Mvumo dzemhuri: yepamusoro gumi yakati wandei ruzivo rwekuziva

Iyo dzimwe nguva inotorwa seyakareruka muFrance, zvinosuruvarisa kuti ivo havana kugara varipo uye pamwe havazogara varipo kune wese munhu. Mari dzemhuri rubatsiro runobhadharwa kune vanhu vane vana vanochengetwa, mari uye mamiriro ayo anosiyana munyika nenyika. Heino mhedziso muchidimbu yenhoroondo yekubvumidzwa kwemhuri muFrance, matanho makuru akaitika kubva pakusikwa kwavo, mari yavo kana mutengo wavo. Enough to tsvaga zvimwe nezveyamuro iyi yatinogamuchira mwedzi wega wega, uye sei kwete, kupenya neruzivo rwako pane inotevera yekudya kwemanheru aperitif nevabereki!

Tateguru wezvipo zvemhuri akaberekwa munenge muna 1916

MuFrance muna 1916, injiniya ainzi Emile Romanet, uyo akanga ariwo muKaturike anoshingaira, akaita nzvero pakati pavashandi pafekitari yake muGrenoble. Anozviona izvozvo kana mhuri dzichikura, ndipo padzinotonyanya kuoma kuti vawane chouviri, kuti vawane mari. Aine chokwadi chekufarira kwevashandirwi kupa rubatsiro kuvashandi vavo, akakurudzira mukuru wake, Joanny Joya, kuti aunze "bhonasi yemabasa emhuri", akaverengerwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwevana paimba. Tateguru wemari yemumba akazvarwa. Nekutarisira zvinodiwa nevashandi mumafekitari akavakidzana, Emile Romanet achagonesa vakuru vemabhizinesi emuno kuti vazvironge kuti vadzivise kuramwa mabasa. Vashanu vemaindasitiri vakagadzira muna Kubvumbi 29, 1918 Mari Yekubhadhara, homwe yechipiri yerudzi urwu inozivikanwa muFrance, yekutanga kuvambwa gore rimwe chetero muLorient, Brittany.

Mutemo wekutanga wakadzikwa muna 1932

Muna 1928 na1930 mutemo weinishuwarenzi yesocial inovhara hurwere, kuchembera uye kusashanda wakadzikwa. Zvadaro, muna 1932, mutemo weLandry unopa mvumo yemhuri kune vese vashandi muindasitiri nekutengeserana, nekuita kuti zvive zvinosungirwa kuti vashandirwi vabatane nehomwe yemuripo. Asi kupindira kwenyika kuchiri kushoma, uye huwandu hwemvumo hunosiyana kubva kune rimwe dhipatimendi kune rimwe. Hurumende haina kutora mari dzemhuri kusvika 1945, nekugadzirwa kweSocial Security.

Chiyero chakabatanidzwa muchikamu kuderera kwehuwandu hwekuzvarwa

Zvimwe zvakamiswa padanho revaKatorike, kunyanya nebato rechiKristu-social, mari dzemhuri dzakaonekwa kunyanya muma1930s. nzira yekubhadhara kudonha kwehuwandu hwekuzvarwa yakaonekwa muFrance mushure meHondo Huru. France yakabva yasangana nehuwandu hwekufa, pamwe nehuwandu hwekuzvarwa kwakaderera, iyo yakaisa mumuswe weEurope maererano nekukura kwevanhu. Kurudzirai maFrench kuita vana saka zvakakosha kudzoreredza maitiro ekunetsa aya, ayo anosanganisira mutemo wemhuri wakanaka.

Mamiriro emari ekubvumidzwa chete kubva muna 2015

Kusvikira 2015, huwandu hwemari yemubhadharo yemhuri yakagamuchirwa nevabereki haina kuiswa maererano nemidziyo yemumba. Sezviri pachena, mhuri yevakuru vakuru kana kuti vashandi vaviri mumwe nomumwe ane vana vaviri vakagamuchira mari yakaenzana kunyange zvazvo vakanga vasina mihoro yakafanana.

Muna 1996, Alain Juppé, panguva iyoyo Mutungamiriri ari pasi pemutungamiri wenyika, Jacques Chirac, akatanga dombo rekugadzira mudziva nekuzivisa nezve zvinoreva-dzakaedzwa miripo yemhuri, pasina kubudirira. Pfungwa yechiyero chakadai yakamukazve muna 1997 naLionel Jospin, asi zvakare, chiyero ichi hachizoshandiswa, mukufarira kudzikiswa kweiyo mhuri quotient.

