â € ​ â € ‹â € â € ‹â €‹ â € ‹Alexander Gordon: … mibvunzo mimwecheteyo ine chekuita nevateereri. Asi ngatitange patsva zvakadaro. Urikuitirei izvi?
ML Butovskaya: Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti nyaya yerudo, mumashoko esainzi, yakanyanya kuoma. Kune munhuwo zvake, zvingaita sokuti zvinhu zvose zvakajeka, sezvo anogara achisangana nechiitiko ichi muupenyu hwake. Kune mafizikisi, pane muedzo wekushandura zvinhu zvose mune mamwe maitiro uye zvirongwa, asi kwandiri kufarira uku kwakabatana nekupindura mubvunzo wekuti, chaizvoizvo, rudo rwakamuka sei. Zvichida, vazhinji vevanhu vari kutitarisa zvino vachati zvinhu zvose hazviwanzozivikanwi, kana kwaiva nerudo kubva pakutanga kwekuzvarwa kwevanhu. Zvichida yakatanga kune imwe nzvimbo muMiddle Ages, apo pfungwa yerudo rwerudo, makwikwi emakwikwi, kutsvaga kwemukadzi wemoyo, kukunda kwemukadzi uyu kwakasimuka.
Alexander Gordon: Uye Rwiyo rweNziyo..
ML Butovskaya: Hongu, hongu, hongu. Ini ndichataura kuti chaizvoizvo, chokwadi, vanhu vanoda mumarudzi ose, kunyange zvazvo kuratidzwa kwerudo kwakasiyana, uye vamiririri veimwe tsika vangasavanzwisisa. Uye nzanga dzose dzinozivikanwa nhasi, kubva kuvavhimi-vaunganidzi kusvika kunzanga yedu yepashure-maindasitiri, zvinongoziva kuti rudo chii. Saka rudo rwuri mumunhu, rudo runomutevera pazvitsitsinho zvake, rudo rwakaipa, rudo rwakanaka, rudo, pakupedzisira, kuenderera kwehupenyu. Ndiko kuti, kana pasina rudo, hapana kuberekana, hapana kuberekana kwemarudzi, uye munhu anorayira kurarama kwenguva refu seimwe mhuka iri kufa pasi pano. Saka, mumutemo, zviri pachena, zvakakosha kusimudza mubvunzo we-uye izvi ndizvo isu, kureva, vatsvakurudzi vevanhu ethology - vakaita munguva yedu - nei rudo ruchidiwa kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedza vanhu.
Alexander Gordon: Uri kutaura zvino nezve Homo sapiens. Uye ese aya ngano dzakakurumbira nezve swan kutendeka, nezve kugadzira zvisingaperi peya mune mamwe marudzi emhuka. Kureva kuti rudo rwuri mumunhu chete.
ML Butovskaya: Ehe, uyu mumwe mubvunzo unonakidza uyo ethologists vari kuedza kugadzirisa. Chokutanga pane zvose, ngatitarisei mubvunzo wekuti hutsika hwepabonde hunoitika rini? Izvo hazviratidzike pakarepo, pakutanga kwekushanduka kwenyika mhenyu paPasi, hunhu hwepabonde hwakange husipo. Rangarira kuti protozoa inoberekana musexually, kazhinji nefission iri nyore. Asi kuberekana kusina bonde kuri kutsiviwa nekuberekana. Yakapararira zvakanyanya uye chimwe chinhu chinofambira mberi uye chakakosha mukushanduka-shanduka. Hazvisi zvetsaona kuti mhuka dzemhando yepamusoro dzinotoita tsika dzepabonde. Nokudaro, pane nguva apo, kana tichida kana kwete, kune zvepabonde, asi hapana rudo (nei tichiomerera kuti rudo harupo mumatanho ekutanga ekugadzirwa kwekuberekwa kwepabonde kuchave kwakajeka kubva muhurukuro inotevera. )
Alexander Gordon: Chromosomal sex ndiyo.
ML Butovskaya: Saka, pamusimboti, tinofanira kutaura kuti pane imwe nhanho yekushanduka-shanduka kunomuka chimwe chinhu chinogona kunzi rudo. Chii chinganzi rudo? Kubatana kune mumwe nemumwe, nekuti, sezvandambokuudza, zvepabonde uye rudo zvinhu zvakasiyana zvachose. Uye, ngatiti, kune mhuka, marudzi akawanda ehove uye kunyange shiri, somuenzaniso, storks, dzine peya, peya yakagadzikana. Uye kubva kunze zvingaita sekuti shuramurove ndivo vakanyanya kutendeka uye vanyoro vakaroora. Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo, muchato wavo wakavakirwa pakubatana nedendere rimwe chete (kureva kuti, vakaroorana vanosungirirwa kune dendere, kwete kune mumwe nemumwe). Pamwe ndingatogumbura vamwe vanoona nezverudo ndichiti shuramurove hadzitombozivi mumwe wadzo nekuona. Havana zvakawanda zvavanoziva zvekuti ukangochinja shuramurove uchiisa imwe, murume kana mukadzi haatombofungi kuti pakaitwa chitsotsi. Uye kana muchirimo shuramurove inoshamisa ikasvika padendere pamberi pemukadzi wepamutemo, ipapo murume haazooni chero chinhu. Ichokwadi, mudzimai wepamutemo, pakudzoka, achadzorera kodzero dzake kunzvimbo, uye kumurume (kunze kwekuti, chokwadi, anoramba ari mupenyu mushure mekufamba kwakaoma).
Alexander Gordon: Ndiko kuti, kamwe kumba, ipapo kwangu.
ML Butovskaya: Ehe. Zvese, hapana chimwe, hapana zvakabatanidzwa uye manzwiro. Naizvozvo, zvinoitika kuti chete apo kuzivikanwa kwomunhu oga uye rudo rwomunhu oga kunomuka, rudo runomuka. Somuenzaniso, grey geese, iyo K. Lawrence akanyora zvakawanda, sezviri pachena anoziva kuti rudo chii. Vanoziva vadiwa vavo nechitarisiko uye nezwi uye vane ndangariro yakasarudzika yemufananidzo we "mudiwa". Kunyangwe mushure mekuparadzana kwenguva refu, vakaroorana vanosarudza rudo rwekare. Chokwadi, maprimate ane rudo. Ava vanogona kunge vari vaviri vakaroorana, vanogona kusapedza hupenyu hwavo hwese vari pamwe chete, vanogona kusagara vakaroorana nemudiwa mumwe chete, asi kune zvakare zvakasiyana zvavanoda muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Uye zvido izvi zvinoramba zviripo. Vaya vanodanana vanopedza nguva yakawanda vari pamwe chete, kunyange kunze kwemwaka wokuberekana.
Pano, semuenzaniso, mhando dzetsoko dzeNyika Yekare neNyika Itsva dzava kuoneka pachiratidziri. Semuenzaniso, titi zvino zvinoratidzwa, avo vanopedza hupenyu hwavo hwose mumudzimai mumwe chete, pamwe chete. Zviripachena kuti murume nemukadzi vanozivana, kuti vakanamatirana uye vanoshuvira kufa kwewavakaroorana naye. Nemamwe mashoko, vanodanana. Tingave tichida kana kuti kwete, haigoni kunzi chimwe chinhu kunze kworudo. Uye rudo urwu chisikwa chemhindumupindu. Uye zvino tamarins yegoridhe inoratidzwa. Zvemagariro masisitimu umo mapara maviri echigarire akaumbwa anobatanidzwa nehunhu hwehupenyu uye kuberekana kwemhando dzeprimate. Tsoko dzeNyika Itsva dzinowanzobereka mapatya, uye kuitira kuti vaduku vararame, kuedza nguva dzose kwaamai nababa kunodiwa. Baba vanotakura, vanodyisa uye vanodzivirira vana pamwe chete nehadzi: kune primates, kuzvipira kwechirume kwakadaro hakuwanzo. Zvinoitika kuti rudo runoshanduka kuitira kuchengetedza hukama hwechigarire pakati pemurume nemukadzi uye nokudaro kupa mukana mukuru wekupona kwemwana.
