Fir Korean

Muzvisikwa, Korean fir inogara munzvimbo dzine makomo kumaodzanyemba kweKorea Peninsula. Sezvo mutemo, unowanikwa mumasango akavhenganiswa neAyan spruce uye Erman birch (1).

Korean fir marudzi

Izvo zvakakodzera kunzwisisa kuti haisi yega yega yeKorea fir yakakodzera kudzimba dzezhizha. Zvose muchitarisiko uye hunhu. Mhando uye marudzi akasiyana zvakanyanya muhukuru, ruvara rwetsono nemakoni, chimiro chekorona. Asi izvi ndezvekunze, zvisinei, Korean fir inewo zvemukati maficha. Mamwe marudzi anoshingirira kuchando nekusanaya kwemvura, asi mamwe ari manyoro, anoda kugara achitarisirwa. Vamwe vanoda kuumbwa, uye vamwe vanochengeta chimiro chavo chakaisvonaka kwemakore.

Zvese zvinomera izvi zvinewo zvinhu zvakajairika: tsono dzakapfava dzisina yunifomu dzine dzakatenderedzwa kwete matipi akapinza uye dzinoyevedza, dzisiri kurembera, asi dzakamira makoni. Paunosarudza chirimwa, iwe unofanirwa kunyatso kutarisisa kune maficha esaiti uye, hongu, zvaunofarira. Heano marudzi akajairika.

Silberlock

Сilberlock (Silberlocke). Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chimiro chekoni yakakodzera ine korona dhayamita pazasi pemamita matatu, isingapfuuri 3 m kureba. Inokura ne5 cm pagore. Makwati egrey emuti wakura anoumba mitswe inoyevedza yakatsvuka. Yellowish villi yenhungirwa diki inochinja ruvara kuita rwepepuru nekufamba kwenguva.

Ndiani achazvifarira. Kune avo vasati vave nemhando yekushanyira kadhi yesaiti, iyo huru yekutaura iyo inokurumidza kubata ziso uye inoyeukwa kwenguva yakareba. Ichi ndicho chirimwa chinodiwa nevarimi vebindu, varimi veminda, nokuti vazhinji vavo vanoremekedza muchengeti weGermany Günther Horstmann, uyo akaunza izvi zvakasiyana-siyana pakati pe80s yezana remakore rapfuura.

Chii chinoshamisa. Zvinoita sekuti Silverlock fir yakafukidzwa nechando kunyangwe pamazuva anodziya. Uye zvose nokuti tsono dzakapfava dzinoshandura ruvara - kubva pamucheka wakajeka pahunde kusvika kune bhuruu kusvika kumagumo ebazi. Tsono dzakakombama zvisingaite mudenderedzwa uye zvinoita sekunge muti wese uri kupenya. Hazvina tsanga kuti zita, zvisinei, nekumwe kutambanudza rinogona kududzirwa kubva kuChirungu sesirivha curl. Pakazosvika makore masere, muchirimo, imwe yekushongedza inoonekwa pafir - yakakura yepepuru koni (7 × 3 cm) muchimiro chekoni kana cylinder, inonamatira kumusoro senge makenduru eGore Idzva.

Kudyara kupi. Hapana nzvimbo iri nani yeSilberlok pane pedyo negomo rakatsvinda reAlpine kana pakati pemubhedha wemaruva, lawn yakanyatsogadzirwa, pamahombekombe edziva rekugadzira. Fir inotaridzika zvakanaka pamwe chete nebarberry, thuja, juniper. Kana chirongwa chacho chiri chikuru, ndeyekutanga kuisa miti yakadai secheni inokosha yakakomberedza nzvimbo duku kana nzira uye nzira.

