Mukati
Rangarira mitsetse kubva The Tale of Tsar Saltan?
Squirrel inoimba nziyo
Hongu, anotsenga nzungu dzose.
Asi nzungu hadzisi nyore,
Makungu ese igoridhe,
Iyo nuclei ndeye emerald yakachena.
Pushkin inodana muti uyu spruce. Asi, sezviri pachena, aisaziva botany zvakanaka, nekuti spruce haina chero nzungu. Vari pedyo nemupaini wemisidhari. Uye iyi ndeimwe yemiti inodhura zvikuru, saka "makungu egoridhe" uye "kernels akachena emerald" akakodzera zvikuru kwavari.
Mhando dzemisidhari pine
Uye heino chimwe chinhu chinonakidza: cedar pine haisi imwe mhando. Kune ina yazvo mune zvakasikwa!
Siberian
Siberian misidhari paini (Pinus sibirica) muti muhombe kwazvo, unosvika kureba 20 - 25 m, asi kune mienzaniso ye 35 - 40 m imwe neimwe. Uye kureba kwehunde yayo kunogona kusvika 2 m. Ndiko kuti, kana uchizoidyara panzvimbo, funga zviyero Anoda nzvimbo yakawanda.
Korona yemupine yeSiberia yakaoma, ine matavi akakora uye kazhinji ine nhongonya dzakawanda. Iyo inenge 8 m kureba. Tsono dzakareba kwazvo, dzinosvika 15 cm uye dzakapfava. Yakaunganidzwa mumasumbu e5 tsono.
Mhando iyi yemisidhari yemisidhari inorarama paavhareji kwemakore anenge 250, asi kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAltai kune mienzaniso ine makore 800 - 850 makore! Nenzira, ndiyo Altai iyo inonzi inzvimbo yekuberekwa kweSiberia pine. Uye yakawanda yemiti iyi (80%) inokura muNyika Yedu. Iyo 20% yasara inogona kuonekwa kumabvazuva kweKazakhstan uye kuchamhembe kweMongolia.
Mipaini yeSiberia yakakura inobereka avhareji ye12 kg yenzungu pagore, asi mimwe miti inogona kubereka kusvika 50 kg. Koni imwe neimwe ine mhodzi 30-150, asi inoibva kwenguva yakareba - mwedzi 14-15. Cedar pine inotanga kubereka muchero pazera remakore makumi matanhatu! Asi zvinoitika gare gare. Uye inopa goho rakanaka kamwechete mumakore 60 - 1, asi kazhinji kamwechete pamakore mana (3). Iwe unonzwisisa ikozvino nei nzungu dzichifananidzwa negoridhe-emerald?
Mhando
The selection of Siberian cedar pines in Our Country is carried out by the Institute of Forests. V.N. Sukachev of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences, as well as private nurseries. As of 2021, the catalog of the Society for Breeding and Introduction of Conifers lists 58 varieties of Siberian pine (2).
Nyanzvi dzinopatsanura mhando uye clones yeSiberian misidhari mapaini mumapoka matatu.
Muchero wakareba - vanosvika pakukwirira kwakafanana sehama dzavo dzomusango, asi makoni anopa kare kare - atova makore maviri mushure mekudzivirira, uye mushure memakore gumi - gumi nemaviri vanosvika pakakwirira ye fruiting.
FDA. Iyi cultivar yakatumidzwa zita rekutanga kwemusayendisiti Fyodor Dmitrievich Avrov, uyo akazvipira hupenyu hwake hwose pakudzidza kwemiti ye coniferous. Miti yacho yakareba, inopa 30 cm yekukura pagore uye inosvika 10 m nezera re4,5. Tsono dzakasvibira, 10-11 cm kureba. Makoni ane hukuru hwakazara, uye goho reiyi clone rakakwirira 2 nguva kupfuura yehama dzayo dzomusango. Pasina matambudziko anomira nechando kusvika -40 ° C.