Uko, toti, hapana kubatana kwechigarire, sezvakaita chimpanzi, munhu anogonawo kuona zvimwe zvaanofarira pakati pevarume vane vakadzi vakati wandei nehadzi dzine shamwari dzechirume dzinoverengeka. Ichokwadi, kusangana kunoitika, kazhinji, nekusingaperi, kune humwe huhure. Zvisinei, pakunyatsocherechedza, munhu anogona kuona kuti imwe mukono inowanzogovana nyama neimwe hadzi nebeche rayo, kana kuti inotamba neimwe mwana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, sezvakaita gorilla, chinhu ichi chinoitika, pane hukama hunogara huripo pakati pemurume nevakadzi vakati wandei, uye urwu ndirwo rudo. Vakadzi vanokwikwidzana, havadanani, asi vose vakanamatira kumurume, uye vose vane murume uyu nekuda kwavo. Kana njodzi ikaitika kumurume, vanochema uye vanowira mukuora mwoyo chaiko. Mumamiriro e polygyny, rudo runogoneka zvakare.
Saka, sezviri pachena, zvakaipa kumutsa mubvunzo wokuti rudo rwakamuka rini uye sei mumunhu? Hazvina kumuka, zvakagarwa nhaka kubva kumadzitateguru ake emhuka uye akakudziridzwa pahwaro hwakasimba kwazvo. Uye, sezvingabvira, hukama hwose uhwu hwechigarire, vangava vakaroorana kana kuti hukama hunobatanidzwa nenhengo dzinoverengeka dzechirume chakasiyana, dzose dzine chokuita nokudiwa kwokutarisira vana. Mumadzitateguru emunhu, mwana akaberekwa asina kukura kana kuti asina kukura, aifanira kuchengetwa, vose baba naamai vaidiwa. Kana paiva naamai mumwe chete, saka, maererano naizvozvo, mukana wekupona kwevana waive wakanyanya kuderedzwa kusvika zero. Saka zvinozoitika kuti pamambakwedza ekuti, mutsara wehominin, ndiko kuti, mutsara wakatungamira kumunhu, mamwe maviri echigarire, akawanda kana mashoma akadzikama akatanga kuumba. Asi kutaura pamusoro pekuti hwaiva hukama hwemurume mumwe chete, se, semuenzaniso, kunoratidzwa pano, nekuti yaive pfungwa yeumwe weanthropologist akadzidza Australopithecus (Lovejoy), kana kuti yaive barika - a varume nevakadzi vakati wandei, mubvunzo uyu unoramba une nharo uye uchiri kushamisa. Kunyangwe dzimwe nhaurirano pamusoro peizvi dzingatoitwa. Uyezve, ndinofunga, tichataurawo pamusoro peizvi muchirongwa ichi.
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti, mumutemo, iyo yose hurongwa hwehukama hwehukama hwakasungirirwa kumwana uye kubereka muhuwandu. Ichokwadi ndechokuti kune chimiro chakaoma chebiochemical, physiological side ye rudo - rutivi rworudo maererano nemurume kana murume mupfungwa yakafara, kana tichitaura nezvemhuka, uye rutivi rworudo rwunotungamirirwa kumwana. . Apo mwana anoberekwa, miitiro yomuviri yakaoma inoitika mumuviri womukadzi iyo inonyandura kuda kwake mwana. Zvisinei, mukadzi anotanga kuda mwana kare kare, kunyange paanenge ari mudumbu (uye kubva muvhiki dzokutanga dzepamuviri, ushamwari hwepedyo hunotangwa pakati paamai nomwana). Baba havafungidzire kuda mwana pane physiological level, rudo rwavo runoumbwa mukusangana nemwana. Anofanira kutarisira mwana uye kugara achitaurirana naye, ipapo chete kunzwa kwekunamatira kumwana kunouya uye rudo runosimbiswa.
VaJapan vave vachiziva kwemazana emakore kuti chisungo pakati paamai nemwana chinoumbwa mudumbu. Hechino chinyorwa chekare cheJapan chinoenzanisira mitemo yekurukurirano pakati pomukadzi ane pamuviri nomwana ari mudumbu. Anorayira kuti anofanira kumudzidzisa sei uye kumujairira kumitemo yetsika dzakanaka kunyange asati aberekwa. Nomuzvarirwo, izvi hazvipiwiwo kuna baba. Asi kana baba vari pedyo nomudzimai wavo, ane pamuviri, uye vachimubatsira, ipapo imwe mhando yakanaka, mamiriro ekunze akanaka kumwana anotangwa pano.
Nokudaro, iyi gadziriro yose yorudo, kwete bonde, asi rudo, yakabatanidzwa nokuchengetwa kwoushamwari hwenguva dzose, hwakasimba pakati pomukadzi nomurume. Rudo haruna, hongu, pasina godo, nokuti, mumutemo, hapana rudo rusina hutsinye, hapana rudo pasina kukwikwidzana pakati pevamiririri vepabonde rimwe chete kune mumwe wavo. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika kumarudzi akawanda emhuka. Uye Bitstrup akacherechedza chiitiko chimwe chete mune imwe yemakatuni ake. Mudiwa anowedzera kunaka kana achifarira kune dzimwe nhengo dzepabonde sewe. Toti murume anopfimba mukadzi orambwa. Asi paanongoona kuti murume uyu ave kudiwa nevamwe vakadzi, anobva angomhanyira kurwira muyemurwi akarambwa. Sei? Iyi inyaya inonetsa. Muchokwadi, kune tsananguro yesainzi yeizvi. Nokuti mukati mepfungwa yekusarudzwa kwepabonde uye kusarudzwa kwehutano hwepabonde, murume nemukadzi, pane imwe paradigm maererano neiyo munhu anofanira kusarudza mudiwa akakosha kune vamwe (zviri pachena kuti ane hunhu hunokosha huri kudzingirirwa nevamwe vamiririri verudzi urwu. )
Alexander Gordon: Ndiko kuti, vakasarudzwa nevamwe.
ML Butovskaya: Hongu, nheyo ndeiyi: sarudza munhu anoda nhengo dzakawanda dzepabonde dzakafanana newe, nokuti inonyanya kuvimbika. Zvakanaka, hongu (ndatotanga kutaura pamusoro peizvi), kutanga neAustralopithecus, pane hurongwa hwezvimwe zvido uye hukama pakati pevarume nevakadzi, asi kunewo kugoverwa kwemabasa. Uye uku kugoverwa kwemabasa kunewo chikamu chine chekuita nerudo. Nemhaka yokuti kune mhuri, kune kupatsanurwa kwebasa: mukadzi anogara achitarisira vana, nokuti ari kutakura mwana uyu, anopedza nguva shoma pane imwe nzvimbo kunze kwemusha wake kana imwe nzvimbo yekugara zvachose, ari kuita mukuunganidza. Murume ndiye muvhimi, murume anounza mhuka kumba.