Kuchengeta sei. Silberlok inonzwa yakanaka munzvimbo ine zuva uye kunyange mumumvuri usina kukwana. Zvisinei, fir inofanira kudzivirirwa kubva kumhepo ine simba uye zvinyorwa. Mushure mokudiridza zvine mwero, ivhu rinofanira kusunungurwa kurwisana nevhu revhu.

dhayamondi

Kuchenjera. Ichi chirimwa chakasvibirira chinogona kutsungirira mamiriro akaomarara pasina kurasikirwa nekunaka kwayo. Iyo yakajairwa kureba ndeye 30 - 50 cm, asi iyi ndiyo nzira iyo fir ine makore mashanu, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwegore kwe 4 cm. Tsono kubva pa8 kusvika 20 mm, girini inopenya ine yakaderera, yakareruka yakareba mitsetse. Korona iri muchimiro chepiro kana bhora rine dhayamita risingapfuuri 0,8 m. Iyo fir yakashongedzwa neoval cones, iyo inoshanduka kubva ku lilac kusvika kune brown nekufamba kwenguva. Midzi pedyo nepamusoro. Fir anorarama makore 300 - 400.

Ndiani achazvifarira. Connoisseurs yekunhuhwirira kwakapfava, nekuti tsono dzefir dzinoburitsa kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana uye kunonakidza kwazvo ine lemon tint. Fir ichanakidza uye aesthetes, zvechokwadi havazomira pakutora chirimwa chimwe. Vaunganidzi vekoniferi havazorambi muKorea akadaro, nokuti gwenzi richava dhaimondi chaiyo mukuunganidza kwemiti yakadaro. Fir ichakumbirawo kune avo vanotambura nekushaya hope kana kuti kazhinji migraines semuporesi anobudirira, akasimwa mukona yakakosha yekuzorora uye kuparadzira phytoncides yekurapa kumativi ose.

Chii chinoshamisa. Mukuwedzera kune mamwe mabhenefiti anobatanidza Korean fir, iyi mhuka haisi yekugadzira, yakagadzirwa nevarimi, asi yakasikwa, primordial, rimwe nerimwe bazi iro rakatanga kutemwa neruoko rusingaoneki rwemifananidzo.

Kudyara kupi. Dhaimondi rinogona kukura mumumvuri uye muzuva, rinokwana mune chero nzvimbo, nekuda kwemidzi yaro yakaomesesa inopindirana zviri nyore muhari madiki nemapoto emaruva. Iyo yekupedzisira inowanzoiswa pamativi ese maviri emasuo enzvimbo kana terasi. Esotericists vanotenda kuti fir inodzinga zvakaipa uye inokwezva kunaka uye mufaro kuimba uye kune saiti. Mwana wefir akanaka zvisingaite muzvinyorwa zvedombo. Inofarira ivhu rine acidity yakawanda, saka gomba rekudyara rakafukidzwa nepamusoro-moor peat (20 kg pa 1 sq. M).

Kuchengeta sei. Munguva yechando mukati memugwagwa wepakati, gwenzi harigoni kuvharwa, sezvo richishivirira kutonhora kusvika -29 ° C, zvisinei, kupisa kwakasimba uye kwenguva refu hakuna kunaka kwairi uye zvino zvakakodzera kuitonhodza nekusasa kana mhute yekugadzira. kana paine kuiswa kwakadaro).

Molly

Molly (Yakapfava). Chirimwa chinorarama kwemakore 300, chinogona kukura kusvika mamita mana uye kusvika korona dhayamita 4 m. Asi muti haungafadzwi nezviyero zvakadaro nokukurumidza, sezvo inokura zvishoma nezvishoma - ne 3 - 6 cm pakureba pagore.

Ndiani achazvifarira. Molly akanakira avo vasingazive maitiro kana kusada kukanganisa nekuchekerera, nekuti haadi kuumbwa. Runako rwakafananidzwa, sekutonga, harumborasikirwi nechimiro chekoni ine korona yepiramidi uye inotungira ichikwira kumusoro.

Chii chinoshamisa. Tsano dzakasvibira dzakasvibira dzakapfava (2 - 3 cm) dzinopenya, sekunge dzakafukidzwa nekupenya. Kubva pasi, tsono imwe neimwe ine silvery nekuda kwemavara maviri akareruka. Macones (5,5 × 2 cm) anotanga aita bhuruu ane tint yepepuru, asi kana aibva, anoshanduka kuita shava zvinoyevedza mugore rekutanga, uye anodonha nemwaka wechipiri.

