hippeastrum ruva

Hippeastrum chirimwa chine bulbous kubva kumhuri yeAmaryllis. Kune marudzi makumi mapfumbamwe mujenasi, ose anogara musango munzvimbo dzinopisa uye subtropics dzeAmerica, kusanganisira sango reAmazon. 

Vamiriri veiyi genus vakauya kuEurope muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Zvizhinji zvadzo zvakashandiswa mukuberekesa, zvakayambuka pamwe chete, uye somugumisiro, iyo hippeastrums yatinokura pamusha yakaonekwa neve botanist semhando yakasiyana - hybrid hippeastrum. 

Musanganiswa wekutanga wakaonekwa muna 1799. Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore rechi100, pakanga pane 1500 yavo. Uye parizvino, marudzi anopfuura chiuru eruva iri rinoshamisa akanyoreswa pasirese (1) uye akati wandei akazvarwa muNyika Yedu (2).

Mamiriro ekukura ruva re hippeastrum

Hippeastrum inomera isingaperi. Uye kusiyana nehuwandu hwemamwe maruva emukati, ine nguva yekurara. Kutenderera kwehupenyu hwake kunoratidzika seizvi:

• hippeastrum blooms (kubva pakutanga kwekuonekwa kwemuseve kusvika pakuoma kwemaruva) - inenge mwedzi 1,5;
• hippeastrum inokura (panguva ino ine mashizha chete) - inenge mwedzi 7,5 - 8,5;
• nguva yekuzorora - 2 - 3 mwedzi. 

Sezvo mutemo, nguva yakarara ye hippeastrum inotangira kubva munaOctober kusvika munaJanuary, uye inotumbuka pakati pechando. Asi kana zvichidikanwa, mazuva aya anogona kuchinjwa nekugadzirisa kudiridza uye tembiricha.

Hippeastrum maruva kutarisira kumba

Kazhinji, kutarisira hippeastrum hakuna kuoma, asi kupa dormancy yechirimwa, ine maitiro ayo.

Ground

Hippeastrum inofarira ivhu rakasununguka uye rakaorera. Iyo yakanakira kuumbwa kwayo musanganiswa wejecha rerwizi ne humus, mashizha uye soddy ivhu muchiyero che2: 1: 2: 2. 

"Unogona kushandisa ivhu rakagadzirirwa kugadzira maruva kubva muchitoro," anodaro agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova, - asi hutano hwavo dzimwe nguva hunosiya zvakanyanya kudiwa, ivo vanogadzirwa pahwaro hwe peat uye vanooma nokukurumidza zvikuru. Zviri nani kuti usava neusimbe uye uite musanganiswa wevhu wakakodzera iwe pachako.

Lighting

Hippeastrum inoda kuwanda kwechiedza, asi inofanira kuparadzirwa, kureva kuti, hari haigoni kuiswa pasi pezuva rinopisa. Iwe unogona, semuenzaniso, kuiviga kuseri kwechimwe chirimwa chakakura chinozoita mumvuri zvishoma. 

Nzvimbo yakanakisa mufurati yehippeastrum mahwindo akatarisa kumaodzanyemba, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kana kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero.

Kudiridza

Zvakanakisisa kudiridza hippeastrum kwete nepamusoro pehari, kufanana nemimwe miti yakawanda, asi kuburikidza nepani - kuitira kuti mvura irege kuwira zvakananga pabhobho, izvo zvinoderedza dambudziko rekuora. 

Uye kuwanda kwekudiridza kunoenderana nechikamu chezvinomera. 

Panguva yemaruva. Hippeastrum inoda mvura yakawanda panguva yemaruva - inoda kudiridzwa zvakanyanya, asi kuitira kuti ivhu riri pakati pemvura rive nenguva yekuoma kusvika pakudzika kwakazara kwehari. Kana unyoro huchidzika pasi, midzi inotanga kuora, uye ipapo girobhu.