Kress (Kress). Iyi mhando yakaunzwa mukurima muna 1992 uye yakatumidzwa zita rekutanga gavhuna wedunhu reTomsk, Viktor Kress. Muti wacho wakareba, unopa kukura kwe 30 cm pamwaka uye unosvika kureba kwemamita gumi nezera re10. Tsono dzakasvibira, dzinenge 4,5 cm kureba. Inotanga kubereka muchero gore rinotevera mushure mekubatanidza. Goho rakapetwa ka10 pane remupaini wemusango. Asi mapundu acho ari madiki. Inoshingirira kuchando kusvika -2 °C.
Chibereko chinokura zvishoma - kureba kwavo kunobva pa20 kusvika ku50% yehurefu hwemapine emusango. Aya ndiwo anonzi "mitsvairo yevaroyi" (BM) - shanduko dzechisikigo dzemapazi ega ega, ayo anoratidzirwa nekukura kwakaderera uye kusimba. Vanonamatidzwa pane zvimwe zvirimwa vobva vaparadzirwa. Vanotanga kubereka michero makore 4-5 mushure mekudzivirira uye vanopa gumi nemaviri makoni - madiki muhukuru, asi akazara. Zvisinei, pane dambudziko - ma clones pachawo haabudisi mukume. MuSiberia, mhando dzakadaro dzinopa goho pasina matambudziko, sezvo kune akawanda emisidhari anokura musango mutaiga, uye muEurope chikamu cheNyika Yedu vanoda akasiyana-siyana epollinator.
Mutori wenhau (Rekordistka). Iyi clone yakawana zita rayo nekuda kwekubereka kunoshamisa - goho rayo i10 (!) nguva dzakakwirira kudarika dzemusango (1). Mutsika kubva muna 1995. Miti yakaderera, nezera remakore gumi inosvika 10 - 30 cm, kwekanguva inopa kuwedzera kwe 90 - 2,5 cm chete. Tsono dzakasvibira, pfupi - 7,5 - 5 cm. Macones angangoita 7 times madiki pane ayo emhando. Yakanyanya kurwisa chando clone, inomira kusvika -2 ° C.
Plantation (Plantationnyj). Zita remhando iyi rinotaurawo pacharo - rinokurudzirwa kuisa minda yemabhizimisi, nokuti kukohwa kwayo kwakapetwa ka 4 kudarika kwepaini yemusango. Mutsika kubvira 1998. Kureba kwemuti pamakore gumi ndeye 10 - 0,9 m. Munguva yemwaka inopa kuwedzera kwe1,8 - 7,5 cm. Tsono dzakasvibira, dzakapfupika zvishoma pane mhando - 15 - 8 cm kureba. Makoni zvakare madiki - 9% yehukuru hwakajairwa. Inotanga kubereka michero pakarepo mushure mekubatanidza.
President (President). Iyi clone yakaunzwa mutsika muna 1992. Muna 2002, muti mumwe wakaratidzwa kumakore makumi mashanu eMutungamiri wedu Vladimir Putin uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvakapiwa zita mukukudza kwake.
Pakutanga - Putin, ipapo vakamutumidza zita rekuti Mutungamiriri (iwe uchaona kuti nei mukutsanangurwa kwemhando inotevera). Iye zvino ndiyo imwe yemhando dzakakurumbira dzeSiberia pine. Kureba kwemuti nemakore gumi ndeye 10 - 0,9 m. Kukura kwegore negore ndeye 1,8 - 7,5 cm. Goho rakapetwa kashanu kupfuura yemhando, asi koni idiki zvishoma (15% yezvakasikwa). Tsono dzakapfupika zvishoma (5 - 80 cm), asi 7 nguva dzakakora. Pasina matambudziko anotsungirira chando kusvika -8 ° C.