Kudyara kupi. Molly ifiri yega, yakanaka semuti wakasununguka, kure nemakwara kuitira kuti pasave nemunhu anobata matavi asina kusimba, akatsemuka nyore nyore. Muruzhowa, simiti ichashanda zvakanaka nekuda kwekorona yayo yakaoma, kunyangwe isingatenderi shading zvakanaka - inotambanudza uye inokotama.

Kuchengeta sei. Dyara muvhu rakaorera, rakanyoroveswa, rakasununguka, rine acidic zvishoma. Sarudza nzvimbo kamwechete uye zvachose, nokuti chirimwa hachibvumiri kuiswa. Mvura zvine mwero, nekuti Molly anotambura zvakanyanya nekusanaya kwemvura. Pekugara munguva yechando kubva kuchando, mhepo, kupisa kwezuva kwechirimo uye shanduko yakasimba yekushisa.

Blue Emperor

Blue Emperor (BhuruuEmperor). Dwarf akasiyana anosvika 1,5 m kureba uye hupamhi. Korona-mutsago wechimiro chisina kujairika, chinokambaira pasi. Iko hakuna pfuti yepakati, matavi ese ari kutamba uye anokura 5-8 cm pagore.

Tsono dzacho dzine sirivha-blue, tsono dzacho ipfupi, dzakashongedzwa nemitsetse miviri michena yakafara pazasi, yakatenderedzwa zvishoma kumagumo semashizha.

Ndiani achazvifarira. Kune varidzi vezvimedu zvidiki, Blue Emperor yakanaka. Haitore nzvimbo yakawanda uye inogona kudimurwa zvine mwero kana ikakura zvakanyanya.

Chii chinoshamisa. Kutarisa kumusoro, semamwe mafiresi eKorea, bhuruu kana yepepuru makoni yeiyi shrub inoonekwa muhuwandu hunoshamisa kunyangwe pamiti midiki. Iwo akareba mune ellipse 4-7 masendimita kureba, uye zvikero zvekuvhara zvakakotama, semaruva anotumbuka emapuranga. Blue Emperor inopesana nezvirwere zvefungal uye mamiriro akashata. Kunze kwekusvibiswa kwegasi uye utsi, gwenzi ravo harishiviriri.

Kudyara kupi. Blue Emperor ichashongedza diki maruva kuronga, dombo gadheni, gadheni mune yekumabvazuva maitiro. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti garaji rinomira kure.

Kuchengeta sei. Iyi fir inodiridzwa zvakanyanya nekusasa mukupisa. Makore matatu ekutanga mushure mekudyara, makwenzi anofukidzwa munguva yechando uye panguva yekudzoka kwechando chechando, uye ivhu rinoputirwa.

Kohouts Icebreaker

Kohout's Icebreaker. Izvi zvakare zvakaderera zvakasiyana, zvine chimiro chedense piro ine dhayamita isingapfuuri 1,0 - 1,2 m. Pazera remakore gumi, haipfuuri masendimita makumi matatu pakureba, kunyange zvazvo inosvika pakureba kwe10 - 30 cm. Inotumidzwa zita remusiki wemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, muchengeti weGermany . Iro zita rinoturikirwa kubva kuGerman se "Kogout's icebreaker".

Ndiani achazvifarira. Shrub ichakwezva kune wese anoda zvisingawanzo, zvakanyanyisa, zvakaoma. Avo vanogara munzvimbo dzinotonhora zvikuru dzechando vachafadzwawo nefir iyi, sezvo inoshivirira zvakakwana kutonhora kwakanyanya, asi kwete mhepo.