Kunyangwe pano mamiriro ekuvhima haasi nyore, nekuti pane mubvunzo: sei achiunza nyama iyi? Munzanga dzakawanda dzevavhimi, vakadzi ndivo vanonyanya kuriritira. Vanounza midzi, mhuka duku dzavanobata. Varume vanoenda kunovhima vachiuya nenyama. Uye inopembererwa neboka rose remuvhimi semhando yekukunda. Kutaura zvazviri, kana tikatendeukira kuhama dzedu dzepedyo - chimpanzi, tichaona kuti ikoko, zvakare, varume vanowanzowana nyama uye vanoiwana kwete chete nokuti inonaka, asi vanoiwana kuitira kukwezva vakadzi. Hadzi dzinopemha nyama iyi, uye varume vanowana mukana kune vakadzi vanogamuchira pabonde iye zvino vachichinjana nenyama iyi. Naizvozvo, mubvunzo wekuti sei munhu ane hunyanzvi hwekuvhima hausi nyore uye hauna bhanari. Zvichida yakanga iri rudzi rwekusangana kwekuratidzira kuitira kukwezva vanhukadzi uye kumisa imwe mhando yakagadzikana yekubatana nehadzi chaiyo, kureva, nevakadzi vekare.
Alexander Gordon: Nzira inoenda kumwoyo womukadzi iri nomudumbu.
ML Butovskaya: Hongu, takajaira kuti nzira yemoyo yemurume inopinda nemudumbu, asi kumukadzi zvakare, kuburikidza nedumbu rake nevana vake. Zvingangodaro, vana, kutanga, kunyange kwaari, nokuti kana asingakwanisi kubereka mwana mudumbu kubva nenzara, ipapo hapazovi nevana.
Uye nei, chaizvoizvo, mapeya anogara achidiwa? Nemhaka yokuti mhuka zhinji hadzina mbiri dzechigarire, tsoko huru (chimpanzi, bonobos). Saka, dzinodiwa nokuti munhu anowedzera nguva yenguva yokushaya zvokuita kwomucheche. Maererano nechimiro chakarurama, kubereka kunowedzera kuoma, nokuti musoro we "fetus" unopfuura nemugero rekuzvarwa remukadzi ane dambudziko rakakura. Zvose izvi zvine chokuita nechimiro chakatwasuka. Kazhinji, bipedalism yakatiunzira zvakawanda zvinobatsira, uye munhu akazova munhu, zvichida nekuda kwekuti akamira pamakumbo maviri, dzimwe shanduko dzose dzakabva dzaenderera mberi dzichiwedzera. Uye kana iri dambudziko uye matambudziko ane chokuita nekufamba kwakarurama, aya ndeaya: mitsipa inorwara, munhu wose anotambura neradiculitis, kutama kwe vertebrae; uye, chokwadi, kubereka. Nekuti hazviwanzo kuitika kuti, toti, chimpanzee yechikadzi kana orangutan yechikadzi haigone kubereka, asi kazhinji izvi zvinoitika nemunhu, chaizvo nekuti musoro wemwana, kureva mwana, wakakura, uye nekuti kazhinji nzira yekuzvara inorwadza chaizvo uye inotora nguva refu.
Saka, mwana anoberekwa asina kukura zvachose, haakwanisi kunamatira kumukadzi nenzira iyo, toti, chimpanzi chichangobva kuberekwa chinonamatira kuna amai vake. Nokudaro, mumwe munhu anofanira kutarisira mukadzi, mumwe munhu anofanira kunge ari pedyo, anofanira kunge ari murume, uye anofanira kusunga murume uyu kune imwe nzira. Angamusunga seiko kwaari? Rudo chete, nekuti hapana anogona kusunga chero munhu nechisimba kana maererano nebasa. Vanoverengeka veanthropologist vanotenda kuti vanhu vekare vaisaziva kuti vana vanobva kupi, uye hapana aifarira madzibaba chaiwo. Muzvokwadi, kuitira kuti uite nenzira inogadzirisa, hazvidikanwi zvachose kuziva zvikonzero zvechokwadi zvehumwe hunhu. Mhuka dzinoita zvakakwana mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru, uye zviito zvavo hazvireverwi nekuziva.
Ini ndinofunga kuti kushanduka-shanduka kwakagadzira nzira yakagadzikana muchimiro cherudo rwekuzvarwa urwu, iyo yakavimbisa kugara kwekubatana kwevarume nevakadzi, murume mumwechete ane mukadzi mumwechete kana murume ane vakadzi vakati wandei, kana varume vakati wandei nemukadzi mumwe, tichataura nezvazvo. gare gare. Asi chokwadi chinoramba chiripo. Uko vana vanoonekwa, panofanira kunge paine imwe mhando yekubatana kwechigarire, vaviri kana vanhu vakati wandei vebonde nemumwe murume, ndiko kuti, nemukadzi, nekuti mwana anofanira kuchengetwa. Uye ichi chinoramba chiri rudzi rwepostulate, iyo yakatsigirwa nekusarudzwa kwemamiriyoni emakore. Ikoku, kutaura idi, wakanga uri mumwe wemitsara inovimbisa waibvumira munhu kurarama ndokurarama. Uye mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaenderera mberi kusvika nhasi. Uye zvisungo zvenguva refu pakati pemurume nemukadzi zvakasimbiswa kwete chete nenyaya yekuti kushanduka-shanduka kwakasarudza murume nemukadzi vakada mumwe nemumwe, asiwo nehunhu hwemurume nemukadzi.
Wese munhu anoziva kuti kune nguva dzekurarisa, toti, mumhara, kana nguva dzekuberekesa mumatatya. Mazhinji maprimates, kana maapes makuru, haana mwaka wekubereka, anokwanisa kubereka gore rose. Iri raive danho rekutanga kuenda kumamiriro ezvinhu akaita kuti kuve nechokwadi chekusimba murudo. Nekuti pano paive nekusanganiswa kwerudo nebonde kuita imwe yepedyo, yakabatana system. Nokuti, taura, mune imwechete grey geese, kune misiyano pakati perudo uye zvepabonde. Vakaroorana vari muvakaroorana vakasungwa nemhiko yemuchato, kunonzi mhere yokukunda, vanonamata. Vanobatanidzwa uye vanopedza nguva vari pamwe chete nguva dzose, asi pane mwaka mumwe chete wokuberekana pagore, uye vanopinda muvatano chete panguva iyi. Tsoko, sevanhu, dzinokwanisa kubereka gore rose, uye dzinoita zvepabonde kwegore rose, kwete chete kana hadzi inogamuchira. Chokwadi, mune zvimwe zviitiko, somuenzaniso, inorondedzerwa nokuda kwe<em>bonobos ( pygmy chimpanzee ), dzinogona kukwira ndokunakidzwa nokusangana, kunyange kunze kwenguva yokunambwa kwehadzi. Ndiko, mune mamwe mazwi, zvisikwa zvinopa nerubatsiro rwepabonde hukama uhwu uye kufarira mukugara uchisangana pakati pemurume nemukadzi.
