Humwe howa hwemusango hunomera padzinde dzakatetepa zvekuti hunogona kukuvadzwa nekubatwa kudiki. Mitumbi isina kusimba yakadaro yezvibereko inofanira kuunganidzwa zvakanyatsonaka, ichiedza kusabvisa ngowani. Pakati pehowa dzinodyiwa pamakumbo matete, mhando dzakasiyana dzerussula dzinogona kusiyaniswa, uye kunewo miviri yemichero ine maitiro akafanana pakati pemitoro.
Russula pamakumbo matete
Russula girini (Russula aeruginea).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: kutanga kwaChikunguru - kupera kwaSeptember
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka
Description:
Dzinde racho rine cylindrical, jena, rine makwapa ane ngura-brown. Iyo peel inobviswa nyore nyore ne 2/3 yeradius ye cap.
Iyo ngowani yakasvibira, yakakomberedzwa kana yakaora mwoyo, inonamira.
Iyo pulp ine brittle, chena, ine inovava. Mucheto wechivharo wakachekwa. Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, anonamatira, machena, obva aita tsvuku yero, dzimwe nguva ane makwapa ane ngura.
Howa yakanaka inodyiwa, yakashandiswa yakachena (inokurudzirwa yakabikwa kuti ibvise kuvava) uye yakarungwa. Zviri nani kuunganidza mahowa maduku nemucheto wakaderera.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura mu deciduous, yakavhenganiswa (nebirch), dzimwe nguva mumasango ane coniferous, mudiki pine-birch, paivhu rejecha, muuswa, mu moss, kumucheto, pedyo nenzira.
Russula yero (Russula claroflava).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: pakati paChikunguru - kupera kwaSeptember
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka maduku
Description:
Mahwendefa anonamatira, kazhinji, yero.
Ngowani inopenya yero, yakaoma, yakakombama kana kuti yakati sandara.
Gumbo rakachena, rakatsetseka, rachena nezera. Ganda rinobviswa zvakanaka chete pamucheto wechivharo. Iyo pulp yakaita sedonje, chena, orenji-yero pasi peganda, inosviba pane yakachekwa.
Uhu howa hunodyiwa pahunde chena hunoshandiswa hutsva (mushure mekubika) uye hwakaiswa munyu. Kana yakabikwa, nyama inosviba. Zviri nani kuunganidza mahowa maduku nemucheto wakaderera.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura mune yakanyorova deciduous (ine birch) uye pine-birch masango, pamwe nechekunze kwemachakwi, mune moss uye blueberries. Inogadzira mycorrhiza ne birch.
Russula bhuruu-yero (Russula cyanoxantha).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: pakati paJune - kupera kwaSeptember
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka
Description:
Iyo kapu yakaoma kana inonamira, yakasvibira kana yakasvibira pakati, violet-grey, violet-yepepuru kana greyish-girinhi kumucheto. Ganda rinobviswa ne 2/3 ye radius ye cap.
Gumbo racho rinotanga rakakora, kozoita gomo, jena.
Nyama yakachena, dzimwe nguva ine ruvara rwepepuru, yakasimba, kwete caustic. Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, akafara, dzimwe nguva ane mapazi, silky, machena. Iyo pulp mugumbo yakaita sedonje.
Zvakanakisa zve cheesecake. Inoshandiswa patsva (mushure mekubika), yakarungwa uye yakabikwa.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura mumasango ane deciduous uye akavhenganiswa (ane birch, oak, aspen).
Russula iri kupisa-caustic (Russula emetica).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: pakati paChikunguru - Gumiguru
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka maduku
Description:
Iyo ngowani ine convex, inopfugama, yakaora mwoyo zvishoma, inonamira, inopenya, tsvuku toni. Heti yehowa hudiki ine denderedzwa.
Nyama yacho ine brittle, chena, yakatsvuka pasi peganda, ine moto unopisa. Ganda rinobviswa nyore nyore.
Marekodhi epakati frequency, yakafara, adherent kana anenge emahara. Gumbo iri cylindrical, brittle, white.