Oligarch (Oligarkh). The variety was introduced into cultivation in 1992 and named after the well-known oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky at that time. Initially, this clone only had the working name “clone 03”. But in 2003, one such tree was presented to Khodorkovsky. And they decided that they would name him in honor of the eminent recipient – Khodorkovsky. However, a few days later, the famous oligarch was arrested. A little later, journalists from the Healthy Food Near Me newspaper arrived at the nursery where these two clones were bred, and an article was published in the network: “Not only Khodorkovsky, but also Putin, was imprisoned in Tomsk.” Well, that is, it was about new cedar pines. But the author of these varieties, out of harm’s way, decided to rename them President and Oligarch.
Oligarch imuti wakaoma, pazera remakore gumi inosvika pakukwirira kwe10 - 0,9 m, inokura ne1,8 - 7 cm pamwaka. Tsono dzakasvibira, dzakapfupika kupfuura dzemhando dzepine, chete 15 - 5 cm kureba, asi 6 nguva dzakakora . Goho reiyi clone rakapetwa ka4-7 kupfuura yemhando. Asi macones madiki ka8. Fruiting gore rimwe mushure mekubatanidza. Kupikisa kwechando - kusvika -2 ° С.
Avrov. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva kuFDA, zvakatsaurirwa kune musayendisiti Dmitry Avrov uye akatumidzwa zita rake. Yakaunzwa mutsika muna 1994. Miti yake iduku, pazera remakore gumi kureba kwavo kunongova 10 - 30 cm, kwegore vanopa kuwedzera kwe90 - 2,5 cm. Tsono dzakasvibira, dzakapfupika (7,5 - 5 cm), asi dzakakora katatu pane dzemhando yechisikigo. Makoni nenzungu zvidiki kaviri pane zvemusango wepaini, asi goho rakakwirira 7-3 nguva. Kuramba kwechando - kusvika -2 ° С.
Pakati pemamwe marudzi anobereka, munhu anogona kucherechedza (mumabhuraketi anoratidzwa kuti kangani iwo akakwirira mugoho kune emusango mapine): Seminsky (7) Altyn-Kol (5) Iye naiye (4) Stoktysh (4) Highlander (4) (2).
Mhando dzeshongedzo dzinokura zvishoma - vane korona dzakapfava dzechimiro chaidzo, dzimwe nguva dzine ruvara rusina kujairika rwetsono, uye dzinokura zvishoma nezvishoma.
Narcissus. Iyi yakasiyana-siyana ine spherical shape. Pazera remakore gumi, inosvika pakukura kwe10 - 30 cm. Tsono dzayo dzakasvibira, dzakareruka kudarika dzemhando dzepaini. Iyo tsono ipfupi (90 - 5 cm) uye 7 nguva dzakakora. Izvo chaizvo hazvigadziri makoni, uye kana zvikaonekwa, hazvina kuroora uye chete ekutanga makore 8-2 mushure mekudzivirira. Inoshingirira kuchando kusvika -3 °C. Dzimwe nguva (kashoma) inopisa zvishoma muchirimo. Inoda gore negore stonecrop yekorona kubva kune yekare yakaomeswa tsono.
Emerald (Izumrud). Zita remhando dzakasiyana-siyana rinoratidza chimiro chayo chikuru - tsono dzayo dzine turquoise hue. The clone is semi-dwarf, nezera remakore gumi inosvika kureba kwe10 - 90 m, kukura kwegore ndeye 1,8 - 7,5 cm. Korona yakakura, yakamira kana kuti oval. Tsono ipfupi, 15-5 masendimita, asi 7 nguva dzakakora kupfuura iwo chaiwo mapaini. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyange zvazvo zviri zvekushongedza, asi zvinobereka michero zvakanaka - goho remakoni rakakwirira 4 nguva kupfuura yehama dzayo dzomusango. Asi ivo idiki ka2,5. Iyo yakasiyana-siyana inoshamisa inopesana nechando, inomira kusvika -2 ° C. Asi inogona kukanganiswa nechirwere - Hermes, saka, inoda kurapwa kwegore negore ne systemic insecticides (Engio kana Atkara). Kamwe pagore muchirimo, tsono dzakaoma dzinoda kucheneswa kubva korona.
