Edible morel (Morchella esculenta) mufananidzo uye tsananguro

zvimwe (Morchella esculenta)

Muviri wechibereko edible morel yakakura, ine nyama, ine mhango mukati, ndosaka howa yakareruka muhuremu, 6-15 (kusvika 20) cm kureba. Inosanganisira "gumbo" uye "cap". Morel inodyiwa inoonekwa seimwe yehowa hukuru hwemhuri yemorel.

Musoro mune inodyiwa morel, sekutonga, ine ovoid kana ovoid-yakakomberedzwa chimiro, isingawanzo yakatsetseka-spherical kana spherical; pamwe nemupendero zvakasimba anonamatira gumbo. Cap urefu - 3-7 cm, dhayamita - 3-6 (kusvika 8) cm. Cap color kubva yero-brown kusvika brown; inosviba nekukura nekuoma. Sezvo ruvara rweheti iri pedyo nemuvara wemashizha akadonha, fungus haigoni kuonekwa mumarara. Kumusoro kwechivharo kwakanyanya kusaenzana, kwakaunyana, kunosanganisira makomba akadzika-masero ehukuru hwakasiyana, akaiswa hymenium. Chimiro chemasero hachina kurongeka, asi chiri pedyo nekutenderera; ivo vakaparadzaniswa nekamanikana (1 mm gobvu), sinuous folds-mbabvu, longitudinal uye transverse, mavara akareruka kupfuura masero. Masero acho anoita senge muzinga wehuchi, nekudaro rimwe remazita echiRungu ezvinodyiwa morel - muzinga weuchi morel.

gumbo iyo morel ine cylindrical, yakakora zvishoma pajinga, ine mhango mukati (inoumba imwe mhango ine kavha), brittle, 3-7 (kusvika 9) cm kureba uye 1,5-3 cm mukobvu. Muhowa hudiki, dzinde rakachena, asi rinosviba nezera, richiita yero kana kuti cream. Muhowa hunenge hwanyatsokura, dzinde rine brownish, mealy kana kuti kutsemuka zvishoma, kazhinji riine mitsetse yakareba pasi.

Pulp muviri unobereka wakareruka (white, whitish-cream kana yellowish-ocher), wakisi, wakaonda kwazvo, usina kusimba uye unyoro, unoputsika nyore. Kuravira kwenyama kunofadza; hapana kunhuwa kwakasiyana.

spore powder yellowish, chiedza ocher. Spores ndeye ellipsoid, yakatsetseka, isingawanzo granular, isina ruvara, 19-22 × (11-15) µm muhukuru, inokura mumabhegi emichero (asci), ichiita mutsara unoramba uripo pamusoro pekunze kwechivharo. Asci ane cylindrical, 330 × 20 microns muhukuru.

Iyo inodyiwa morel inogoverwa munzvimbo yese inodziya yeNorth Hemisphere - muEurasia kusvika kuJapan neNorth America, pamwe neAustralia neTasmania. Zvinoitika chete, kashoma mumapoka; zvisingawanzoitiki, kunyange zvazvo zvinowanzoitika pakati pehowa dzakawanda. Inokura munzvimbo dzakavhenekerwa zvakanaka pavhu rakaorera, rine lime-rakapfuma - kubva munzvimbo dzakaderera uye mafashama kusvika kunzvimbo dzakatenuka dzemakomo: mune yakajeka deciduous (birch, willow, poplar, alder, oak, ash uye elm), pamwe nemumasango akasanganiswa uye coniferous. , mumapaki nomuminda yemaapuro; inowanikwa muuswa, nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa (pamakwenzi nemasango, pasi pemakwenzi, munzvimbo dzakacheneruka uye pakachena, pedyo nemiti yakadonha, mumigero uye nemumahombekombe ehova). Inogona kukura munzvimbo dzine jecha, pedyo nemarara uye munzvimbo dzemoto yekare. Kumaodzanyemba kweNyika Yedu, inowanikwa mumagadheni emuriwo, mapindu epamberi uye lawn. Iyi fungus inokura zvakanyanya muchirimo, kubva pakati paApril kusvika June, kunyanya mushure memvura inodziya. Inowanzoitika mumasango pane ivhu rakaorera rakawanda kana rakaderera pasi pemiti inodonha, kazhinji munzvimbo dzine huswa, dzakachengetedzwa zvakanaka: pasi pemakwenzi, padivi pemigero, palawn mumapaki nemapindu.

MuWestern Europe, fungus inoitika kubva pakati paApril kusvika pakupera kwaMay, kunyanya mumakore ekudziya - kubva munaKurume. Munyika Yedu, fungus inowanzoonekwa isati yapfuura kutanga kwaChivabvu, asi inogona kuitika kusvika pakati paJune, dzimwe nguva, munguva yechando yakareba, kunyange mukutanga kwaOctober.

Morel inodyiwa haigone kuvhiringika nechero howa hune chepfu. Iyo inosiyaniswa nemhando dzakabatana neiyo conical morel uye iyo yakareba morel neyakatenderedzwa chimiro checap, chimiro, ukuru uye kurongeka kwemasero. Iyo yakatenderedza morel (Morchella rotunda) yakafanana zvikuru nayo, iyo, zvisinei, inowanzoonekwa seimwe yemhando yezvinodyiwa morel.

Conditionally edible howa wechikamu chechitatu. Inokodzera chikafu mushure mekubikira mumvura yakarungwa yakabikwa kwemaminitsi 10-15 (muto unodururwa), kana mushure mekuoma pasina kufashaira.

Vhidhiyo pamusoro pehowa Morel inodyiwa: