Chiitiko mukubatanidzwa kwehurongwa hwenzvimbo huru dzekupa mazano epfungwa

Pasina nzira yakajairwa yekuraira kwepfungwa, isu tichagara tichishanda muzvidimbu, zvichibva pane yedu yakajairika maonero uye kushandisa yedu yatinoda "chips". Nharaunda yevanopa mazano vepfungwa vanotarisana nebasa rekupfupisa ruzivo, kugadzira hwaro hwakafanana hwedzidziso uye nzira, uye kubatanidza nzira dzakasiyana siyana nenzvimbo dzekupa zano repfungwa. Isu tiri kure nekutora rusununguko rwekudzidzisa vamwe vedu vepfungwa mashandire, basa redu rine mwero: tinoda kugovera ruzivo rwevadzidzi vedu vekudzidzisa paYunivhesiti yePractical Psychology. Tinovimba kuti izvi zvicharegerera pfungwa idzodzo mumharidzo yedu dzinoita sedzakareruka, dziri pachena uye dzinozivikanwa kumunhu wese: chii chinonzi ABC kune ane ruzivo ruzivo dzimwe nguva nhau dzakaoma kune anovice consultant.

Rega nditange nekotesheni kubva muunganidzwa "Psychotherapy - chii?"

“…Ngatifungei nezvaJohn: ari kurwadziwa pese paanotenderedza musoro wake. Kuedza kubvisa kutambura, anogona kutendeukira kune vanoverengeka nyanzvi, asi iye achatanga neuyo, maererano neruzivo rwake uye pfungwa dzake, anofunga kuti achamubatsira kupfuura vamwe.

Uye chii? John achaona kuti maonero enyanzvi yega yega uye matanho anotsanangurwa nenyanzvi iyi achanyanya kuenderana nedzidzo uye ruzivo rwehupenyu hwenyanzvi iyi. Saka, semuenzaniso, chiremba wemhuri yaJohn angango ongorora "kuwedzera kwetsandanyama toni" uye kumunyorera mishonga inozorodza tsandanyama. Mudzidzisi weMweya, ipapo, achazivisa “nyongano yetsinhirano yomudzimu” yaJohane ndokumupa minamato nokuporesa kupfurikidza nokuturika maoko. The psychotherapist, kune rumwe rutivi, achafarira kuti ndiani "akagara pamutsipa waJohane," uye anokupa zano kuti upinde kudzidziswa kwepfungwa, izvo zvinodzidzisa kukwanisa kuzvimiririra. Chiropractor inogona kuona kukanganiswa kweJohn's cervical vertebrae uye inotanga kutwasanudza chikamu chakakodzera chemuzongoza, kuita izvo chiropractic inodana "kugadzirisa." A naturopath inoongorora kusaenzana kwesimba uye inokurudzira acupuncture. Zvakanaka, muvakidzani waJohn, mutengesi wefenicha yekurara, angangotaura kuti zvitubu zvemetiresi inorara gamba redu zvasakara, uye anomupa zano kuti atenge metiresi nyowani ... "(Psychotherapy - chii? Mazano emazuva ano / Ed. JK Zeig uye VM Munion / Yakashandurwa kubva kuChirungu naLS Kaganov - M .: Independent firm «Kirasi», 2000. - 432 pp. - (Library of Psychology and Psychotherapy, chinyorwa 80)).

Hapana kuita nharo pano kuti ndeupi wavo ari pachokwadi. Ndinofunga kuti zvakakosha kuti isu tibvumirane kuti zvikonzero izvi zvose zvinogona, mumutemo, kuitika, uye zvine musoro kuti tifunge nezvese izvi zvingasarudzwa. Isu tinogara tichiita izvi mubasa redu repfungwa here?

