchengeta pamahwindo edu, nekuda kwemaruva inoda misiyano mumasikati nehusiku tembiricha ye5 - 10 ° C, humidity yemhepo ye70 - 80% uye kupenya kwakajeka pasina zuva rakananga. Izvo zvinonetsa kwazvo kupa mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro mufurati pahwindo. Asi, pamwe, chikanganiso chakakosha chevanovice vanoda maorchids aya kudiridza zvakanyanya munguva yekuvhuvhu-yechando, zvisinei nekuti dendrobium nobile inoda nguva yekurara, inotsanangura. biologist Elena Kostrova.
Ko dendrobium nobile inoda mwenje munguva yechando here?
Handidi. Nobile dendrobiums inoda nguva yekurara kubva muna Gumiguru kusvika Kurume, panguva ino kudiridza kunofanirwa kudzikiswa kusvika kushoma uye chirimwa chinofanirwa kubvumidzwa kugoverazve shuga mumatishu kuitira kukura uye kutumbuka kweramangwana. Kuvhenekera nekudiridza kunomutsa zvinomera, zvinoreva kuti hakuzove nenguva yekurara uye hapana chekumirira kutumbuka, - anodaro. biologist Elena Kostrova.
Ndeipi nzvimbo yakanaka yekutenga dendrobium kuti uwane chirimwa chine hutano?
 Kune akawanda hybrid dendrobium nobile yeakasiyana mavara mumaketani hypermarkets zvezvinhu zveimba nebindu. Usatenga zvidyarwa zvakaderedzwa - vakapedza nguva yakaoma yenguva mukutengesa pasi, kwavakachengetwa muchiedza chakaderera, vachiiswa pasi pekudzokorora kuomeswa uye mafashamo, vasina simba uye vanobatwa nezvirwere zvefungal. Sarudza chirimwa chine hutano kubva kune zvitsva zvekushandisa, - inokurudzira biologist Elena Kostrova.

Moniliform dendrobiums, iyo inonyanya kukodzera kune vanotanga, haiwaniki mumaketani ezvitoro, unoda kutenga izvi zvirimwa kubva kune vateresi, kune zvakawanda zvinopa zvino. Usati waita sarudzo, iva nechokwadi chekuverenga online wongororo pamusoro pemutengesi.

Zvitubu zve

  1. Averyanov LV Kiyi kune orchids (Orchidaceae Juss.) yeVietnam // St. Petersburg: Nyika nemhuri, 1994 - 432 p.
  2. Hawkes AD Encyclopaedia yeanorimwa orchids // Faber naFaber, London, (1965) 1987.
  3. State catalog yemishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals inotenderwa kushandiswa munharaunda yeFederation kubva munaChikunguru 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture yeFederation.
  4. https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/

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