Biosphere (Biosphere). Iyi ndeimwe yemhando yekutanga yekushongedza yeSiberia pine ine spherical korona chimiro. Ichokwadi, iri kure nebhora rakakodzera - rine oval. Chirimwa chacho chipfupi, pamakore gumi chakareba 10 - 30 cm uye chinokura ne 90 - 2,5 cm pagore. Tsono dzakasvibirira, dzakapfupika zvishoma pane dzemhando dzepines (anenge 7,5 cm), asi 7 - 5 nguva dzakakora. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobereka michero - goho rayo rakakwirira 6 nguva kupfuura yemiti yemapine. Asi macones madiki ka2. Kupikisa kwechando kwakanyanya kwazvo - kusvika -2 ° С. Kamwe pagore, unoda kuchenesa tsono dzekare kubva korona.
zvekuEurope
European cedar pine (Pinus cembra) inowanzoitika muEurope, mitsara yaro iduku zvikuru uye yakaiswa munzvimbo mbiri: kubva kumaodzanyemba kweFrance kusvika kumatunhu ekumabvazuva eAlps, uye muTatra neCarpathian makomo.
Mhando iyi yakaderera pane hama yayo Siberian cedar pine - kureba kunowanzoita 10 - 15 m, asi inogona kusvika ku25 m. Uye hunde dhayamita inosvika 1,5 m. Iyo tsono ndeye 5 - 9 cm kureba, yakaunganidzwa mumasumbu e5 pcs. Makoni madiki, 4-8 cm kureba, asi nzungu dzakakura - dzinenge 1 cm kureba.
Iyi pine inonyanya kupisa kupfuura hanzvadzi yayo yeSiberia, inotsungirira chando kusvika -34 ° C, asi inokura zvakanaka muMoscow - kune miti yakawanda muBiryulevsky arboretum.
Mhando
Ane marudzi mashoma, asi achiri nesarudzo.
Glauka (Glauca). Pakazosvika makore gumi, miti inosvika kureba kwe10 - 2,5 m. Tsono dzake dzakareba, dzakaunganidzwa mumasumbu e3 pcs. Kukosheswa kwemavara asina kujairika etsono - iri bluish-sirivha. Kurwisana nechando - kusvika -5 ° С.
Ortler (Ortler). Mhando yakasiyana-siyana isingawanzoitiki inofanana ne“mutsvairo wemuroyi” inobva kuAlps. Miti yacho yakaderera, yakabatana, pazera remakore gumi haipfuuri 10-30 cm, inopa kuwedzera kwe 40-3 cm pagore. Chimiro chekorona chakaita denderedzwa, chisina kujairika. Shoots yehurefu hwakasiyana, saka zvinomera zvinowanzofanana ne bonsai. Tsono ipfupi, bhuruu-grey-girini.
Glauca Trento (Glauca Trento). This is a variety, a clone of a wild pine from Northern Italy – from the outskirts of the city of Trento. In culture since 1996. Trees by the age of 10 years reach a height of 1,8 – 4,5 m and give an increase of 15 – 30 cm per year. Needles 8-9 cm long, blue-green. Fruiting begins a few years after vaccination. The harvest of cones does not give every year, but it is formed from a lot. The frost resistance of this variety is much higher than that of its European ancestors – up to -45 ° C.