Munguva yekukura. Panguva ino, hippeastrum ine mashizha chete, nguva yacho inowanzobva munaFebruary kusvika August-September. Inofanira kudiridzwa zvine mwero munguva yekukura - nyika iri pakati pekudiridza haifaniri kungooma zvachose, asiwo kugara yakaoma kwemazuva mazhinji. 

Muchikamu chechipiri chezhizha, kudiridza kunofanira kuderedzwa kusvika padiki - kamwe chete mavhiki maviri kusvika matatu achakwana, nokuti simiti inotanga kugadzirira nguva yekurara. 

Kana iwe ukaramba uchidiridza, hippeastrum haizoendi kunozorora - icharamba iri gore rose nemashizha akasvibirira. Asi haizotungi. 

Munguva yekurara. Sezvo mutemo, munaSeptember, mashizha e hippeastrum anotanga kushanduka yero, obva aoma. Iyo girobhu inoenda kunozorora uye painozorora, haifanirwe kuidiridza. 

Hazvina kudiwa kubvisa girobhu kubva muhari mushure mokunge muti wacho warega basa, asi zvinokurudzirwa kubvisa pombi kune imwe nzvimbo inotonhorera umo kutonhora kusingapfuuri 15 ° C. Unogona, somuenzaniso, kuisa pasi pemubhedha. - mhepo iri pasi inowanzogara ichitonhora. 

Asi zvakadaro zviri nani kuchengetedza girobhu mumamiriro ezvinhu anotonhorera - pakupisa kwe5 - 10 ° C. Ndiko kuti, mufiriji. Asi muchiitiko ichi, iwe uchafanirwa kuichera kunze kuitira kuti usakwevera poto yose ipapo.

fertilizer

Paunenge uchidyara kana kushandura hippeastrum, haufaniri kuwedzera chero mafetiraiza kune ivhu - kana yakanyatsogadzirirwa, ichava nekudya kwakakwana kwekutanga. 

Iko kunowanzo kutova nefetereza muvhu rechitoro, saka hapana chimwe chinoda kuwedzerwa pano zvakare.

Kudyisa

Miti yakawanda inodyiswa nenzira imwechete - yekutanga nitrogen (panguva yekukura kwekushanda), uye ipapo phosphorus uye potassium (panguva yemaruva). Asi muhippeastrum, zvinopesana ndezvechokwadi - inotanga maruva, uye chete ipapo inokura mashizha. Nokudaro, kurongeka kwekudya kunoshandukawo - kutanga vanomupa phosphorus ne potassium, uye kana mashizha achionekwa - nitrogen. 

- Unogona kushandisa classic mineral fertilizer yekupfekedza hippeastrum - kaviri superphosphate, potassium sulfate uye urea. Izvo zvakachipa, asi kuzvishandisa kudyisa maruva emukati kune njodzi - zvakaoma kuverenga iyo chaiyo dose, uye sezvo vhoriyamu yehari ishoma, fetereza yakawandisa haizoendi chero kupi uye inogona kupisa midzi, anotsanangura. agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova.

Nokudaro, zviri nani kushandisa fetiraiza yakaoma yemvura yemiti inotumbuka - chero ipi zvayo ichaita. Hongu, iyo inodhura, asi iyo iri nyore kushandisa - iwe unongoda kuderedza chivharo chemhinduro muhuwandu hunokurudzirwa hwemvura. 

Gippeastrum inopiwa kupfeka kwekutanga apo museve wemaruva unosvika pakakwirira 15 cm. Uyezve mavhiki maviri ega ega kusvika pakati pezhizha. Mushure meizvi, kupfeka kwepamusoro hakudiwi - simiti inofanira kugadzirira nguva yekurara.

Kuberekwa kweruva re hippeastrum kumba

Hippeastrum inogona kuparadzirwa nenzira nhatu. 