Yakanga isiri kusvika 2014, pasi paFrançois Hollande, iyo nzira-yakaedzwa miripo yemhuri ichadzoserwa patafura, kuti igamuchirwe zvakajeka muna Chikunguru 15, 2015. Kubva pazuva iri, mari dzemhuri dzichaderedzwa nepakati kuvabereki vevana vaviri vanotambira mari inodarika 6 euros pamwedzi (64 euros panzvimbo ye129), uye nemana kune avo vanotambira mari inodarika 8 euros pamwedzi (32 euros pachinzvimbo che129), sirin'i yemuhoro iri kusimudzwa ne500 euros pawedzero mwana.

Bazi remhuri reSocial Security: angangoita 500 miriyoni euros mukushomeka

Iyi haisi scoop: iyo Social Security deficit muFrance iri kukwira, kunyangwe hurumende yese inoteedzana kwemakumi emakore yave ichiedza kuidzikisa. Zvinoenderana nedata kubva kuSocial Security Accounts Commission, kuperevedza kwekupedzisira kwaive kwakatenderedza 4,4 bhiriyoni euros muna 2017. Asi l.Bazi remhuri reSocial Security, iro rinosanganisira miripo yemhuri, haasiriye ane mari yakawanda yakasara.

Maererano nemashoko ezuva nezuva Le Monde, bazi remhuri raizoenda "mugirinhi" kekutanga kubvira 2007, kusvika ku500 mamiriyoni eeuro mu2017 pamusoro pekushaikwa kwebhiriyoni imwe euros muna 2016. Bazi remhuri yeSocial Security ndeyechokwadi. vachiri mukushomeka, asi zvishoma pane mamwe mapazi dzakadai setsaona pabasa (800 miriyoni euros), uye kuchembera (1,5 bhiriyoni euros).

France yakanaka kana ichienzaniswa nevamwe vavakidzani vekuEurope

Kunyangwe isu tichifarira kuwedzera kwemari yekupihwa kwemhuri kana, pane zvinopesana, tinoshuvira kuiona ichideredzwa, isu hatigone kuramba kuti France iri nani maererano nemutemo wemhuri. Nepo huwandu hwacho hwakanyanya kukwira kuGermany pamwe nekune dzimwe nyika dzeScandinavia, dzimwe nyika dzakaita seItaly, Spain kana United Kingdom dzakaita. zvirambidzo zvakakomba mari. Uye pakati pevamwe vavakidzani veEurope, kuwedzera kwehuwandu maererano nenhamba yevana ishoma pane muFrance, kunyange kana anesu mwana wekutanga haapi kodzero kune chero mvumo. Kana tikabatanidza rubatsiro rwese rwemhuri runowanikwa muFrance (zororo revabereki, mari dzemhuri, zororo rekusununguka, zvichingodaro), mutemo wemhuri unonyanya kubatsira. France inoratidzawo imwe yehuwandu hwepamusoro hwevakadzi muEurope, uye mwero wepamusoro wekuzvarwa kupfuura vazhinji vevavakidzani vayo, murutivi nemhaka yorubatsiro runopiwa kumhuri.

Kuwedzera kwemhuri, ruoko rwekubatsira kumwana wechitatu

Munyika huru yeFrance, iyo wedzero yemhuri (CF) inoitirwa mhuri dzine vana vanenge vatatu vanovimba navo vose vane makore 3 zvichidzika 21. Yakagadzirwa muna Ndira 1978, wedzero yemhuri inoratidza kukosha kunopiwa kumwana wechitatu. Wedzero yemhuri inotsiva yemuhoro mumwe chete, wekugara pamba uye muripo wekuchengeta mwana.

Muna Zvita 2016, yakabhadharwa kumhuri 826, chikamu chechina chayo imhuri ine mubereki mumwe. Iyo yakakosha mari i600 €, inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika € 170,71 kumhuri dzine mari isingapfuure imwe sirin'i.