Kana zvichibvira, ndapota furemu inotevera. Iye zvino tichaona, uye izvi zvakakosha zvikuru, kuti kwete chete maitiro evarume nevakadzi akachinja, maererano, asi chitarisiko chavo chakachinja, nokuti, mumutemo, mukadzi chete ndiye akatanga mazamu uye mahudyu. Makumbo makuru, ayo ari pedyo nesu mumaitiro avo, mumutemo, haana mazamu, kunyange kana achiyamwisa mwana mucheche. Kune varume, ichi chiratidzo chakakosha, chiratidzo chinokwezva. Uye ichi ndicho chinhu chakasikwa nekushanduka-shanduka, apo munhu akaumbwa, paakanga atoshandura kune nzira yemakumbo maviri ehupenyu. Kukura kwezamu remukadzi kwaiita kuti mukadzi akwezve murume zvachose. Kunze kwenguva yekugamuchira haina kuderera kupfuura panguva yekugamuchira.
Mufananidzo unotevera, kana zvichibvira. Izvo zvinofanirwa kutaurwa nezve maficha echirume morphology uye physiology. Ichokwadi ndechokuti mune dzimwe parameters, somuenzaniso, ukuru hwema testicles, murume, mumutemo, anoswedera kune iyo tsoko dzinotungamirira mararamiro epabarika, somuenzaniso, gorilla. Zvisineyi, varume vane mboro yakarebesa, kazhinji haina analogues zvichienzaniswa nemamwe maape makuru. Uye hechino chimwe chakavanzika. Zvingave zviri nyore kutaura kuti munhu ane barika uyo, pakutanga kwenhoroondo yake, aifarira kurarama hupenyu hwevakadzi.
Asi zvinhu hazvisi nyore, nekuti iyi nhengo refu uye kugona kutaurwa kwembeu yemurume kukwikwidza, kuuraya urume hunoshanda hweanokwikwidza muchikamu chemukadzi, zvinonyanya kuratidza kuti pane mamiriro ekushanduka, uye zvakaitika. nguva zhinji kana kakati wandei ichidzokororwa kusvirana nemukadzi mumwechete nevarume vakati wandei. Panyaya iyi, murume akahwina (kuva baba) ndiye ane urume hwaiva hwakasimba uye huchikwanisa kuuraya urume hwomuvengi uye kubvisa urume uhu panhengo yokubereka nayo yomukadzi. Saka pane mhando yekuenzanisa pano.
Ichokwadi ndechokuti munharaunda dzemazuva ano, sezvineiwo, kwete mumaindasitiri, asi nzanga dzisati dzatanga maindasitiri, mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro zvokuti anenge 83% yetsika dzose itsika umo barika rinobvumirwa, uye barika rakafanana nebarika, uko kune vakadzi vakawanda. uye murume mumwe. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvingaita sokuti anotaura nezveimwe nzira yokutanga, zvichida yaidiwa, umo murume aiva nevadiwa vechigarire vakati wandei. Zvisinei, pane chikamu chenzanga umo monogamy iripo (16%), iyi inharaunda yakaita seyedu yekuRussia uye chero nzanga yekuMadokero. Asi kune zvakare chikamu chidiki chevanhu, vanenge 0,5 muzana yevose vanozivikanwa nzanga, uko polyandry inoitwa. Uye ipapo tiri kutaura nezve chokwadi chekuti pane kubatana pakati pemukadzi mumwechete nevarume vakati wandei. Izvi zvinoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyanyisa, apo mhoteredzo yakashata zvikuru, uye kazhinji kazhinji ava varume vashomanene ihama, asi aya ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana.
Zvisinei, ndinoda kuratidza kuti munhu anofanorongerwa kumhando dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza. Uye anofamba kubva kune rumwe rudzi rwekubatanidza kune rumwe nyore nyore, zvose zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu emagariro evanhu, ehupfumi uye ezvakatipoteredza anokunda munyaya iyi. Naizvozvo, avo vanoedza kubvunza vezvemigariro mubvunzo unenge usina kururama: chii chakanga chiri gadziriro yapakuvamba yevatano pakati pavarume navakadzi pakutanga kwemhindumupindu? Ndinovimbisa kutaura kuti, zvichida, zvaive zvakasiyana, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze. Munhu ari pasi rose, uye ari pasi rose, uye pamusana peizvi, anogona kugadzira marudzi akasiyana-siyana emagariro evanhu uye marudzi akasiyana ehukama hwewanano.
Zvisinei, ndinoda kutaura kuti kune misiyano mukusarudzwa kwevakaroorana uye maitiro ehutano hwepabonde, pamwero werudo muvarume nevakadzi. Kunyangwe, chokwadika, zvichibva pamisimboti yezviverengero, avhareji yenhamba yevarume nevakadzi inogara yakasiyana, zvinoonekwa kuti imwe nhamba yepamusoro pezana yevarume vane vadiwa vakawanda vepabonde kupfuura vakadzi vanonyanya kubudirira mune izvi. maererano nenhamba yevadikani pabonde. Chokwadika, vamwe varume munzanga kazhinji kazhinji vanonyimwa varoorani, nepo vanenge vakadzi vose vanopinda muroorano. Naizvozvo, pano sisitimu haina kunyatsojeka uye yakaenzana.
Alexander Gordon: Imwe zvese, imwe hapana.
ML Butovskaya: Nokudaro makwikwi, saka kusiyana kwemaitiro ehutano hwepabonde pakati pevarume nevakadzi. Nokuti varume, chaizvoizvo, uye vakadzi chibereko chekusarudzwa kwepabonde, izvo zvino, chaizvoizvo, tinofanira kutaura maererano nerudo. Sarudzo yebonde haina kunyatsofanana nesarudzo yechisikigo, uye kazhinji inoburitsa humwe hunhu husina kunyatsoenderana nekurarama kwemunhu. Tose tinofungidzira miswe yemapikoko, mapapiro marefu eshiri dzeparadhiso dzinodzivisa varidzi vadzo kubhururuka. Zvingaita sezvisina maturo, asi chokwadi ndechekuti pane makwikwi akavanzika pakati pevarume. Havana kurwisana, vachikwikwidzana nevakadzi, asi vanokwikwidzana pasina, asi vakadzi ndivo vanosarudza zvepabonde.
Iwe unogona kubvunza kuti izvi zvese zvinei nemunhu, nekuti isu tese tajaira kufunga muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva izvo varume vanosarudza. Kutaura zvazviri, vakadzi vanosarudza. Nokudaro, mumutemo, kusarudzwa kwepabonde mune iyi fomu, iyo yandiri kutaura iye zvino, inoshandawo pakutsanangura chiitiko chekuumbwa kwekusingaperi, kwakagadzikana vaviri vaviri muvanhu.
Zvisinei, ndiani anotanga kusarudza uye anotanga kukwikwidza akabatanidzwa neinonzi chiyero chepabonde chekushanda. The operational sex ratio is an un stable situation, isystem inoshanduka zvichienderana nezvinoitika munharaunda. Dzimwe nguva kune vakadzi vakawanda kupfuura varume. Ini, zvinosuruvarisa, ndinofanira kutaura kuti hurongwa uhwu hwakafanana neRussia, hwakanga huri hwekare kune yaimbova Soviet Union, nokuti takarasikirwa nevarume vakawanda munguva yehondo. Nokudaro, makwikwi pakati pevakadzi kune varume mumamiriro ezvinhu aya akanga akakwirira kudarika munyika idzodzo dzisina kurasikirwa nevarume. Munyika dzakawanda dzakadzikama, umo musati mava nehondo, kazhinji kazhinji, zvikurukuru mutsika dzechivanhu, reshiyo iri mukutsigira varume. Uye ipapo makwikwi pakati pevarume akakwirira. Iyi sisitimu yakajairika kune dzimwe nyika dzechinyakare senyika dzeArab East seChina neJapan.
