Iyo electrocardiograph inorekodha mashandiro emagetsi emoyo uye inoongorora mamiriro ehutano hwayo nekuona chero kukanganisa mukushanda kwayo. Ongororo yakaitwa, inozivikanwa se electrocardiogram, ndeimwe yeakakosha maedzo emoyo anoitwa panguva yekubvunzurudzwa kwemoyo.

Chiitiko chemoyo chinoiswa pasi pemagetsi tsinga impulse iyo inokurudzira kudonhedza kwayo uye kuzorora kwayo nenzira otomatiki uye nguva nenguva. Iyi nerve impulse, ichibva ku sinus node iri kumusoro kweatrium yekurudyi, inotapurirwa kumaseru etsandanyama yemoyo yakavakidzana nenzira yemasaisai emagetsi anofamba akananga kumucheto wemoyo (pazasi kuruboshwe).

Iyo electrocardiographs inorekodha aya mafungu emagetsi emwoyo uye anoashandura kuita curve, kuongororwa kunopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pehuwandu uye chimiro chezviratidzo zvakarekodhwa uye zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kudhirowa mepu chaiyo yemoyo nemakanika ayo anoshanda: izvi ndizvo. electrocardiogram (ECG).

Zvinoumba

Electrocardiographs inoumbwa nezvinhu zvitatu:

• iyo yekutarisa, yakashongedzerwa nechidzitiro, iyo inorekodha yemwoyo yemagetsi mafungiro;
• ma electrodes, anoraswa kana anogona kushandiswazve;
• tambo dzekubatanidza ma electrode kune monitor.

Mafomu akasiyana

Electrocardiographs iripo mumhando dzakasiyana:

• yakatarwa mu cabinet;
• inotakurika pangoro (7 kusvika 10 makirogiramu);
• ultraportable (isingasviki 1 kilogiramu uye inomhanya pabhatiri rechargeable).

Kududzira ECG kunobvumira chiremba kuti azive kurova kwemoyo uye kuongorora zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chokuita nearrhythmias, kukanganisa kwemoyo, chirwere chepfungwa kana chirwere chemwoyo:

• tachycardia;
• bradycardia;
• arrhythmia;
• extrasystole;
• torsade;
• ventricular fibrillation;
• ischemia;
• infarction;
• pericarditis (kuzvimba kwe pericardium);
• chirwere chevhavha (chinosanganiswa neatrial uye / kana ventricular hypertrophy);
• etc.

Kutevera ECG

Iyo electrocardiograph inorekodha masaisai emagetsi emwoyo kuburikidza nemagetsi anoiswa paganda remurwere panzvimbo dzakati. Ma electrode anoshanda ari maviri maviri. Nekusiyanisa kusanganiswa kwe electrode, tinowana mitsara yakasiyana, 12 mune zvose, izvo zvinoita kuti ECG ionekwe.

IECG igirafu inotorwa papepa regirafu, iyo vertical axis iyo inopindirana neamplitude yechiratidzo chemagetsi (ine 1 mV = 1 cm) uye yakanatswa kusvika kunguva yayo (1 sec = 25 mm). Machati ese akayerwa zvakafanana kune zvinangwa zvekuenzanisa.

Kududzirwa kweECG

• Iyo P wave ndiyo yekutanga wave yakanyorwa: chiratidzo chemagetsi, chinobva ku sinus node, inosvika kune atria iyo inobvumirana kubvumira ropa kuti riende kune ventricles;
• Iyi inotevera QRS yakaoma yakaputsika kuita masaisai matatu: Q uye S iyo inofananidzira kuzorora kweatria uye kuzadza kwavo, uye R iyo inoenderana neiyo ventricular contraction inobvumira kubuda kweropa kune tsinga. QRS inobatsirawo kuona axis yemagetsi yemoyo;
• Iyo T wave ndiyo yekupedzisira wave: inopindirana nekuzorora kwema ventricles;
• Chikamu chePQ ndiyo nguva inotora kuti mhepo yemagetsi ifambe kubva paatria kusvika kune ventricles: iyi ndiyo atrioventricular conduction;
• Chikamu che ST chinomiririra kupera kwe ventricular contraction;
• Iyo QT interval inoenderana nekufamba kwenguva ye ventricular systole, kureva kutenderera kwakazara kwekupokana / kuzorora kwema ventricles.