Spb (Spb). Zita rezvakasiyana-siyana rakapiwa mukukudza St. Mutsika kubvira 1997. Inokura nekukurumidza, 30 cm pagore uye inosvika kureba kwemamita gumi nezera re10. Tsono dzakareba, dzinenge 4,5 cm, girinhi-bhuruu muruvara. Inotanga kubereka michero makore 10-10 mushure mekubatanidza. Makoni haana kuumbwa gore rega rega, asi muhuwandu hwakawanda. Kuramba kwechando - kusvika -15 ° С.
korean
Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) inokura musango muKorea, Japan, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweChina uye kubva kuNyika Yedu - kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAmur Region, muPrimorsky neKhabarovsk Territories. Munyika yedu, kashoma uye akanyorwa muRed Book.
Miti yacho yakareba kwazvo, inosvika 40-50 m, uye hunde inosvika 2 m muhupamhi. Iyo tsono yakareba kwazvo, inosvika masendimita makumi maviri, yakaunganidzwa mumasumbu e20 pcs. Makoni akakura, anosvika 5 cm kureba, uye nzungu dzinosvika pakureba 17 - 1,5 cm. Anosvika mazana mashanu makoni anogona kuibva panguva imwe chete pamuti mumwe wevakuru, uye kusvika ku2 nzungu mune imwe neimwe. Pasi pemamiriro echisikigo, inotanga kubereka michero kubva pazera remakore makumi matanhatu - 500 makore, goho rinobereka makore ose 150 - 60. Miti inorarama makore 120 - 3. Kupokana kwechando kwemusidhari weKorea kunoshamisa - kusvika -4 ° С.
Mhando
Silverey (Silveray). Mune izvi zvakasiyana-siyana, tsono dzine mithunzi miviri - rutivi rwepamusoro rwakasvibirira uye rutivi rwezasi rutema. Mukuwedzera, tsono dzakatenderedzwa dzakapoteredza axis yavo uye inotungamirirwa nenzira dzakasiyana, izvo zvinoita kuti muti utaridzike. Pazera remakore gumi, inosvika kureba kwemamita matatu, uye mienzaniso yevanhu vakuru haipfuuri 10 m. Tsono dzakareba 3-8 cm. Cones anosvika 9 cm. Kupokana nechando, maererano neakasiyana masosi, kunobva -20 ° C kusvika -17 ° C.
Jack Corbit. Imwe "curly" yakasiyana-siyana, asi kusiyana neSilverey, idiki - pamakore gumi, kureba kwayo hakupfuuri 10 m. Inokura 1,5-10 cm pagore. Tsono dzakareba, dzeruvara rweruvara. Makoni madiki, 15 cm kureba. Inotanga kubereka michero pamakore 10-10. Inoshingirira kuchando kusvika -25 °C.
Munyika Yedu, mapaini emisidhari yeKorea akasarudzwawo, uye marudzi anopfuura makumi maviri akave akazvarwa panguva ino (20). Pakati pavo pane zviduku, pazera remakore gumi, zvisingasviki 1 cm kureba (Anton, Dauria, Thermohydrograviodynamics, diki - 30 - 90 cm (Alenka, Anastasia, Aristocrat, Bonsai, Femina, Gosh, Xenia, Pandora, Perun, Stribog) uye semi-diki - 0,9 - 1,8 m (Dersu, Kizlyar-aga, Patriarch, Svyatogor, Veles) (2).
elfin
Elfin pine (Pinus pumila) inonyanya kuzivikanwa munyika yedu pasi pezita re elfin cedar. Nzvimbo huru yechirimwa ichi iri muNyika Yedu - inokura munenge muSiberia yese - kubva kunharaunda yeIrkutsk kusvika kuSakhalin, uye kuchamhembe inogona kuonekwa kunyange kupfuura Arctic Circle. Kunze kwenyika, kune nzvimbo diki chete dzine Siberian dwarf pine - mumakomo eMongolia, Northeast China neKorea.