Asi kunyange pano, mamiriro ezvinhu ose aya anokurudzirwa netsika, maererano nezvavanojaira kugara vachidzora chiyero chepabonde munzanga nenzira dzekugadzira, kureva, kuuraya vacheche. Vanouraya vacheche, toti, kuChina, India. Vakauraya kwete vacheche chete, asi vasikana chete. Uye saka zvakazoitika kuti kune nguva dzose kune varume vakawanda munzanga, kukwikwidzana pakati pavo kwakakwirira. Muchivanhu, anenge mukadzi wese anowana wekuroora, kunyangwe aine hutsinye uye akaderera, asi haasi murume wese anowana mukana wekuwana mukadzi. Uye mukana wekuwana wekuroorana naye unogamuchirwa chete neavo vanomira kunze kwematarenda avo kana kuti vanogona kumupa mari. Nemamwe mashoko, uyo anogona kuvimbisa upenyu uye kugara zvakanaka kwomudzimai wake nevana.
Iye zvino ndinoda kutaura kuti, mumutemo, pane imwe kuwirirana pakati pekusarudza kwevakaroorana kwakavakirwa pamusimboti wekuvimbika uye pamusimboti wehumwe hunhu. Uhu humwe humwe hunhu hunotaridzika, uhwu hutano uye humwe hunhu, taura, nezve immune system, semuenzaniso, kugadzikana kweiyo immune system, iyo inobvumidza iwe kurarama uko kune hutachiona hwakasimba, semuenzaniso, nemaparasite kana hutachiona. Nokudaro, mumutemo, mamiriro ezvinhu anowanikwa umo vakadzi kana vakadzi, kana tichitaura nezvemhuka, vanogona kusarudza shamwari dzavo, vachitungamirirwa nemitemo yakasiyana. Kana isu tichitaura pamusoro pekusarudza mudiwa wekusingaperi, saka kutanga kune vose vachasarudza "madzibaba akanaka" avo vachatarisira vana, kutarisira mukadzi uye kuisa mari muvana nevakadzi. Kana isu tichitaura nezvehukama hwenguva pfupi, kazhinji kazhinji ivo vachasendamira kune "majeni akanaka", ivo vachasarudza varume vanotakura iwo majini anogona kuita kuti vana vemukadzi uyu vave neutano uye vakasimba. Vanakomana vevarume vakadaro vachava vakwikwidzi vanobudirira kuti vawanewo vadzimai vakanaka. Uye vanasikana vachave vakagwinya uye vakasimba uye vachakwanisa kubereka vana zvinobudirira.
Imwezve ruzivo rwekuda kuziva. Unosarudza sei shamwari dzako? Vadiwa vanofanira kufanana kune mumwe nemumwe here kana kuti vanofanira kusiyana? Zvinowanzotaurwa kuti vadiwa vakafanana. Iwo chaiwo akafanana paurefu, muhungwaru, maererano nehungwaru. Asi mubvunzo ndewokuti, kufanana, semuenzaniso, muchitarisiko, kana kushamwaridzana muukama, nokuti dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti mune dzimwe tsika michato pakati pevazukuru vechipiri kana kunyange vazukuru vokutanga vanokunda? Saka, chokwadi ndechokuti, mumutemo, kushanduka-shanduka kwakatungamirira sarudzo yayo kuti ive nechokwadi chokuti iyo inonzi heterozygosity yevana yakakunda. Uye heterozygosity inogona kuitika chete kana vakaroorana vakasiyana, uye, pamusoro pezvose, zvakasiyana mune izvo zvinonzi histocompatibility complex. Nemhaka yokuti chaizvoizvo heterozygosity inobvumira zvizvarwa zvinotevera kurarama uye kugadzikana, zvakagadzirira kurwiswa kwezvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana.
Alexander Gordon: Nezve phenotype inopa pfungwa yekuti genetically mudiwa wako akasiyana newe.
ML Butovskaya: Ndinoreva, kuzviziva sei, kuzviziva sei?
Alexander Gordon: Mushure mezvose, nzira chete yekusiyanisa munhu ari pedyo mu genotype kubva kune iri kure ndeye phenotype, kureva kuti, inotaridzika sei. Ndine bvudzi rakatsvuka, ane bvudzi rakasviba, zvichingodaro.
ML Butovskaya: Hongu, chokwadi wakarurama.
Alexander Gordon: Uye pane sarudzo yakadaro here?
ML Butovskaya: Hongu, pane imwe nheyo yekusarudza. Asi musimboti wekusarudza hauna kufanana nezvaunotaura, nekuti kana nzanga iyi iine homogeneous, toti, tsika imwe chete, semuenzaniso, maChinese, ipapo pane kazhinji chiedza nerima. Rudzi rwebvudzi rinenge rakafanana. Asi kune mamwe maitiro - mhino yakaonda, kana mhino yakakochekera, chiso chakafara. Kana, semuenzaniso, nzeve - huru kana duku.
Nheyo yacho ndeyokuti pane mamwe maitiro ekusarudzwa kwechitarisiko, tichazotaura pamusoro peizvi zvishoma gare gare, izvo zvinokutendera kuti usarudze vadyidzani ava. Vamwe vakaroorana vanozonyanya kukwezva kupfuura vamwe. Uye, zvisingaite, kukwezva uku kunosanganisira seti yezviratidzo, kusanganisira kunhuhwirira. Kwenguva yakareba zvakatendwa kuti munhu haaiti zvachose kune zviratidzo zvekunhuwa. Asi kana toreva nezvorudo nokukwezva, pano pfungwa yedu yokunhuwidza inoshanda pamwe chete nomumhuka dzakawanda. Isu tinowanzo sarudza shamwari inonhuwira. Asi isu hatizivi izvi, nokuti, mumutemo, maonero epheromones chinhu chisingaoneki chinonzwisiswa neuropi hwedu, asi munhu haazivi kuti anonzwa kunhuwa uku. Mapheromone epabonde anowanikwa muvarume nevakadzi. Saizvozvo, ivo vanochinja cyclically muvakadzi, uye pano zvinongoratidzwa sei kuedza zvinogoneka kuona kunhuwa kwemudiwa anokwezva. Izvi zviedzo zvakaitwa nevandinoshanda navo vekuAustria. Mufananidzo wacho unoratidza kuti vasikana vanoyera sei kukwezva kwekunhuhwirira kwevarume vakasiyana. Zvinoitika kuti varume vanonhuhwirira vanokwezva kuvakadzi vanonyanya kukwezva muchitarisiko.
Alexander Gordon: Kureva kuti varume ava vakaunzwa kwaari, uye aifanira kudaro?
ML Butovskaya: Hongu Hongu. Ndiko kuti, muchokwadi, iyo sexier kunhuhwirira kwemuviri, iyo yakakwirira yekunze kukwezva, kubatana kwakananga. Uyezve, inowedzera panguva iyo mukadzi ari munguva ye ovulation, apo kubata pamuviri kunowanzoitika. Ndiko kuti, chaizvoizvo, tinofanira kutaura kuti pane nzira yakashandiswa nekushanduka-shanduka, uye iyi nzira inoramba ichishanda nesimba muvanhu, pasinei nokuti tinoda kana kwete. Asi panguva ino, hongu, kune kukanganisa kwemaitiro echisikigo ezvinhu zvakabatana nekushandiswa kwekudzivirira pamuviri. Nekuti panoitwa nzira dzekudzivirira kubata pamuviri, kubatwa kwemukadzi kunokanganisika, anotanga kuona zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana nezvaakaitirwa. Asi, nenzira, zvinopesana zvichave zvakare zvechokwadi, nokuti varume vanoona mukadzi seanokwezva, pasinei nechitarisiko chake, paanenge ari munguva ye ovulation.