Kudiwa kwemaitiro akabatanidzwa

Zvikoro zvekupa mazano zvepfungwa zvinosiyana mune zvakawanda mune izvo nyanzvi yepfungwa inofarira kushanda nayo: nekusaziva mune psychoanalysis, nemuviri mu gestalt, nemaitiro mumaitiro ekuita, nekutenda mukuziva nzira, nemifananidzo (inomiririrwa nemifananidzo matambudziko) mumatauriro erondedzero kana maitiro. .

Unofanira kuzviganhurira here? Aihwa.

KuMabvazuva, apo mumwe wevakadzi vasultan akarwara, chiremba aingoona ruoko rwomurwere. Hongu, chete nekuteerera kupuruzira, chishamiso chechiremba dzimwe nguva chaigona kubatsira murwere, asi inyanzvi yakadaro yechiremba inodiwa nhasi, kana panzvimbo payo iwe unogona kuitisa kuongororwa kwakadzama kwemurwere uye kurapa kwake kwakaoma.

Panzvimbo pemaitiro ega ega ad hoc, nzira yakabatana inodiwa. Murapi, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa-muongorori haafaniri kuva nemaitiro akafanana (chishandiso chimwe), asi zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana.

Unyanzvi hwekuongorora hwakakwana

Kuve neakasiyana maturusi, nyanzvi yepfungwa inofanirwa kunzwisisa izvo mumwe mutengi anoda mune iyi kesi.

Kushanda nemanzwiro? Kurudzira basa nemuviri? Kushanda nezvitendero? Kana kuti zvimwe zvine chekuita nebasa nemafambiro? Kushanda nemifananidzo? Kutarisana nezvakaitika kare zvinonetsa? Kushanda nezvazvinoreva upenyu? Chimwe chinhu?

Izvi kana kuti kutungamira kwebasa remuongorori wepfungwa-muongorori anotsanangurwa nechikumbiro chemutengi, asi kwete chete naye. Chekutanga, kazhinji chikumbiro chemutengi chakadaro hachipo, zvichemo zvisina kujeka zvinonzwika, uye chechipiri, musikana pachake angasanzwisisa kukosha kwedambudziko rake uye, kutaura zvazviri, taurira mupi wezano izvo amai vake kana musikana akamuudza nezvematambudziko ake.

Mushure mokuteerera chikumbiro chemutengi, basa remupi wezano nderokutarisa zvose zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko, uye nokuda kweizvi anofanira kunge ane runyoro rwakadaro.

Kufanana nachiremba: kana mutengi achinyunyuta pamusoro pezvinetso zveganda, unofanirwa kuita miedzo yakawanda nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, asi inonyatsozivikanwa kuna chiremba. Vanachiremba vane mazita akadaro aunofanira kutarisa - mazita akafanana anofanira kunge ane psychologists-consultants.

Nzira yekutsanangura dambudziko chairo

Kana murwere ari chiremba achinyunyuta kurwadziwa mudumbu, chiremba anogona kuva nemafungiro akawanda: zvingava zvokudya zvisingawanzoitiki kwaari, asi appendicitis, uye kenza, uye zvinetso ne gallbladder uye chiropa. Zvichida mutengi uyu akangodya zvakanyanya, kana kuti ane yersiniosis kana chimwewo chinhu chisingawanikwe. Kuti vanachiremba vasakurumidze kucheka appendicitis apo murwere ane yekutanga indigestion, vane mazano ekuona matambudziko.

Zvakadaro, ivo vanotanga netsanangudzo yechinhu chekutanga, chakajairika, chiri pachena, uye chete kana zviri pachena zvisiri pachena, fungidziro dzakapusa dzisingashande, unofanirwa kutsvaga chimwe chinhu chakadzama. Kana mutemo uyu ukatyorwa, unonzi hauna hunyanzvi.

Mumwe wevatengi vangu akanyunyuta: akaenda kuna chiremba weganda, akamuongorora nepamusoro akati zvese zvaibva mutsinga. Zvakare yakakurudzira kutaura nezve psychosomatics kune psychotherapist. Mutengi, zvisinei, akatendeukira kune imwe nyanzvi nyanzvi, akaita bvunzo, akaraira mapiritsi akareruka kuti adzorere maruva emukati, uye zvese zvakaenda muvhiki.