Cedar elfin chirimwa chinokambaira, 30 - 50 cm kureba uye inokura zvishoma nezvishoma - 3 - 5 cm pagore. Iyo tsono ipfupi, 4-8 cm kureba, yakaunganidzwa mumasumbu anenge 5 pcs. Makoni madiki, 4-8 cm kureba, nzungu zvakare madiki - 5-9 mm. Inobereka michero makore ose 3-4. Uye kukohwa kwekutanga kunopa pazera re20 - 30 makore.
Mhando
Kune marudzi matanhatu chete emisidhari elfin, ose anoberekerwa Munyika Yedu (6): Alkanay, Ikawa, Yankus, Hamar-Daban, Kikimora, Kunashir. Ese aya ma clones ekuchinja kwechisikigo. Izvo zvakasiyana muchimiro chekorona, kureba, ruvara rwetsono (Kunashir, semuenzaniso, bhuruu) uye ese ari fluffy kwazvo. Zvinoshandiswa semiti yekushongedza. Asi vose vanobereka zvibereko. Kurwisana nechando mumhando idzi kunosvika -45 ° С.
Kudyara misidhari yemisidhari
Misidhari yemisidhari inoda kutengwa chete nemidzi yakavharwa midzi, kureva, mumidziyo - ine midzi isina midzi, inenge isingaiti midzi. Hapana chikonzero chekuchera gomba guru kune mbesa dzakadaro. Mutemo wemhando dzose ndewekuti:
- gomba dhayamita - 2 mudziyo madhayamita;
- gomba kudzika - 2 midziyo urefu.
Zvinobatsira kudurura dhiri remvura pasi pegomba - 10 - 20 cm. Inogona kuwedzerwa ivhu, dombo rakapwanyika kana zvidhinha zvakaputsika.
Kana ivhu riri pasaiti richirema, ivhu, zviri nani kuzadza gomba nevhu rakakosha remaconifers (inotengeswa muchitoro) kana kugadzirira musanganiswa wega - soddy ivhu, peat, jecha muchiyero che1: 2. : 2. Pagomba rimwe nerimwe, unoda kuwedzera bhakiti revhu kubva musango wepine (uye kunyange zviri nani kubva pasi pemisidhari yemisidhari) - ine mycorrhiza, iyo inobatsira muti muduku kuti utore midzi zviri nani munzvimbo itsva.
Zvakakodzera kudyara mapine emisidhari zvakanyatsonaka kuitira kuti bundu revhu rirege kuparara. Mutsipa wemidzi unofanirwa kuve wakanyunguduka pamwero wevhu - izvi zvinofanirwa kunyatsoongororwa.
Mushure mekudyara, mbeu inofanira kudiridzwa - 1 - 2 mabhakiti pambesa, zvichienderana nekukura kwayo. Mushure mekudiridza, zviri nani kuvhara ivhu - nepine kana larch bark, coniferous sawdust kana coniferous litter.
Kutarisira misidhari yepaini
Mhando dzese dzemisidhari dzakanyanya kusazvibata uye, kazhinji, dzinoda mamiriro akafanana ekukura.
Ground
Mipaini yemisidhari inokura pane chero ivhu, kunyange pajecha nematombo. Asi kupfuura zvose - pavhu rakaorera uye jecha rakaorera - ikoko vanopa goho guru renzungu (3).
Lighting
Misidhari yose ndeye photophilous plants. Pavanenge vachiri vaduku, vanogona kukura mumumvuri - zvakafanana zvinoitika mumasikirwo, vanokura pasi pekorona yemiti mikuru.
Mafomu evanhu vakuru akaderera anogona kudyarwa mumumvuri usina kukwana - izvi hazvizokanganisa kukura kwavo nekukura nenzira ipi zvayo, asi kune marudzi ekushongedza, ruvara rwetsono ruchave rwakajeka, uye kune marudzi emichero, zvibereko zvichave zvishoma. Saka zviri nani kuvatsvagira nzvimbo inopenya.