Alexander Gordon: Apo maitiro ake epheromones anochinja.
ML Butovskaya: Ehe. Ichokwadi ndechokuti varume vangave vasingazivi izvi - zvinoratidzika kuti mukadzi haana kunaka zvachose, uye zvingaita sokuti havana kumbomuteerera, asi kamwe kamwe murume anonzwa kuti anotanga kumuda pabonde. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika panguva yekubuda kwake. Asi nekushandiswa kwekudzivirira kubata pamuviri, zvose izvi zvepheromone magic zvakaputsika, uye capulins (iyo inonzi feromones yevakadzi) haibudiswi muhuwandu uye muchimiro chakakosha kuitira kuti chive chinokwezva. Nokudaro, zvinoratidzika kuti mishonga yekudzivirira yemuromo inowanzokanganisa iyo yose yechisikigo uye yakasikwa hurongwa hwekukwezva pakati pepabonde, iyo yakagadzirwa kwemamiriyoni emakore.
Alexander Gordon: Murume anonzwa mukadzi asingabereki here?
ML Butovskaya: Zviri pachena kuti hongu. Kazhinji, zvinhu zvose zvinotarisirwa kuona kuti murume anosiya vana, ndicho chikonzero achasarudza shamwari dzinonyanya kufadza. Uye ndiani anonyanya kukwezva? Chokutanga pane zvose, pane nzira iyo murume anotsanangura nayo vakadzi sevanokwezva - varume vose vachati mukadzi uyu anokwezva.
Uye pano, semhando yemhando, ndinogona kudoma mienzaniso miviri, yatichataura nezvayo. Iyi ndiyo Vertinskaya, uye iyi ndiyo Lanovoy, nokuti inopindirana nemamwe mazano ayo munhu anogona kuziva maitiro ekukwezva kwechiso chemurume nemukadzi. Kuvarume, shaya ine sikweya inokwezva, sezvinonyatsoonekwa muLanovoy, ine simba, yakanyatsotsanangurwa uye yakanyatsoumbwa, yakabudikira chirebvu, muromo nhete asi wakafara une miromo nhete, uye mhino yakabudikira. Heano maprofiles ekuratidza. Tsiye dzakaderera uye dzakanyatsotwasuka, maziso madiki, uye akakwirira, akanyatsotsanangurwa cheekbones.
Kune vakadzi, chimiro chechiso chinokwezva chakasiyana zvakanyanya, nekuti pano tiri kutaura nezve mitsetse yakatenderedzwa, yakapfava contours, miromo yakazara uye maziso makuru. Uye, hongu, nezve convex, infantile huma, zvishoma yainzi triangular chin. Mutsika dzose, aya maitiro erunako rwemurume nemukadzi anoramba akamira, zvisinei nekuti vanhu vemuAfrica kana maMongoloid. Zvose izvi zvinhu zvakajairika.
Heano anoratidzwa akati wandei echirume neechikadzi mapikicha akajairwa, ese Mongoloids uye Europiods. Kuita kuti zviso zvive vanhukadzi uye kuita kuti zviso zvevarume zviitwe nekombiyuta. Zvakazoitika kuti kana mukadzi ari panguva yekukwira ovulation, anofarira zviso zvechirume zvakanyanya. Mune dzimwe nguva dzese dzekutenderera, anoda zvakanyanya zviso zvechirume zvechikadzi.
Nokudaro, mubvunzo wekuti mukadzi anosarudza ani uye ndeupi zviso zvevarume zvaanoda, mumutemo, zvinofanira kuiswa seizvi: rini, panguva ipi yekutenderera anovada? Nokuti pane imwe mutsauko pano, uye musiyano hausi usimbe, nokuti kana tichitaura pamusoro pevatakuri vemajini akanaka, saka, zvichida, tinofanira kusarudza chiso chemurume. Kana tichitaura pamusoro pekusarudza baba vakanaka, uye munharaunda yemazuva ano izvi zvinonyanya kukosha, saka mumamiriro ezvinhu aya unoda kusarudza mumwe munhu ane maitiro echikadzi, nokuti, zvichida, achava baba vakanaka, vanovimbika, vane hanya.
Iye zvino pamusoro pekuti kune symmetry yechiso. Zviso zvine mazinga akaderera ekuchinja asymmetry zvinonyanya kukwezva kune vese varume nevakadzi. Naizvozvo, pamusimboti, pane imwezve pfungwa iyo shanduko yakasarudza yakanaka yevarume nevakadzi mifananidzo. Sezvo mimba ingangosvika inoswedera, zviso zvechirume, zvine maasymmetries mashoma anochinja, zvinowedzera kukwezva kuvakadzi.
Ini handisi kutaura nezve kugarisana kwepfungwa izvozvi, izvi zvakanyanya kukosha, asi vanhu havafanire kufanana, uye vanhu vanofanirwa kuve nemamwe maitiro anoenderana neimwe stereotype inopa chiratidzo chezviratidzo zvekukwezva uye kubereka kwakafanana nebonde ravo. Nekuti pakushanduka-shanduka hazvina kukosha zvachose kuti vanhu vane njere vakasimukira sei, asi zvakakosha kuti vakasiya vana here kana kuti kwete. Nokuti mhuka inorega kusiya vana inofa. Pane mamwe maitiro ekusingaperi erunako.
Takataura nezvechiso, asi pane zvakare maitiro ekunaka kwemuviri wechikadzi. Kunyangwe tichizvida kana kusazvida, mamwe emaitiro aya anoramba akatsiga, kubva kumagariro echinyakare kuenda kune post-industrial society. Heino imwe yeaya mafananidzo echikadzi ane chiuno chakamanikana uye mahudyu akatenderedzwa, inova chiyero chekunaka muMiddle Ages, uye muRenaissance, uye, maererano, munguva yedu. Munhu wose achati, hongu, inoyevedza. Uye kune zvimiro zvechirume zvinonziwo zvinoyevedza (mapendekete akafara, mahudyu akamanikana). Mune nguva dzakawanda, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chezvipfeko zvevakadzi chaiva bhanhire rinosimbisa chiuno. Uye kune varume, maererano, mafudzi akafara uye mahudyu akamanikana, sezvinoonekwa mumufananidzo uyu weRenaissance, inoramba ichiyevedza nhasi, iyo inoratidzwa mufashoni yemazuva ano yevarume.
Chii chiri kuitika? Tinogona here kutaura kuti mufananidzo wakakodzera we, toti, chimiro chevakadzi chinoramba chakagadzikana kwemazana emakore? Kana kuti nzanga yepashure-maindasitiri zvechokwadi yakasasana nemidzi yaro, uye mhindumupindu haichashandi munzanga yedu zvokuti kunyange izvo zviratidzo izvo mhindumupindu yaikoshesa uye kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriyoni emakore zvino yarega kuchengetedzwa? Ngatitarisei. Sezvo uri murume, ndinokurudzira kuti uenzanise aya maprofiles e, chokwadi, manhamba echikadzi uye wotaura kuti ndeupi weaya manhamba anoratidzika kwauri anonyanya kutaridzika.
Alexander Gordon: Muboka rose?
ML Butovskaya: Kwete, sarudza imwe chete.
Alexander Gordon: Ndinoona vatatu. Uye vangani variko chaizvoizvo?