Kurova kwemoyo nhamba yeQRS complexes paminiti. Zvinowanzoita 60 kusvika 100 bpm (kurohwa paminiti) pakuzorora.

ECG abnormalities

ECGs inopa hupfumi hweruzivo nezve hutano hwemoyo. Shanduko yenguva, amplitude, kutungamira kwemafungu uye / kana kutaridzika kwemamwe masaini zviratidzo zvese zvemoyo kusagadzikana.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chiremba wemwoyo anogonawo kuodha ambulatory Holter kurekodha kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika ku24, panguva iyo murwere anofanira kucherechedza nguva yake yebasa nekuzorora, pamwe nerumwe ruzivo runogona kujekesa. kududzira ECG. Iyo Holter inogona kubvumira kuona kwepakati matambudziko emoyo.

Matanho ekushanda

Kuongorora, kusingapindiki uye kusingarwadzi, kunotora anenge maminitsi gumi. Inogona kuitwa muchipatara, kuhofisi ye cardiologist kana chiremba, kumba, kana kunyange kunze nevanokurumidzira vanachiremba.

Murwere akarara maoko ake ari pamativi ake, makumbo ake akatambanudzwa. Inofanira kunge yakasununguka kuti irege kupindira kwemagetsi kubva pakuputika kwemamwe masumbu. Maelectrodes, akaputirwa nejelisi conductive, akaiswa paganda remurwere, iro rinofanira kunge rakachena, rakaoma uye rakaveurwa kana zvichidikanwa kuti ribvumire kunamatira kwakakwana. Kuiswa kwavo kunoteera mirairo chaiyo:

• 4 ma electrode epamberi akaiswa pamaoko nemakumbo: anobvumira kuziva axis yemagetsi yemoyo.
• 6 precordial electrodes yakaiswa pa thorax: 2 kudzidza basa remagetsi re ventricle yakarurama, 2 kudzidza interventricular rusvingo uye muromo wemwoyo, uye 2 yeruboshwe ventricle.

Anosvika gumi nemasere electrode anogona kuiswa kutora ECG. Nzvimbo dzekuisa dzinogara dzakafanana kuitira kuti maECG anogadzirwa anogona kuenzaniswa.

Nguva yekuishandisa?

IECG inogona kuitwa sechiongorori chekuongorora kuti mwoyo uri kushanda zvakanaka, sekuongororwa kwekutevera panguva yekurapa, kwekushanda kwepamberi, kana sekuongorora kuongororwa apo murwere anonyunyuta nezvemarwadzo, chizuru kana palpitations. zvemwoyo.

ECG inogonawo kuitwa sechikamu chekuedzwa kwekunetseka, mumutambi semuenzaniso. Muchiitiko ichi, murwere anofanira kubudisa kuedza kwakasimba kwemaminetsi gumi kusvika ku10. Kune maelectrodes mashoma uye mwero wekufema uye BP zvinoyerwa zvichitevedzana.

Chenjedzo kutora

Iko hakuna contraindication kana chaiyo kugadzirira murwere kuita ECG.

Mushandi anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti electrocardiograph yakanyatso kugadziridzwa: hapana kupindira, yakagadzikana baseline, chaiyo calibration (10 mm / mV), yakanaka kuyerera kwebepa kumhanya (25 mm / sec), inowirirana trace ( electrodes haifanirwe kudzoserwa shure).

Maitiro ekusarudza

Kushandiswa kwe electrocardiographs kunongobvumirwa kune vashandi vezvokurapa.

Mapoinzi akati wandei anofanirwa kutariswa kana uchitenga electrocardiograph:

• kushandisa sedentary kana ambulatory;
• shandisa zviyero pakuzorora kana kushushikana bvunzo;
• chidzitiro: saizi, ruvara, nhamba yezviratidziro zvinoratidzwa, touchscreen kana kwete;
• kudhindwa kweECGs;
• magetsi ekupa: mains, bhatiri rechargeable, mabhatiri;
• ndangariro simba rekuchengetedza rekodhi;
• kubatana: Bluetooth kubatana, USB;
• kuvapo kwesoftware yakatsaurirwa kududzira data;
• zvishongedzo: pepa rekudhinda, seti yemagetsi, tambo, bhegi rekutakura, nezvimwe;
• mutengo: mazana mashoma kusvika kune zviuru zveeuro zviuru;
• verification yezviyero (CE yekumaka).