Vana. Pa hippeastrum girobhu, nekufamba kwenguva, mabhuru madiki emwanasikana anoumbwa, ayo anonyanya kunzi vana. Zvose zvinodikanwa ndezvekuparadzanisa zvirimwa kana uchidyara uye kuzvidyara muhari dzakasiyana. 

Nenzira, vana vanofanira kuparadzaniswa zvachose, nokuti kana varipo, girobhu raamai kazhinji haritumbuki. Kutumbuka, kunofanira kunge kuri muhari chete. 

Kupatsanurwa kwegirobhu. Kupatsanurwa kwebhubhu kunoitwa pakupera kwenguva yekurara - munaNovember-Zvita. Chirongwa ndeichi:

• chikamu chevhu chinofanira kubviswa muhari kuitira kuti 1/3 chete yebhubhu irambe iri muvhu (kazhinji inovigwa ne2/3); 
• nebanga rakapinza (nokuda kwekubereka kunobatsira kuipukuta nedoro kana kuipisa pamoto), cheka hanyanisi yakatwasuka muhafu kana muzvikamu zvina, asi zvakare kwete zvachose - chete kusvika pamwero wevhu; 
• isa skewers yemapuranga yakatwasuka mukati mekucheka - zvakakosha kuti zvikamu zvakakamurwa zvebhubhu zvisabatane.

Kupfuurirazve, girobhu rakakamurwa rinoda kutariswa, seyakajairwa munhu mukuru hippeastrum. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine rosette yayo yemashizha. Mumatsutso, simiti icharega. Uye isati yamuka, kureva, zvakare munaNovember-December (ichabuda chaizvo mugore), girobhu rinofanira kutemwa kusvika kumagumo uye chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kudyarwa muhari yakasiyana. Iwe unotove uine 2 kana 4 zvidyarwa zvitsva, uye mushure mekupatsanurwa, vana vanozotanga kushingaira kuumba pachikamu chimwe nechimwe (3). 

Mbeu. Iyi ndiyo nzira inonyanya kunetsa, asi kune rumwe rutivi, unogona kuwana zvakawanda zvekudyara zvinhu kupfuura pakuparadzanisa mababu nekudyara vana. 

Kuti mbeu dzigadzirire, panguva yemaruva emuti weamai, unoda kuunganidza pollen kubva kune stamens nekotoni swab uye kuiendesa kune pistil. Pasina kuiswa kwekugadzira, mbeu haina kuumbwa. Kana pane chirimwa chimwe chete, uye iwe wakachisvibisa nemukume wako, ipapo kumera kwembeu kuchave kwakaderera - mukati me37%. Asi kana uine zvirimwa zviviri zvemhando imwe chete kumba, uye iwe wakatora mukume kubva kune imwe uye wakatamisa kwete pistil yeimwe, ipapo chiyero chekumera chichava pamusoro pe70% (3). Kana iwe ukasvibisa zvakasiyana-siyana zve hippeastrums, mwana wacho haazochengeti zviratidzo zvevabereki vavo. Asi mafomu anonakidza anogona kuoneka, uye iwe unogona kutobereka yako akasiyana.

- Zviri nani kudyara mbeu yehippeastrum pakarepo mushure mekukohwa, - inokurudzira agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova, - muchiitiko ichi, kumera kwavo kwakanyanya. Kana vakarara pasi uye vaoma, kumera kunoderera.

Dyara mbeu mumidziyo pakadzika 1 cm uye kure ne 2 cm kubva kune mumwe, kana pakarepo muhari dzakasiyana dze 1 pc. Mbesa dzinofanira kudiridzwa nguva nenguva uye yakawanda. Inogona kudyarwa kunze kwemudziyo apo mashizha akaumbwa zvakanaka.

Hippeastrum flower transplant kumba

Hippeastrum inotumbuka chete muhari dzakamanikana, uye sezvo girobhu rinokura zvishoma nezvishoma, chirimwa hachifanirwe kuisirwa kanopfuura kamwe pamakore matatu kusvika mana. 