ML Butovskaya: Hongu, kune mitsara mitatu yavo, 4 mune imwe neimwe.
Alexander Gordon: Sei kusaita chikanganiso nesarudzo ...
ML Butovskaya: Huya, huya.
Alexander Gordon: Ndinofunga mutsara wechipiri ndiA.
ML Butovskaya: Chaizvo. Waiita kunge murume westand, zvese zvakarongeka nekuravira kwako, evolution haina kuzorora pauri, yakaramba ichiita. Muchokwadi, iyi ingori yakanyanya kunaka chimiro chevakadzi. Ndiko kuti, izere zvine mwero, asi ine optimal waist-to-hip reshiyo, chiuno chakamanikana uye yakafara mahudyu. Pano ini ndinoda kutarisisa kune rumwe ruzivo: nekuda kweiyo hype yenguva dzose mumapepanhau, kuramba uchitsvaga munhu akanaka anonzi akaonda chimiro, vakadzi vakatanga kukanganisa pfungwa yekuti zvinorevei kutaridzika zvakanaka. Nokudaro, vakadzi vanotenda kuti nhamba iyi iri nani.
Kureva kuti, ruzhinji rwevarume vekuMadokero vanosarudza mufananidzo wawakasarudza, uyu. Vazhinji vakadzi vekuMadokero, pamwe nevedu, sezvo takaita ongororo yakadai, sarudza iyi nhamba. Vanoda kuonekwa vakaonda kudarika varume. Ndiko kuti, chokwadi, vari kutotamba mutambo uyo, mumutemo, une mhedzisiro yakaipa pavari. Mukadzi mutete zvakanyanyisa ane dambudziko rekuzvara.
Zvino nhamba dzechirume. Uye pano, mumaonero ako, ndeupi mufananidzo unonyanya kukwezva? Zvechokwadi, iwe hausi mukadzi, asi kubva pakuona kwemurume.
Alexander Gordon: Pano ini ndinongofanira kubva kune zvakapesana, fungidzira chimiro chisingafanane neni chero nzira, uye sarudza. Ndinofunga kuti anofanira kunge ari murume wechitatu mumutsetse wechipiri, kwete.
ML Butovskaya: Hongu, uye heino iwe wakarurama. Kune vese vakadzi nevarume, iyi ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo. Uye zvino ndichakumbira mufananidzo unotevera. Ichokwadi ndechokuti pane imwe nguva Tatyana Tolstaya akanyora nyaya inoshamisa "90-60-90". Akainyora, senguva dzose, nekuseka. Uye sezvo aiwanzoshanya kuMadokero, sezviri pachena aigara achinzwa nezvepfungwa dzemhindumupindu dzazvino uno uye aisagona kuita asi kuita kune zvakanga zvichiitika nenzira yake amene.
Muchokwadi, kune imwe mhando yakagadzikana, kana iwe uchida, yegoridhe reshiyo. Iyo yakakwana chiuno-ku-hudyu reshiyo yevakadzi inosvika 0,68-0,7. Ichi chimiro chevakadzi chete, uye chiyero ichi hachisi mutero usina maturo kune fashoni, nokuti inotaura kuti mukadzi uyu metabolism uye endocrinology zvakarongeka, kuti mukadzi uyu achiri muduku uye anogona kubereka uye kubereka mwana akanaka. Nereshiyo iyi yechiuno kusvika muhudyu, mazinga ake eesrogen anofambirana nemaitiro ekutora mwana.
Kana vari varume, vane chiyero chakapesana chaicho, nekuti murume ane hutano anofanirwa kuve nereshiyo inosvika 0,9. Kana muvakadzi chiyero chechiuno kusvika muhudyu chinoshanduka chichienda kudivi revarume, saka tiri kutaura pamusoro pekuti metabolism yake inovhiringidzika uye huwandu hwehomoni dzevarume hunowedzera. Izvi zvinoreva, chaizvoizvo, izvi zvinoratidza kuti ane imwe mhando yehutano hwakanyanya hwe endocrinological, kana kuti atove akwegura uye ava kusvika kumwedzi. Nomuzvarirwo, ipapo, pakutanga kwekushanduka-shanduka kwedu, hapana akaenda kuna vanachiremba, pakanga pasina endocrinology, uye varume vaifanira kusarudza nechitarisiko kuti ndiani wavanofanira kubata naye uye ndiani wavaizogadzira hukama hwechigarire. Zera rehupenyu rakanga risingazivikanwewo. Zvisikwa zvakapa imwe pointer. Mudzimai mumwechete ane 0,68-0,7, ndiye akanyatsoita zvepabonde naye, unogona kutanga hukama naye. Mukuwedzera, zviri pachena kuti haana pamuviri. Saka paive pasina ngozi yekuti murume uyu achengete mwana wemumwe munhu.
Asi iyi reshiyo yechiuno-ku-hudyu inoramba iripo here? Uye kana nguva dzose kuMadokero vanotaura kuti chimwe chinhu chiri kuchinja muchimiro chechimiro chorunako, zvino chii chiri kuchinja? Vatsvagiri vakaita basa iri, maAmerican, boka reSinkha, vakaongorora mamwe akajairwa maparamita emuviri waMiss America, kutanga kubva kuma20s uye achipera angangoita mumazuva edu, aya aive ma90s. Zvakazoonekwa kuti huremu hwemuviri wevakadzi ava hwakashanduka, hwakadonha. Miss America, sezvauri kuona, vari kuonda. Asi ratio yechiuno kusvika muhudyu haina kuchinja. Yakanga yakagadzikana. Mafashoni haana simba pamusoro pezvitsvene zvezvitsvene zvekushanduka kwevanhukadzi.
Takataura nezvenyaya yekuti mazamu zvakare anoyevedza parameter, asi musimboti paive neimwe pfungwa yekuti vakadzi vebuxom mune dzimwe nguva vaiyevedza, mune dzimwe nguva vaikwezvwa nevakadzi vechidiki. Ndizvo chaizvo. Inongoratidza chiyero chekuputika kusvika muchiuno, kutanga kubva ku901 uye kupera negore rechi81. Tinogona kuienderera mberi, nekuti nemazuva edu yakagadzikana.
Saka, zvinoitika kuti, mumusimboti, panguva dzedzimwe njodzi, kushushikana, kugadziridzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, nzara, buxom, buxom mukadzi akauya mufashoni. Pakarepo kugadzikana, kugadzirisa hupfumi uye kukura kwakaitika, vakadzi vane ganda vane mazamu maduku vakatanga kubatanidzwa. Kunyangwe iyo chiuno-ku-hudyu ratio, sezvazvaive, ndinokuyeuchidza zvakare, yakaramba iri chiyero. Zvakare nguva yenhamo, hondo uye marudzi ose ezvinetso nezvokudya, zvakare mukadzi anepfava anouya mufashoni. Izvi, zvechokwadi, zvakavakirwa pamagazini ekuMadokero, sezvaunogona kuona, hapana kuongororwa pano kuRussia. Asi kubva kuma60s, ino yatova nguva yemahippies uye, kazhinji, budiriro yakakwana uye budiriro munharaunda, mukadzi achiri kuyaruka anouya zvakare mufashoni, senge akakurumbira wepamusoro modhi Twiggy, uyo asina mazamu, uye anove akaonda. . Uye nguva iyi inoenderera nhasi.
Alexander Gordon: Uye pane kuwirirana chaiko pakati pekugona kudya uye saizi yemazamu.