Howa diki diki hwunonyahwaira hahudyike nekuda kwekuvava kwahwo. Maererano nemimwe mishumo, inogona kukonzera gastrointestinal kusagadzikana.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura mumasango ane deciduous uye coniferous, munzvimbo dzakanyorova, pedyo nemachakwi.
Russula bile (Russula fellea).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: Chikumi - Gunyana
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka maduku
Description:
Chivharo chine convex pakutanga, chozovhurika semi-yakavhurika, yakaora mwoyo pakati, mashanga-yero. Mucheto wechivharo unotanga wakatsetseka, wozoita mitsetse.
Nyama ine yellowish-white, pale yellow, pungent, bitter. Mahwendefa anonamira pahunde anowanzo, akaonda, akatanga kuchena, ozoita yero.
Gumbo rakaenzana, rakasununguka, rine mhango mukukwegura, chena, mashanga-yellow pazasi. Iyo peel inobviswa nyore nyore chete pamicheto.
Ruzivo rwezvekugoneka runopokana. Maererano nemimwe mishumo, inogona kushandiswa munyu mushure mekunyorova kwenguva refu.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inogadzira mycorrhiza nebeech, zvishoma kazhinji ine oak, spruce uye mamwe marudzi emiti. Inokura mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemasango paivhu rakadhindwa rine acidic, kazhinji munzvimbo dzine makomo nemakomo.
Brittle russula (Russula fragilis).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: pakati August - October
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka maduku
Description:
Mahwendefa acho anonamatira zvishoma, zvishoma zvishoma. Iyo pulp ichena, yakanyanya brittle, ine pungent kuravira.
Iyo cap ndeyepepuru kana yepepuru-tsvuku, dzimwe nguva yemuorivhi yakasvibira kana yakapenya yero, yakakomberedzwa kana yakaora mwoyo.
Gumbo rakachena, brittle, zvishoma-club-shaped.
Ruzivo rwezvekugoneka runopokana. Zvinoenderana nedata remumba, inogona kushandiswa munyu mushure mekubikira nekudonhedza muto. Inofungidzirwa isingadyiwi muWestern sources.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura muconiferous uye deciduous (ine birch) masango, munzvimbo dzakanyorova, kumucheto, mumakwenzi.
Maire's russula (Russula mairei), ine chepfu.
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae).
Mwaka: summer autumn
Kukura: mapoka uye oga
Description:
Iyo pulp ine dense, brittle, chena muruvara, nekunhuhwirira kwehuchi kana kokonati.
Ngowani yakatsvuka tsvuku, convex kana kuti flat, inonamira mumamiriro ekunze emvura.
Gumbo rakatsetseka, jena, rakaita sekirabhu zvishoma. Mahwendefa acho haawanzoitiki, asina kusimba, anonamatira zvishoma, machena ane bluish.
Iyo yakanyanya chepfu yerussula; zvinokonzera kukanganiswa kwegastrointestinal.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura mumasango ane mashizha uye akavhenganiswa pamashizha akadonha uye kunyange hunde dzakaora, pavhu rakadonha. Yakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya mumasango ebeech eEurope uye nzvimbo dziri pedyo dzeAsia.
Russula pale buffy ( Russula ochroleuca ).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: kupera kwaAugust-October
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka
Description:
Iyo kepisi yakatsetseka, ocher-yellow, convex, yobva yagwadama.
Iyo pulp ine dense, brittle, chena, zvishoma kusviba pane yakachekwa, ine pungent kuravira.
Dzinde racho rakaita sedhiramu, rakasimba, rakacheneruka, rine tint yebrown. Nheyo yedzinde inoshanduka kuva imvi nezera. Mahwendefa anonamatira, anowanzo, machena.
Conditionally edible howa. Inoshandiswa patsva (mushure mekubika) uye yakarungwa.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Uhu howa pahunde hutete hune brown tint inokura mu coniferous (spruce) uye yakanyorova yakafara-mashizha (ine birch, oak) masango, mu moss uye pamarara. Inonyanya kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba kwemasango emasango.