2014: chiyero pazororo revabereki kusimudzira kuenzana kwevakadzi

Sechikamu chebhiri rekuenzana kwevakadzi rinotungamirirwa naAmai Najat Vallaud-Belkacem, panguva iyoyo Gurukota rekodzero dzevakadzi pasi pemutungamiri weFrançois Hollande, shanduko huru yezororo revabereki yakaitika, uye yakatanga kushanda muna July 2014. Sezvo yezuva iri, vabereki vemwana mumwe chete, avo kusvika panguva iyoyo vaingove nekodzero yemwedzi mitanhatu yezororo, vanogona kutora mimwe mwedzi mitanhatu chero bedzi mumwe mubereki atora rivhi. Zviripachena, zororo rinowedzerwa kusvika kumwedzi gumi nemiviri chero nguva iyi inogovaniswa zvakaenzana pakati pevabereki vaviri. Kubva kumwana wechipiri, zororo revabereki rinogara richitora makore anokwana matatu, asi rubatsiro rweCAF rwunobhadharwa chete kusvika mwana ava nemakore matatu kana ruchigovaniswa pakati pevabereki vaviri: mwedzi makumi maviri nemina inodarika mubereki mumwe uye mwedzi gumi nemiviri mumwe mubereki, sechikamu che Rubatsiro Rwedzidzo Yevana Yakagoverwa (PreParE). Chinangwa: kukurudzira vanababa kutora zororo revabereki kuti vatarisire mwana wavo achangozvarwa.

Kusvika kumugumo wepasi rose wemari dzemhuri?

Uyu mubvunzo unogara uchiuya patafura, chero mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika ehurumende dzakasiyana. Kusvika ikozvino, kana mari dzemhuri dziine huwandu hunoenderana nehuwandu hwemari yemhuri, dzinoramba dziri pasi rose: vabereki vese vekuFrance, chero vangava ani, vanogashira mari dzemhuri, kunyangwe mari yacho ichisiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemari yavo.

Panguva iyo inofanirwa kutsvaga nzira dzekudzikisa kushomeka kweSocial Security, iyo yepasirese yemuripo wemhuri inomutsa mibvunzo. Mhuri ine mari inotambirwa pamwedzi inopfuura 10 euros inoda chaizvo rubatsiro rwemaeuro gumi nemaviri chete kuti irere vana vayo?

Muna Kurume 2018, Guillaume Chiche, mutevedzeri weLREM weDeux-Sèvres, akabatana nemutevedzeri weLR weIlle-et-Vilaine Gilles Lurton, vaifanira kuendesa chirevo chine kurudziro ine chekuita nemhuri yeFrance. Asi kana zvakadaro vakaitwa (vatevedzeri vangadai vakaomerwa nekuwana zvinowirirana), mhedziso dzavo hadzina kuita ruzha rwakanyanya panguva ino uye hadzisati dzapa bhiri.

Ndiani anopa mhuri mari?

Muna 2016, 84,3 bhiriyoni maeuro akabhadharwa neFamily Allowance Funds (Caf) neCentral Agricultural Social Mutual Funds (Ccmsa) nenzira yemabhenefiti emutemo. Uhu huremu hwemari hunosanganisira mapoka matatu: mabhenefiti anoenderana nekuvapo kwemwana, mabhenefiti edzimba, mabhenefiti ane chekuita nekubatana uye tsigiro yekuita. Nezvekupihwa kwemhuri, izvi zvinonyanya kupihwa mari nemipiro yemagariro inobhadharwa nevashandirwi, kusvika pa5,25% kana 3,45% zvichienderana nebasa. Zvimwe zvacho zvinobva kuCSG (generalized social mupiro, zvakare inobhadhariswa pama payslips) uye mutero. Sezviri pachena, murume wega wega wekuFrance anoshingaira anotora mari dzemhuri zvishoma.

matura:

• https://www.caf.fr/sites/default/files/cnaf/Documents/Dser/essentiel/Essentiel_depensesPresta_ESSENTIEL.pdf
• https://www.urssaf.fr/portail/home/employeur/calculer-les-cotisations/les-taux-de-cotisations/la-cotisation-dallocations-famil.html
• http://www.vie-publique.fr/decouverte-institutions/protection-sociale/politique-familiale/comment-branche-famille-securite-sociale-est-elle-financee.html
• http://www.vie-publique.fr/politiques-publiques/famille/chronologie/
• http://www.slate.fr/story/137699/emile-romanet-inventa-allocations-familiales