ML Butovskaya: Kwete, kwete, iyo pfungwa yese ndeyekuti hapana kuwirirana kwakadaro. Chiyero chekuputika kusvika pachiuno hachipi chero ruzivo, kunze kwechimwe chete. Zvinoitika kuti munharaunda dzakawanda mune dambudziko rekudya, vakadzi vane mafuta vanofarirwa, uye ipapo kuputika, sechikonzero chekunaka, kucharumbidzwa uye kunzi kwakanaka.
Alexander Gordon: Nekuti pane imwe reserve.
ML Butovskaya: Nekuti mafuta madhipoziti anounganidza kwete chete mubust. Kana nzanga yakapihwa zvizere, senge nzanga yemazuvano yekuAmerica kana, toti, nzanga yeGerman nhasi, saka pane shanduko yakanangana nezvinodiwa kune vakaonda shamwari. Asi kwete kunyanya kuonda. Nokuti, toti, mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, anoratidzwa mufirimu "Soja Jane", apo iye, pamwe chete nemurume, akaedza kupedza mabasa ose uye akarasikirwa nehuremu hwakawanda, kunotungamirira kukuti kudiwa kwemafuta. yakarasika (inofanira kunge iine 18 muzana muvakadzi vemuviri), inochengetedza maitiro echikadzi akajairwa. Kana huwandu hwemafuta hukava hwakafanana nehwevarume, saka mukadzi akadaro anongorasikirwa nekukwanisa kwake kubereka. Nokudaro, pano zvisikwa zvakare zvakaita kuti mukadzi asanyanya kufarira kuonda kwake. Zvichida iyi imhando yekurwisa maitiro emazuva ano akadaro, apo mukadzi anoedza kuderedza uremu hwakawandisa. Zvese zvinoda mwero.
Nguva dzose muviri wechikadzi chiratidzo chekukwezva. Nokudaro, tsika dzakawanda dzakatarisira kubvisa muviri uyu kubva pakuona zvachose, uye wakanga usisavepo sechimwe chinhu chinoshuviwa nevarume. Idzo tsika idzo, pamusimboti, dzakadzora zvachose hupombwe hwevakadzi, dzakanyanya kubudirira mune izvi, uye chikamu chetsika dzechiMuslim muenzaniso weizvi. Vakafukidza mukadzi kwete chiso chake chete, asi muviri wake wose nehoodie, isina chimiro zvachose, kuitira kuti arege kuona chiyero ichi chechiuno kusvika muhudyu. Kazhinji kunyange maoko akavharwa.
Asi musimboti, ini ndatotaura kuti kune akasiyana maitiro ekukwezva varume nevakadzi. Kukwezva kwepabonde kwemukadzi kunobatanidza zvakasimba nekugamuchira, nekukwanisa kubereka vana. Uye izvi zvinokwanisika chete kusvika kune rimwe zera. Kune varume, iyi criterion haipo. Naizvozvo, mhindumupindu yakaita chokwadi chekuti varume nevakadzi vasarudza vavanoda kuroorana navo zvichienderana nemazera akasiyana. Kureva kuti zvinozivikanwa kuti mutsika zhinji, zvinongoratidzwa pano, vakadzi vakaita sevarume vakura zvishoma kwavari. Uye varume mutsika dzese, pasina mutsauko, sevakadzi vadiki kwavari. Uyezve, zvakanyanya, toti, tsika inoratidzirwa nekusarudzwa uku kune polygyny, zvingangoita kuti murume atore vakadzi vaduku kupfuura iye pachake. Ndiko kuti, tiri kutaura pamusoro pekuti chirevo chinotungamirira ndicho chinonzi pfuma: murume akapfuma ane vakadzi vakawanda, uye madzimai ake, sekutonga, vaduku.
Chimwe chirevo, icho chinosiyanawo kune varume nevakadzi pakusarudza vadiwa, uye, maererano naizvozvo, tinogona kunyange kutaura pamusoro peizvi sechikonzero cherudo, umhandara. Muchidimbu, mumarudzi ose, kunze kwezvishoma zvishoma, zvakadai, semuenzaniso, maChinese, umhandara hunodiwa kubva kuvakadzi, asi izvi hazvidiwi kubva kuvarume zvachose. Kunyange vakadzi vazhinji vanoti vanoda varume vane ruzivo rwepabonde rwakapfuura. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya ndeemwero. Neiko mupimo wembiri wakadaro?
Iyo miviri miviri inovimbiswa nekushanduka-shanduka, nokuti murume anosarudza mukadzi akanga atova nevadiwa vake vasati vaita dambudziko rekuwana mwana asingazove mwana wake, asi achamuchengeta. Nokuti, chaizvoizvo, mukadzi chero upi zvake anoziva kuti mwana wake ari kupi, asi murume haambogoni kuva nechokwadi chebaba, kunze kwekunge aita DNA kuongorora. Uye zvisikwa zvakatarisira izvozvo zvakare. Sezvinoratidzwa nekucherechedza, vacheche vakawanda vari muucheche hwavo, munenge mwedzi wokutanga kubva pakuberekwa, vakafanana nemadzibaba avo. Zvadaro mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuchinja, mwana angave atoita saamai, ipapo baba, ipapo sekuru, asi panguva yokutanga yekuzvarwa kwake, anowanzoratidza kufanana nababa vake.
Chii chimwe chaunoda? Zvakanaka, semuzvarirwo, vakadzi vanoda varume vakapfuma. Uye varume vanoda vakadzi vanoyevedza. Iwe unoziva, ivo vanoti "zvirinani kuve akanaka uye akapfuma pane murombo uye anorwara." Sezvine hunyoro sezvazvingaite senge, izvi zvinoenderana nemamwe ethological pfungwa. Muchirevo, hongu, zvimwe zvinhu zvakaenzana, tiri kutaura pamusoro pekuti mukadzi (ndiwo masikirwo akaitwa, vanasekuru vedu vari kure vakatevera muenzaniso uyu) vanofanira kufarira varume vanogona kumira. ivo pachavo, uye, naizvozvo, vanofanira kunge vane hutano uye vane hutano hwepamusoro, huchaendeswa kuvana.
Uye varume vanofarira hudiki uye kukwezva kwevakadzi. Naizvozvo, pamusimboti, pane zvakare yakajairika sarudzo sarudzo pano, varume vachagara vachifarira vakadzi vanoyevedza - maitiro eizvi akasiyana, kubva pakunhuhwirira kusvika kune chimiro uye chimiro chechimiro - uye vakadzi vachagara vachifarira muhoro. uye kuvimbika kwemurume uyu.
Zvinonakidza kuti mutsetse wakatanga kuoneka mukushambadzira kwemazuva ano, wakanangana nekuratidza kuti murume anova baba vane hanya uye tenzi wemba. Izvi zvinoenderana nezviri kuitika iye zvino maererano nemabasa: vakadzi vekuMadokero vakarega kungova vakadzi vemba, vazhinji vavo vakatanga kushanda. Nokudaro, zvinowanzoitika kuti mhuri ine mari yakafanana, kana kuti kunyange mukadzi anogamuchira zvakawanda. Uye kushambadzira kwakakurumidza kupindura kune izvi, kuratidza kuti murume anogonawo kuva murume wemhuri ane hanya, anogonawo kuita mupiro unokosha kubasa repamba mumhuri. Uye chiratidzo ichi chinogonawo kushandiswa sechiratidzo cherudo munharaunda yemazuva ano. Nekuti anoreva zvakare kuti murume anobatsira basa remumba anoda mukadzi wake.