Izvo hazvifanirwe kutsvaga izvo zvinokonzeresa matambudziko kudzamara mamwe ekutanga efungidziro aedzwa.

Kudzokera kubasa repfungwa, tinodzokorora iyi yakakosha musimboti:

Haisi nyanzvi kutsvaga zvikonzero zvinokonzeresa matambudziko epfungwa kudzamara fungidziro dzekutanga dzasimbiswa.

Zviripachena, zvinogoneka uye zviri pasi pematambudziko epfungwa

Zvinetso zvepfungwa zvinogona kuva zvechero musoro: nezve mari uye rudo, "Handizivi zvandinoda" uye "Handivimbi nevanhu", asi vanonzi mukati kana munhu akaona mudzi wedambudziko mukati make; uye kwete mune mumwe munhu kana chimwe chinhu chekunze.

Kushanda nezvinetso zvemukati zvevatengi, zvinokurudzirwa kutevedzera inotevera kurongeka, iyo inotevera kutevedzana kwekushanda nematambudziko:

• Zviri pachena zvikonzero zvezvinetso zvinonetsa uye zvinetso zvinoonekwa neziso rakashama uye zvinogadziriswa pamwero wepfungwa. Kana musikana ari oga nokuti anongogara pamba uye haaendi kupi zvako, kutanga kune zvose, anofanira kurayirwa kuti awedzere kushamwaridzana kwake.
• Zvikonzero zvinokonzeresa matambudziko - zvisiri pachena, asi zvinogona kukonzera kuomerwa kwemutengi, izvo zvine zviratidzo zvinoonekwa kune nyanzvi. Musikana haakwanise kumisa denderedzwa remagariro, nekuti ane nzira yekutaurirana yebhazaar uye akataura kutsamwa.
• Midzi inokonzeresa dambudziko fungidziro pamusoro pezvinokonzeresa matambudziko emutengi izvo zvisina zviratidzo zvinoonekwa. Chikonzero chekusurukirwa kwemusikana chinogona kufungidzirwa kuva kwake kwehuduku kushungurudzika kwepfungwa, uye matambudziko mumhuri yekuyeuka kwemhuri yake, uye korona yekusaroora, uye kutukwa kwemuvakidzani.

Kana mutengi akataura chero dambudziko riri pachena, unofanira kutanga washanda naro.

Kana mukomana asingazivi nzira yekuzivana nayo mumugwagwa, matanho ekutanga anofanira kunge ari ekutanga - bvunza kana achida kudzidza, uye kana zvakadaro, rayira kuti sei uye kupi kuzviita zviri nani. Kana munhu achitya kubhururuka nendege, zvichida zvakakodzera kushanda nekutya kwake kubhururuka pakutanga, uye kwete kumubvunza nezvezviitiko zvehuduku hwake hwakaoma. Elementary desensitization inogona kubvisa kutya muhafu yeawa, uye kana nyaya yacho yagadziriswa, inogadziriswa.

Zvikonzero zviri pachena zvezvinetso zvinowanzogadziriswa nenzira dziri pachena, kune mupi wezano ane ruzivo - pamwero wepfungwa. Chete kana izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana, mupi wezano anofanira kutamira kune imwe nhanho yezvikonzero zvakavanzika zvezvinetso, kutanga nezvinowanzoitika, uye chete kana mikana yose yapera, munhu anogona kunyura mumatambudziko akadzika.

Maererano nemusimboti wekureruka, haufanirwe kuburitsa mamwe matambudziko. Kana chimwe chinhu chichigona kugadziriswa zviri nyore, chinofanira kugadziriswa zviri nyore, kana chete nekuti chiri kukurumidza uye chinoshanda, chinodhura zvishoma maererano nenguva nenhamburiko. Izvo zvinogadziriswa nekukurumidza hazvina kunaka kuita kwenguva yakareba.