Russula marsh (Russula paludosa).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: pakati paChikunguru - Gumiguru
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka
Description:
Iyo kapu ine nyama, yakakomberedzwa, yakaora mwoyo zvishoma pakati, ine blunt mupendero. Iwo mahwendefa haana kusimba kuomerera, kazhinji, dzimwe nguva ane matavi, machena kana buffy.
Ganda revhavha rakaoma, rakasviba rakatsvuka pakati, rakajeka pink pamucheto. Iyo pulp yakachena, yakaomeswa muhowa hudiki, yobva yasununguka, nekunhuhwirira.
Gumbo rakaita sekirabhu kana fusiform, rakaoma, dzimwe nguva buri, rinonzwa, pink kana chena.
Howa hunodyiwa. Inoshandiswa patsva (mushure mekubika) uye yakarungwa.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura mu coniferous (ine pine) uye yakavhenganiswa (pine-birch) masango, munzvimbo dzine mvura, kunze kwemahombekombe emvura, pajecha-peat ivhu, mu moss, mublueberries.
Russula musikana (Russula puellaris).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: pakati August - October
Kukura: mapoka uye oga
Description:
Nyama ine brittle, chena kana yero. Chivharo chinotanga chakaita convex, chobva chagwadama, dzimwe nguva chakaora mwoyo zvishoma, chero kana brownish-grey. Mucheto wechivharo wakaonda, wakabvaruka.
Dzinde rakakwidziridzwa zvishoma richienda kugasi, rakasimba, rozoita gomo, brittle, jena kana kuti yero.
Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, akaonda, anonamatira, machena, ozoita yero.
Howa hunodyiwa. Inoshandiswa patsva (mushure mekubika).
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura muconiferous uye kashoma mumasango ane deciduous.
Russula Turkish (Russula turci).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: Chikunguru-Gumiguru
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka
Description:
Chivharo chine waini-tsvuku, dema kana orenji, inopenya. Chimiro chechivharo chekutanga hemispherical, ipapo yakaora mwoyo. Mahwendefa anonamatira, mashoma, machena kana yero.
Gumbo rakaita sekirabhu, jena.
The pulp is brittle, white with fruity smell.
Howa hunodyiwa.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inowanikwa mumakomo coniferous masango eEurope neNorth America. Inogadzira mycorrhiza nepine uye fir.
Russula chikafu (Russula vesca).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: pakati paChikunguru - kupera kwaSeptember
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka maduku
Description:
Iyo ngowani iri flat-convex, pink, reddish, brownish, isina kuenzana mavara. Mahwendefa anowanzo, ehurefu hwakafanana, chena kana yero.
Dzinde, dense, yakamanikana yakananga kubhesi, chena. Ganda harisviki 1-2 mm kusvika kumucheto wecap, rinobviswa kusvika hafu.
Iyo pulp yakaita chena, yakakora, isina-caustic kana kuti yakatinai pakunaka. Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, anonamatira zvishoma, ane chena, dzimwe nguva ane forogo-mapazi.
Imwe yemafuta anonaka kwazvo. Inoshandiswa patsva (mushure mekubika) mumakosi echipiri, yakarungwa, yakabikwa, yakaomeswa.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura mumasango ane deciduous uye akafara-mashizha (ane birch, oak) masango, asingawanzo mu coniferous, munzvimbo dzakajeka, muuswa.
Russula virescens (Russula virescens).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: pakati paChikunguru - pakati paGumiguru
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka
Description:
Dzinde racho rakachena, rine zvikero zvebrown kuzasi.
Iyo ngowani ine nyama, matte, yero kana yebhuruu-girinhi, muhowa hudiki hemispherical. Ngowani yehowa hwakura yakagwadama. Ganda harina kubviswa, kazhinji rinoputika.
Iyo pulp yakaita chena, yakakora, isina-caustic kana kuti yakatinai pakunaka. Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, anonamatira zvishoma, ane creamy chena, dzimwe nguva ane forogo.
Imwe yemafuta anonaka kwazvo. Inoshandiswa patsva (mushure mekubika), yakarungwa, yakabikwa, yakaomeswa.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura mumasango, akavhenganiswa (nebirch, oak) masango, munzvimbo dzakajeka. Inoparadzirwa munzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba dzesango.