Kudiridza
Mipaini yemisidhari inoda kudiridza kwakawanda chete mushure mekudyara - kwemavhiki maviri mazuva ese maviri - matatu, 2 bhakiti remvura. Mune ramangwana, vanoda kudiridzwa chete mukusanaya kwakasimba uye kwenguva refu.
Mushure memakore mashanu ezera, kudiridza kunomira zvachose - midzi yemisidhari yemisidhari inopinda mukati mevhu uye inokwanisa kuwana unyoro ivo pachavo.
fertilizer
Paunenge uchidyara misidhari yemisidhari, kana ivhu rakashata, zvinobatsira kushandisa yakaoma organomineral fertilizer (chero ipi zvayo), asi muyero wayo unofanirwa kuderedzwa zvakanyanya - 30% yechiyero chinokurudzirwa chinofanira kushandiswa pasi pemiti iyi.
Kudyisa
Misidhari yakareba haidi kupfeka kwepamusoro - ine midzi ine simba kwazvo inopinda kusvika pakadzika hukuru uye inokura zvakasimba muhupamhi, kunze kwekufungidzira kwemidzi. Saka vachazviwanira zvokudya.
Asi mapaini akaderera anofanirwa kudyiswa - kutanga kwechirimo nefetireza yakakosha yemiti yeconiferous (inotengeswa munzvimbo dzebindu uye yakanyorwa pairi: "Yemaconifers." Chete dosi rinoda kuderedzwa - 30% chete inokurudzirwa mugadziri.
Kuberekwa kwemisidhari pine
Inoculation. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakawanda yemisidhari yemisidhari inoparadzirwa. Asi izvi zvinotora nguva, zvinoda ruzivo rwakakosha, uye izvi zvinowanzoitwa nevanochengeta vana. Zviri nyore kutenga chakagadzirirwa-chakagadzirwa chirimwa.
Mbeu. Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa pakuparadzirwa kwemiti yemarudzi, kureva, miti yesango. Zvisinei, zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogonawo kuparadzirwa nembeu, asi 50% chete yembesa inochengetedza zviratidzo zvevabereki vavo. Vamwe vose, zvichida, vachaita semiti yemusango.
Nzira yacho haisi nyore. Mbeu dzinofanira kudyarwa mukupera kwematsutso, pakupera kwaGumiguru - kutanga kwaNovember. Vanofanira kupinda mu stratification, kureva, kutarisana nekutonhora kwechando. Zvikasadaro, havangauyi. Muchirimo, mbeu dzinogona kudyarwa chete mushure mekutanga stratification mufiriji kwemwedzi 1,5. Asi pakudyara mumatsutso, sezvakaratidzwa nekuedza paKorea pine, chiyero chekumera chakakwira - 77%, nepo mushure mekugadzira stratification iri 67% (4).
Mbeu dzinofanirwa kunge dziri nyowani - dzine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekumera, uye kana dzikarara, inoderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Hazvina mhosva kuti makungu anofanira kudyarwa pavhu rakarimwa, kureva kuti, bindu nebindu remiriwo hazvina kukodzera izvi - kune zvakawanda zvezvirwere, uye pine nuts hazvina kudzivirirwa kwavari. Zviri nani kudyara kune imwe nzvimbo mugwenga pasina chakasimwa uye ivhu risina kucherwa.
Pasi pekudyara nzungu, unofanirwa kuchera mugero wakadzika 5-8 cm uye 10 cm yakafara. Dururira 3-5 cm ye coniferous litter pasi - iyo yepamusoro yevhu remusango wavo wepine. Zvadaro kuparadzira mbeu - kure ne 1 cm kubva kune mumwe. Uye kubva kumusoro, vhara nevhu rakafanana kubva musango wepine nehupamhi hwe 1 - 3 cm.
Shoots inowanzoonekwa pakati peMay. Uye panguva ino vanoda kudzivirira kubva kushiri - vanoda kudya madiki epine sprouts. Chinhu chiri nyore ndechekuisa spruce kana matavi emipaini pamusoro pezvirimwa.