Chii chinoshamisa. Kohouts Icebreaker inoita kunge yakasaswa zvimedu zveaizi uye mukupisa nekutaridzika kwayo kwese kunounza kutonhorera. Iyo fungidziro inogadzirwa neakapfava uye mapfupi tsono, 2 cm imwe neimwe, yakasimba yakakotama kumusoro, iyo inoratidza yakaderera sirivheri-bhuruu divi. Mazano akagomara etsono anoratidza kuti aya ma ice chips. Cute cones-makenduru ane saizi 6 × 3 cm.

Kudyara kupi. Nzvimbo yakanaka igadheni redombo reJapan paivhu rine acidity shoma. A rocker achaitawo. Uye zvakare, nhasi zvine fashoni kuisa zvidyarwa zvidiki zvisina kujairika mumidziyo yekushongedza, mabhavhu ekugadzira uye mapoto emaruva, achiaisa pamateru, lawn, pedyo ne gazebos.

Kuchengeta sei. Mukupisa, unofanira kugara uchidiridza zvine mwero. Zvikasadaro, iyi fir haikonzeri dambudziko.

Kudyara Korean fir

Zviri nani kufambisa fir yeKorea muvhu rakavhurika kana iine makore 3-4, uye zvisati zvaitika inofanira kunge iri mumidziyo kumba kana mugreenhouse. Nepo mbesa dzichiri diki, dzinenge dziri panjodzi, uye chero diki diki rinogona kuvauraya. Aya mashura ekutanga kwehupenyu hwavo haashingirire chando chedu, zvisinei kuti unoafukidza sei. Asi kana vakasimba uye vakaomeswa, vanokura zvakajairika munzira yepakati uye mudunhu reMoscow. Uye kuFar East, ivo vanozowanzo shamisa, sezvo padhuze inzvimbo yekuzvarwa yefir - Korea uye yakakura kwazvo, UNESCO-yakachengetedzwa inoputika chitsuwa Jeju - mbereko yezvirimwa izvi.

Mbeu dzemhando dzakawanda dzinoda semi-mumvuri uye nzvimbo dzakadzikama, dzakasarudzwa kamwe chete uye zvachose, nekuti kutapurirana kunowanzo kunetsa kushivirira. Kana midzi yezvakasiyana-siyana ichipararira zvakasimba muhupamhi, saka hapafaniri kuva nevavakidzani vari pedyo. Vanosiya chinhambwe che4-5 m pakati pemiti mikuru mumikoto, 3-3,5 m mumapoka akasununguka uye 2,5 m mukudyara kwakakora. Mutsipa wemidzi unofanirwa kunge uri pasi, saka, nekuda kwekuderera kwevhu, mbeu inozoiswa kuitira kuti midzi yemidzi ive 10-20 cm pamusoro pepamusoro. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune makuru.

Ivhu rakasununguka uye rinovaka muviri rine acidity shoma inodiwa. Kunyangwe paine zvisizvo, zvakakosha kutevedzera zvinokurudzirwa zvinopihwa mukutsanangurwa kweimwe siyana.

Munzvimbo dzakadzika, mirwi yemisipiresi inogadzirwa kuitira kuti pasave nokudzika kwemvura. Kutanga, vanochera gomba rinenge 70 cm yakadzika, dhayamita rayo rinoenderana nehukuru hwekorona. Zvidhinha zvakaputsika, jecha kana ivhu rakawedzerwa rinoradzikwa pasi, ipapo musara wevhu rebindu uye peat. Midzi yembeu inopesana nezvirwere zvefungal inonyikwa kwehafu yeawa mune isina simba mhinduro ye potassium permanganate.

Mbeu inodyarwa pamurwi wakaitwa pakati pegomba, midzi inogoverwa kumativi, yakafukidzwa nevhu, yakasungirirwa. Pakarepo diridza chirimwa, kushandisa 2 mabhakiti emvura. Kudyara mulch nesawdust kana tsono dzakaoma. Kudiridza kunoitwa zuva rega rega kusvikira tsono nyowani dzichionekwa. Zvakanaka, ipapo sezvinodiwa.