Kana dambudziko remutengi richigona kutsanangurwa nenzira iri nyore, inoshanda, hapana chikonzero chekutsvagisa tsananguro dzakaoma nguva isati yasvika.

Kana dambudziko remutengi rinogona kuyedzwa maitiro, haufanirwe kutora nzira yekudzika psychology pamberi penguva.

Kana dambudziko remutengi richigona kugadziriswa nekushanda neazvino, haufanirwe kumhanyisa kushanda nekare yemutengi.

Kana dambudziko richiwanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura yemutengi, haufanirwe kunyura muhupenyu hwake hwekare uye nekurangarira kwemadzitateguru.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti matambudziko akadzama inzvimbo yeasingabvumike, uko kwakazara chiyero kunovhurwa kune zvese kusika uye charlatanism.

Nyanzvi yepfungwa kana murapi anoronga basa rakadzama risina kuvimbika kwesainzi anofanira kuzvibvunza kuti: Ndeipi mhedzisiro yenguva refu yebasa rakadaro, rudzi urwu rwekurapa kwepfungwa ruchaita sei? Kutenda kune ziso rakaipa uye mashura akaipa? Tsika yekuvimba nemhanza? Tsika yekuisa mutoro pane kufenda kwako? Uye chimwe chinhu chiduku - kureva chiyeuchidzo chemadzitateguru, panzvimbo yekuzvifunga iwe pachako? Zvinoita sekuti rudzi urwu rwekufunga kwetsika uye kutarisa kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza kunosungirwa kune nyanzvi yepfungwa.

Basa reunyanzvi rinoenderana uye rinotevera nheyo yekureruka. Nehunyanzvi, tanga nekunzwisisa, netsanangudzo yechinhu chekutanga, chakajairika, chiri pachena, uye chete kana mhinduro iri pamwero wepfungwa isingashande, iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga chimwe chinhu chakavanzika uye chakadzika. Kana mutemo uyu wekugadzirisa matambudziko ukatyorwa, unonzi hauna basa.

Iyo "chero inoshanda zvakanaka" nzira inogona kuve yekuona kwenguva pfupi uye nekudaro isingaenderane nemhoteredzo. Kana murume akaneta, mudzimai anogona kumuunza 200 gramu mushure mekushanda. Isu tinoziva ichapa mhedzisiro, ichashanda, ichanzwa zvirinani kumurume wangu. Unogonawo kumubatsira zuva rinotevera. Chii chinovandira pano? Tinoziva kuti nekufamba kwenguva murume uyu anoshanduka kuita chidhakwa. Izvo zvinopa mhedzisiro yakavimbika ikozvino inogona kushanduka kuita matambudziko akakura uye akakura gare gare. Vafemberi uye varoyi vanoshanda zvisingaite zvishoma kupfuura vamwe vezvepfungwa, asi shungu dzezvisinganzwisisike uye esotericism, tsika yekuvimba nemasimba epamusoro, izere nekuderera kwetsika yeruzhinji, infantilism uye tsika yekusaita basa.

Systematization yematambudziko anogona kuitika

Mubasa redu rinoshanda, tinoshandisa rondedzero chaiyo yezvinowanzoitika zvinogoneka zvinetso zvepfungwa. Ino ndiyo nguva yekuyeuka nezve nzira yakabatanidzwa yekupa mazano, pamusoro pekuti munhu haasi pfungwa chete, asiwo muviri, kwete muviri chete, asiwo mweya, pakarepo yeuka zvinoreva hupenyu hunoronga hupenyu hwedu, zvinoreva upenyu uye upenyu hwomudzimu. Takataura kuti murapi, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa, haafanire kunge aine imwe nzira (chimwe chishandiso), asi akawanda akasiyana maturusi. Ndezvipi zvishandiso zvinoshandisa nzira iyi yakabatanidzwa?