Mugore rekutanga, mbesa dzinokura zvishoma nezvishoma, pakupera kwezhizha ivo vakaenzana nehukuru hwemachisi neboka duku retsono pamusoro. Pamakore maviri ekuberekwa, vanokora zvishoma uye zvishoma kureba - panguva ino vanoda kunyudzwa, kuisirwa kunzvimbo inogara. Izvi zvinofanira kuitwa pakati paApril kana kuti pakati paOctober.
Zvirwere zvemisidhari yemisidhari
Resin cancer seryanka uye pine blister rust. Izvi zvirwere zvefungal zvinozviratidza nenzira yakafanana - kuputika kunoonekwa pamatavi, pamusoro peiyo tsono zvishoma nezvishoma dzinooma.
Nzira yakanakisisa pavanenge vachionekwa ndeyokutema muti uye kuipisa kuitira kuti zvimwe zvinomera zvirege kutapukirwa - zvirwere izvi zvinokanganisa marudzi akawanda emapaini, kusanganisira common pine, prickly spruce rhododendrons, uye kubva pamiti yemichero - apple miti, pears, currants, gooseberries, mutambo uye gomo ash. Asi hazvigoneki kuti chero vagari vezhizha vachatora danho rakadaro, kunyanya kana paine muti mumwe chete - zvinonzwisa tsitsi! Nokudaro, iwe unogona kuedza kuderedza kukura kwechirwere - bvisa matavi ose akabatwa, bvisa tsono dzose dzakawa kubva pasi, uye muchirimo tora miti nemhangura sulphate.
Cedar pine zvipembenene
Kune akawanda, asi nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti unogona kubvisa zvese.
Spruce mite. Tupukanana twupukanana utwu tunodya muto wetsono diki dzepaini. Iwe unogona kuvaziva nekuonekwa kwetsono - vanotanga kurasikirwa neruvara, sekunge vari kupera, uye vobva vakwinya nekuoma.
Iwe unogona kudzima iyi tiki nerubatsiro rweFitoverm.
Kana ikaonekwa, tsono dzinotanga kupera, sekunge, kuunyana, uye ipapo kuoma zvachose. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti madiki maparasite anodya muto wediki tsono.
Spider mite. Kana ichinge yaonekwa, tsono dzinotanga kushanduka yero nekuoma, uye munguva pfupi dandemutande rinooneka rinobuda pariri.
Fufanon ichabatsira kubata nedenda.
Pine aphid. Inodyisa muto wevaduku tsono, uye dzimwe nguva dzinoonekwa muhuwandu uye dzinogona kuparadza muti muduku.
Chiyero chekurwa ndicho mushonga Karbofos.
Hermes Chipembenene chidiki kwazvo, chitarisiko chayo chinogona kuzivikanwa netsvina-chena fluffy mapundu pane tsono. Inobata maduku emisidhari chete, miti yakakura inopesana nayo.
Kurwisa chipembenene ichi, gadziriro Spark, Fufanon, Atkara inoshandiswa.
Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira
Takabvunza vagari vemuzhizha mibvunzo nezvemisidhari yemapaini agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.
Zvitubu zve
- Vyvodtsev NV, Kobayashi Ryosuke. Kubereka kwemisidhari yemisidhari muKhabarovsk Territory // Matambudziko chaiwo emasango akaoma, 2007 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/urozhaynost-orehov-sosny-kedrovoy-v-khabarovskom-krae
- Sosaiti Yekurera uye Kusuma Conifers https://rosih.ru/
- Gavrilova OI Kukura Siberian stone pine mumamiriro eRepublic of Karelia // Resources uye Technology, 2003 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vyraschivanie-sosny-kedrovoy-sibirskoy-v-usloviyah-respubliki-karelia
- Drozdov II, Kozhenkova AA, Belinsky MN -podmoskovie