Korean fir care

Korean fir inodiridzwa nemvura zvine mwero, 3 nguva pamwaka, kaviri pamwedzi panguva yekusanaya kwemvura, uye kusaswa kunoshandiswawo mumamiriro okunze anopisa. Sunungura uye vhara ivhu nguva nenguva.

Mumakore matatu - kwete kare! - fir inoiswa fetiraiza yakaoma kune conifers, semuenzaniso, Florovit, iri mvura, aerosol uye granular. Dzimwe sarudzo - Fertika yemakoniferi, Bona Forte coniferous, Aquarin coniferous. Dzokorora kupfeka kwepamusoro kamwe chete pagore.

Prune korona kana zvichidikanwa kubvisa matavi akaoma, anorwara uye akakuvadzwa. Nguva yakakwana yekuita ndeyekutanga kwechirimo, muto usati wayerera.

Mafiritsi madiki echando anodzivirirwa nenhovo, akaputirwa neagrofibre. Vakuru havatyi chando, asi dzimwe nguva mapuropu anoiswa pasi pematavi makuru kuitira kuti arege kuputsa pasi pemazaya echando.

Kubereka kweKorea fir

Pane nzira nhatu dzekuparadzira yako yaunofarira yeKorea fir. Ichokwadi, havasi vose vari pasi rose, vakakodzera chero zvakasiyana-siyana.

Mbeu. Mbeu dzinotorwa kubva mumakoni anovhurika mukudonha uye dzinochengetwa kwemwedzi pane zvishoma zvishoma-zero tembiricha kuitira kuti ikurumidze kumera. Zvadaro zvakanyoroveswa kwezuva mumvura inodziya, yakadyarwa mumudziyo nevhu rakasununguka kusvika pakadzika 2 cm, yakafukidzwa nefirimu uye kuisa munzvimbo inodziya. Mushure memavhiki matatu, nhungirwa dzinoonekwa, iyo, pakureba kwemasendimita gumi, inosimwa mumidziyo yakasiyana kwenguva yakareba semakore matatu. Iyi nzira yakakodzera, semuenzaniso, yeSilberlok, Blue Emperor.

Cuttings. MunaEpril, kucheka kwe 10-20 cm kunochekwa pakona kubva pamiti yegore negore, iyo inenge iine bundu repamusoro uye chitsitsinho (chidimbu chebark), tsono dzinobviswa kubva pasi ne 2-3 cm, dzakachengetwa mumhinduro yeKornevin. kwezuva uye akavigwa mujecha pakona ye45 °. Iyo cuttings inochengetwa pasi pefirimu mu greenhouse kwemwedzi mina, uye yatova nemidzi iyo inotamirwa kune imwe neimwe hari nemusanganiswa wejecha uye peat yekukura. Mbeu dzakadaro mugore dzakagadzirira kutora nzvimbo yavo panzvimbo panzvimbo yakazaruka.

Akaturikidzana. Mapazi ezasi, sezvo mumhando dzakawanda anenge achikambaira pasi, akakotama, anosunga nemastaples kana slingshots uye anosasa ne5 cm yevhu. Munguva yemwaka, nhungirwa dzinopa midzi. Mushure megore kana maviri, zvidimbu zvinonyatsoparadzaniswa, zvakasimwa uye zvinotarisirwa sevana vaduku.

Nzira mbiri dzekupedzisira dzakakodzera mafiritsi ayo akaoma kana kusakwanisa kuwana mbeu (Kohouts Icebreaker), uyewo kubva kumahybrids (Molly).

Korean fir zvirwere

Korean fir inopesana zvikuru nezvirwere, uye kana ichitambura, inongova nekutarisira kusina kunaka kana kusava nehanya. Kuwedzera kunyorova kuzere nekuora kwemidzi uye zvinogona kufa kwechirimwa. Zuva rakasimba uye rinopenya rechirimo rinotsamwisa mavara matsvuku pane tsono dzisina kuchengetedzwa nenguva.