Nhasi tinokuunzira kutonga kwako runyorwa runotevera:

• Dambudziko vatauri

Kutsiva, kurwira simba, tsika yekukwezva kutarisa, kutya kukundikana. Rudolf Dreikurs (Dreikurs, R. (1968) Psychology mukirasi) akapa chishandiso chinoshamisa icho chinoshamisa kupfuudza.

• Dambudziko muviri

Tension, clamps, negative anchors, general kana chaiyo underdevelopment (kushaya kudzidziswa) kwemuviri. Isu takavakirwa pano kwete chete pamabasa aAlexander Lowen (A. Lowen «Psychology of the body»), isu tine pano zvakawanda zvekuvandudza kwedu kwepakutanga.

• Dambudziko kufunga.

Kushaikwa kweruzivo, kwakanaka, kunovaka uye kuita basa. Kuda kufunga maererano ne "matambudziko", kuona kunyanya kukanganisa, kuita mukutsvaga uye ruzivo pasina constructiveness, kutanga maitiro eparasitic anoparadza simba pasina (tsitsi, kuzvipa mhosva, kusava nehanya, tsika yekutsoropodza uye kutsiva) . Pano, kukura kwevanhu vakawanda kunotibatsira: Alfred Adler, Fritz Perls, Werner Erhard, panguva imwechete iyi ndiyo nzira huru mukugadzirwa kweSyntone nzira.

• Zvitendero Zvinonetsa

Zvakaipa kana kuomarara zvinomisa kutenda, matambudziko ehupenyu, kushaikwa kwezvinotendwa zvinokurudzira. Uyu mutsetse wakatangwa naAaron Beck (Aaron Beck, Arthur Freeman. "Cognitive Psychotherapy of Personality Disorders"), Albert Ellis (Albert Ellis. Humanistic Psychotherapy: A Rational-Emotional Approach / Yakashandurwa kubva kuChirungu - St. Petersburg: Owl Publishing House; M. : EKSMO-Press Publishing House, 2002. - 272 pp. (Series «Steps of Psychotherapy»)) uye Eric Berne (Eric Berne. «Mitambo Vanhu Vanotamba»), zvinobudirira zvakaenderera mberi kubva ipapo nevakawanda.

• Dambudziko mifananidzo

Dambudziko remufananidzo weI, chinetso chemufananidzo wemudiwa, mufananidzo unonetsa wemazano ehupenyu, dimikira rinonetsa rehupenyu. Iyi ingangoita rondedzero uye maitiro, kushanda nemifananidzo nemadimikira.

• Upenyu hunonetsa.

Zvinoratidzika kwatiri kuti pfungwa iyi inokosheswa nemafungiro emazuva ano anoshanda. Izvi ndezvehupenyu husina kurongeka uye husina hutano, apo murume wechidiki anogara kazhinji usiku, muzvinabhizimisi anodhakwa, musikana wechidiki anosvuta, izvi ndezvehupenyu hwekusurukirwa kana nzvimbo ine dambudziko.

Dzidzira

Kana mutengi akauya kuzobvunzurudzwa, chekutanga tinoona semutoro kunzwa chikumbiro chake, kana zvichidikanwa, kumubatsira kuchigadzira. Kana zvichibvira, isu tiri kutsvaga mikana yekuendesa mutengi kubva pachinzvimbo cheAkabatwa kuenda pachinzvimbo cheMunyori, saka isu hatigone kushanda kwete chete neanotambura anorwara, asi zvakare kushandira pamwe nemunhu anoshanda zvakakwana, anofunga, ane mutoro. Kana chikumbiro chemutengi chikagadziriswa zvakananga, pamwero wedambudziko riri pachena, zvakanaka. Kana zvisina kudaro, isu tine zano, runyoro rwematambudziko akavanzika anogona kuitika.

