PSYchology

Muma60s, zvidzidzo zvekutanga zve ethological maitiro evana zvakaitwa. Mabasa makuru akati kuti munharaunda iyi akaitwa dzinenge panguva imwe cheteyo naN. Blairton Jones, P. Smith naC. Connolly, W. McGrew. Wekutanga akatsanangura akati wandei ekutevedzera matauriro, ane hukasha uye ekudzivirira maitiro muvana uye akasarudzika goo play seyakazvimirira maitiro ehunhu [Blurton Jones, 1972]. Iyo yekupedzisira yakaongorora zvakadzama maitiro evana vane makore maviri kubva pamwedzi mipfumbamwe kusvika kumakore mana mwedzi mipfumbamwe kumba uye mukireshi (pamwe nevabereki uye pasina ivo) uye yakaratidza kuvepo kwekusiyana kwevakadzi mumagariro evanhu. Vakataurawo kuti kusiyana kweunhu hwemunhu kunogona kutsanangurwa pahwaro hwe data pane zvekunze maitiro ekuratidzira [Smith, Connolly, 1972]. W. McGrew mubhuku rake "The Ethological Study of Children's Behavior" akapa rondedzero yakadzama yemaitiro evana uye yakaratidza kushanda kwemifungo yetsika nemafungiro, akadai sekutonga, nharaunda, pesvedzero yehuwandu hweboka pamagariro evanhu, uye chimiro che kutarisa [McGrew, 1972]. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, pfungwa idzi dzainzi dzinoshanda kune mhuka uye dzaishandiswa zvakanyanya kunyanya neveprimatologists. Ongororo ye ethological yemakwikwi uye kutonga pakati pevana vekireshi yakaita kuti zvikwanisike kugumisa kuti hutongi hwehutungamiri mumapoka akadaro hunoteerera mitemo yekutenderera kwemutsara, inokurumidza kusimbiswa panguva yekuumbwa kweboka revanhu uye inoramba yakagadzikana nekufamba kwenguva. Zvechokwadi, dambudziko riri kure nekugadziriswa zvizere, nokuti data yevanyori vakasiyana inotaura kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvechiitiko ichi. Maererano nerimwe maonero, kutonga kune hukama zvakananga nekuwana mukana kune zviwanikwa zvishoma [Strayer, Strayer, 1976; Charlesworth naLafreniere 1983]. Maererano nevamwe - nekukwanisa kufambidzana nevezera uye kuronga kushamwaridzana, kukwezva kutarisa (data redu pamusoro pevana veRussia neKalmyk).

Nzvimbo inokosha mubasa rehutano hwevana yakagarwa nezvidzidzo zvekusataura kwekutaura. Kushandiswa kwemaitiro echiso chekodhi yekodhi yakagadzirwa naP. Ekman naW. Friesen yakabvumira G. Oster kuti aone kuti vacheche vanogona kuita zvose zvinotevedzera mascular movements zvinowanzoitwa nevanhu vakuru [Oster, 1978]. Kucherechedzwa kwezviso zvevana vanoona uye mapofu mumamiriro echisikirwo ebasa remasikati [Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1973] uye maitiro evana vari mukuyedza mamiriro [Charlesworth, 1970] zvakatungamira kumhedzisiro yekuti vana mapofu vanonyimwa mukana we Kudzidza kwekuona kuratidza zviso zvakafanana mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana. Kucherechedza kwevana vane makore maviri kusvika kumakore mashanu kwakaita kuti zvikwanisike kutaura pamusoro pekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemashoko ekutevedzera akasiyana [Abramovitch, Marvin, 1975]. Sezvo unyanzvi hwemagariro emwana hunowedzera, pakati pemakore e2,5 ne4,5 makore, kunewo kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekushandisa kunyemwerera kwevanhu [Cheyne, 1976]. Kushandiswa kwemaitiro ehutsika mukuongororwa kwemaitiro ebudiriro kwakasimbisa kuvepo kwehwaro hwekuzvarwa hwekuvandudzwa kwechimiro chechiso chemunhu [Hiatt et al, 1979]. C. Tinbergen akashandisa nzira dze ethological muhutano hwepfungwa dzemwana kuti aongorore chiitiko che autism muvana, achikwevera pfungwa kune chokwadi chokuti kudzivisa kutarisa, kunowanzoitika kune vana vane autism, kunokonzerwa nekutya kushamwaridzana kwevanhu.

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