Iyo hari itsva inofanira kuva yehupamhi hwakadaro zvokuti pane gaka re 2 cm pakati pebhubhu nemadziro. Zviri nani kusarudza mapoto akaderera. Mumwe anofanira kunyatsoisa dhizaini yakanaka yemvura - 2 - 3 cm, kuitira kuti mvura irege kumira pasi panguva yekudiridza, uye ivhu harishanduki kuvava.

Zvakakosha kudzorera hippeastrum nevhavha yevhu, kuedza kusakuvadza midzi. Mushure mekudyara, girobhu rinofanira kusimuka 1/3 pamusoro pevhu. 

Nguva yakanakisa yekudyara hippeastrum isati yasvika nguva yekurara kana nekukurumidza mushure mekutumbuka.

Zvirwere zve hippeastrum flower

Pamba, hippeastrums inorwara zvisingawanzoitiki, asi zvichiri kuitika. Sezvo mutemo, ivo vanobatwa ne3 zvirwere. 

Powdery mildew. Zviri nyore kwazvo kuzviziva - jira jena rinoonekwa pamashizha, rakafanana nekuumbwa. 

Antifungal mishonga - Quadris, Privent, Strobi kana Thiovit Jet ichabatsira kurarama nechirwere.

Kuora kutsvuku. Inobata ma bulbs - mavara anoora anoonekwa pavari, midzi inotanga kuora, mashizha anooma. 

Muchiitiko ichi, girobhu rinofanira kucherwa, kuchekwa nebanga rakapinza nzvimbo dzese dzakaora, dzakaomeswa zvakanaka, uye dzozobatwa neFundazol. Mushure meizvozvo, girobhu rinofanira kudyarwa muhari itsva, dururira ivhu nyowani mukati mayo, mushure mekuita calcining mu microwave kana muchoto.

Tsvuku tsvuku. Zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi fungal mavara matsvuku uye mavara pamashizha nema bulbs. Sezvo chirwere ichi chichikura, mashizha anova akaremara, peduncle inova isina simba uye inodonha. 

Pakutanga kwechirwere, mishonga ine mhangura - HOM kana Amila-Peak - ichabatsira kurarama nehutachiona. Kana hutachiona hwakapararira zvakasimba, mashizha emuhippeastrum anofanira kugurwa, girobhu rinofanira kucherwa, nzvimbo dzakakanganiswa dzinofanira kuchekwa kune utano hwakanaka, uye nzvimbo dzakachekwa dzinofanira kurapwa nemusanganiswa wemhangura sulphate uye choko. (1:20). Ipapo girobhu inofanira kuomeswa nemhepo kwemazuva manomwe uye yakasimwa muhari itsva ine ivhu rakachena, calcined.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Takabvunza mibvunzo yakajairika nezve hippeastrums kune agronomist-mupfudzi Svetlana Mikhailova.

Zvitubu zve

1. Royal General Bulb Growers 'Association (KAVB) https://www.kavb.nl/zoekresultaten
2. Reut A.A. Mhedzisiro yekusarudzwa kwezvirimwa zvinoyevedza zvisingaperi muSouth Ural Botanical Garden-Institute // Kuunganidzwa kwemapepa esainzi eGNBS, vhoriyamu 147, 2018. 

   https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/itogi-selektsii-dekorativnyh-mnogoletnih-kultur-v-yuzhno-uralskom-botanicheskom-sadu-institute/viewer

3. Federal Institute for Risk Assessment // Press Release, Chikunguru 7.07.2007th, XNUMX

   Arkhipov I.N. Biological maitiro evamiriri vemhuri Amaryllidaceae Jaume St.-Hil. munzvimbo yakachengetedzwa // dissertation, 2013 

   https://www.dissercat.com/content/biologicheskie-osobennosti-predstavitelei-semeistva-amaryllidaceae-jaume-st-hil-v-usloviyakh