Zvirwere zvefungal hazviiti chete nekuda kwemvura, asiwo nekuda kwekorona yakanyanya. Vanoratidzika semavara ebrown pachirimwa, tsono dzinoita yero, dzinoputsika. Izvo zvinodikanwa kubvisa nzvimbo dzisina hutano, kuzora zvikamu negomba rebindu kana bio-balm Robin green, Gum, RanNet paste, rosin, acrylic kana pendi yemafuta uye kupfapfaidza chirimwa nemusanganiswa weBordeaux (2).

Varidzi vanoremekedza veKorea firs uye vateresi vanoita yakakosha prophylaxis kurwisa zvirwere: mukutanga kwechirimo vanopfapfaidzwa nemishonga ine mhangura (HOM, Abiga Peak, blue vitriol) uye nekunyatsochekererwa.

Korean fir zvipembenene

Munyika yedu, 3 vavengi vakuru veKorea fir vari kukanganisa. Vanongoonekwa chete apo mamiriro ekugara akakodzera evakadzi vekuKorea asina kusangana.

Hermes (3). Kapembenene kadiki aka (2 mm) kanosveta muto kubva kumiti midiki. Kutaura zvazviri, iaphid. Iwe haugone kuona pakarepo zvipembenene, asi zvimiro zvekuvapo kwavo zvinonyatsooneka: chena, sekotoni fluff, pamwe nemarara akafanana nemapundu, nenzira, inoyevedza.

Mushonga mutsva wakaoma unopesana naHermes - Pinocid (2). Iyo tsono inoputirwa nemhinduro yekushanda (2 ml pa 10 malita emvura), kushandisa kubva pa1 kusvika ku5 litita, zvichienderana nezera uye kukura kwemuti. Kurapa kwakadaro kwezuva kunobvisa chipembenene.

Mimwe mishonga yakakodzera yekurwisa Hermesi ndiKesari, Basalo, Confidor, Aktara, Prestige, Rogor. Mineral oiri inopa mhedzisiro yakanaka, iyo inonyungudutsa chena fluff uye inoita kuti mhute iite panjodzi.

Spruce moth. Chipembenene chine mapapiro pachacho hachityisi semakonye ayo, anodya migumo yenhungirwa, mushure mokunge aoma.

Makonye anozununguswa, anounganidzwa uye anoparadzwa nemaoko. Miti yacho inosaswa nicotine sulfate uye sipo, uye matavi akakuvadzwa anotemwa uye anopiswa mukuwa.

Leaflet. Butterfly diki (kusvika 2,5 cm) inodya muto weaphid, asi gonye rayo rine mvere, yekutanga yero-yegirini, ipapo uchi hwakasviba, inokuvadza zvakananga fir. Achibuda mumabukira, anoputira migumo yenhungirwa nedandemutande uye anodya tsono diki. Mhuka dzinoverengeka dzinoparadza pafirs - mafuta emashizha emashizha, tsono nyuchi, bud, mhodzi yekoni, pamwe chete nemusoro mutsvuku uye mutsvuku.

Muchirimo, uye kana paine mapepa akawanda, ipapo muzhizha fir inopfapfaidzwa pamwe neFufanon (2) kana Actellik, Decis Profi, Kemifos, Mheni, Mutungamiriri, Spark, Inta-vir.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Takataura nezveKorea fir nayo сmusarudzo, mumiriri

Zvekurima Sayenzi Valentina Kokareva.

Zvitubu zve

1. Miti nemakwenzi eUSSR. Musango, wakarimwa uye unovimbisa sumo / Ed. mavhoriyamu S.Ya. Sokolov uye BK Shishkin. // M-L .: Publishing House yeAcademy of Sciences yeUSSR, 1949. -TI Gymnosperms. – 464 p.
2. Katalog yehurumende yemishonga yezvipembenene neagrochemicals yakabvumidzwa kushandiswa munharaunda yeFederation kubva munaChikunguru 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/
3. Zerova M., Mamontova V., Ermolenko V., Dyakonchuk L., Sinev S., Kozlov M. Gall-kugadzira zvipembenene zvezvirimwa zvakarimwa uye zvesango zveEurope chikamu cheU.SR. Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera // Kyiv, 1991.