Kutuka

Ngatitii mukadzi asarudza zvokuita kana murume wake ari kumunyengera. Mushure mekuongorora kwakapfava, zvinoitika kuti hupenyu hwemhuri yavo hwave nemakore gumi nemaviri, vane vana vaviri, murume wake anomuda, anomudawo, kutengesa yaive tsaona. Akadzikama, anonzwisisa zvose nemusoro wake - hazvina kukodzera kurambana mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvingava zvakarurama kubvisa kutukwa uye kugadzirisa ukama, asi mweya wake unorwadza uye anoda kuranga murume wake. Apa ndipo patinosvika panyaya dzakavanzwa.

Ona kana paine vatauri vane dambudziko pano? Iwe unofanirwa kushanda nemuviri unonetsa here? Kufunga kwomukadzi kunovaka sei, kunobvira here kuivakazve nenzira yakanaka uye inovaka? Pane zvitendero zvinonetsa uye zvinoganhurira zvinokanganisa kufunga kunovaka here? Zvakadini nekuzviremekedza kwemukadzi, anonzwa sei, zvinokwanisika uye zvakakosha here kuti achinje mufananidzo wake? Uye nenzira, husiku hungani hwaasina kurara - pamwe anofanira kutanga arara?

slouch

Musikana anokotama, kunyangwe pasina zvikonzero zvekurapa zveizvi. Chikonzero chiri pachena ndechekuti musikana haazvichengete. Probable - mbwende kuva yakajeka uye yekutanga. Chipangamazano haana kudaro, panzvimbo pacho murapi akaenda munzira yekuchera mune zvisingafungidzirwe zvikonzero: «zvese ndezvekudzora uye kumisa manzwiro ako» ... ↑

Kutya kutaura

Kutya kutaurirana mumunhu akakwana kunogona kubviswa nyore nyore nekubatanidzwa kwezvinotevera nzira: desensitization, tsika yezviito zvisiri izvo uye kudzidziswa mukukurukurirana kunobudirira (kune nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekudzidzisa). Asi izvi zvinoda kuitwa, izvi zvinoda kudzidzwa. Kana munhu asina kugadzirira kudzidza nekudzidzira, kana kuti hazvibatsiri (chero chinhu chinoitika) - hongu, saka zvakakwana kugadzirisa matambudziko akavanzika uye akadzika.

pfupiso

Sezvaunogona kuona, pakudzidzisa vadzidzi veYunivhesiti, tinoedza kudzivisa kuunganidza kusina kufunga, kusina kurongeka uye kusina tsika nzira "zvose zvinoshanda zvakanaka." Iyo nzira inotsanangurwa pano inotarisana nekuoma uye kwakarongeka kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zviripo, pakushandiswa kweakanakisa maitiro mune inoshanda psychology. Ndinoda kutenda kuti fungidziro idzi uye maitiro akadaro anogona kubatsira kwete kuvadzidzi chete, asiwo kune vatinoshanda navo vanoremekedzwa.

References

1. Dreikurs, R. (1968) Psychology mukirasi
2. Beck Aaron, Arthur Freeman. Cognitive psychotherapy yehutano hwemunhu.
3. Bern Eric. Mitambo Vanhu Vanotamba.
4. Veselago EV System nyeredzi maererano naBert Hellinger: nhoroondo, uzivi, tekinoroji.
5. Lowen Alexander "Psychology yeMuviri"
6. Psychotherapy - chii ichocho? Mazano emazuva ano / Ed. JK Zeiga uye VM Munion / Per. kubva kuChirungu. LS Kaganov. - M .: Yakazvimirira yakasimba "Kirasi", 2000. - 432 p. - (Library of Psychology and Psychotherapy, chinyorwa 80).
7. Ellis Albert. Humanistic psychotherapy: Rational-emotional maitiro / Per. kubva kuChirungu. - St. Petersburg: Owl Publishing House; M .: Imba yekudhinda yeEKSMO-Press, 2002. - 272 p. (Series "Matanho e psychotherapy").

Chinyorwa muChirungu: Chiitiko chekubatanidza sisitimu yemaitiro ekutanga mukuraira kwepfungwa