Brown Russula (Russula xerampelina).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: pakati paChikunguru - Gumiguru
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka maduku
Description:
Iyo ngowani yakafara, burgundy, brown kana maorivhi muruvara, yakasviba pakati.
Nyama yakachena, inoshanduka tsvuku pane yakachekwa, ine shrimp kana herring kunhuhwirira. Mahwendefa anonamatira, machena, anoshanduka-shanduka nezera.
Dzinde racho rakachena, dzimwe nguva rine ruvara rutsvuku, rinova ocher kana kuti brownish nezera. Zvivharo zvehowa hudiki zvine hemispherical.
Inoshandiswa munyu, yakabikwa, dzimwe nguva itsva (mushure mekubikira kubvisa kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi).
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura mu coniferous (pine uye spruce), deciduous (birch uye oak) masango.
Humwe howa dzakatetepa
White podgruzdok (Russula delica).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: pakati paChikunguru - Gumiguru
Kukura: mumapoka
Description:
Iyo cap inotenderera pakutanga, chena, inoita sefunnel-yakaita nezera, dzimwe nguva ichitsemuka. Mahwendefa acho ari decurrent, nhete, machena ane bluish-greenish tint.
Gumbo racho rakakora, jena, rakatetepa zvishoma pasi uye rakaita brownish zvishoma.
Iyo pulp yakachena, yakaoma, isingadyiki.
Howa yakanaka inodyiwa, inoshandiswa munyu (mushure mekubika).
Ecology uye kugovera:
Uhu howa hune hunde hwakatetepa hurefu hunokura muhunyoro uye hwakasanganiswa (nebirch, aspen, oak) masango, zvishoma kazhinji muconiferous (nespruce). Chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwemuviri wechibereko chinoitika pasi pevhu; mapundu chete anoonekwa pamusoro.
Blackening podgrudok (Russula nigricans).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: pakati paChikunguru - Gumiguru
Kukura: mumapoka
Description:
Iyo kapu inomanikidzwa nepakati, greyish muhudiki, yozoita brownish. Mahwendefa acho mashoma, akakora, anonamatira, ane yellowish, ozoita brownish, gare gare anenge akasviba.
Nyama payakachekwa inotanga kutsvuka, yozoita dema, kunhuwa kune fruity, kuravira kunopinza.
Gumbo racho rakasimba, pakutanga chiedza, uye kushanduka kwemavara uye kusviba.
Conditionally edible howa. Inoshandiswa munyu mushure mekubika kwemaminitsi makumi maviri. Inosviba mumunyu.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura muconiferous (ine spruce), yakavhenganiswa, inodonha uye yakafara-mashizha (ine birch, oak) masango.
Valui (Russula foetens).
Mhuri: Russula (Russulaceae)
Mwaka: kutanga kwaChikunguru - Gumiguru
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka maduku
Description:
Chivharo chehowa diki chinenge chakatenderera, chine mupendero wakatsikirirwa kune hunde, mucous. Chivharo chine convex, dzimwe nguva chakagwadama uye chakaora mwoyo pakati, tuberculate, ine mupendero, wakaoma kana kuti zvishoma, zvitsvuku. Chivharo chinowanzodyiwa nezvipembenene uye slugs. Mucheto wechivharo wakanyungudutswa zvakasimba, wakapetwa dzimwe nguva wakatsemuka.
Gumbo rakazvimba kana kuti cylindrical, kazhinji rakatetepa kusvika pachigadziko, chena, yero, brownish pazasi. Madonhwe emvura inoonekera uye mavara ebrown anowanzo kuoneka pamahwendefa mushure mekuoma. Mahwendefa acho haawanzoitiki, akamanikana, kazhinji akafukidzwa, anoomerera, ane yellowish. inowana chimiro che cellular.
Iyo pulp ine dense, yakaoma, chena, yozoita yero, muhowa hwakura inoputika, nekunhuhwirira kweherring uye kuravira kunorwadza. Muhowa hwakura, mugumbo mune gowa rine ngura.
Conditionally edible howa; inonzi isingadyiwi kuMadokero. Kazhinji, howa hudiki hunokohwewa nevhavha isina kuvhurwa ine dhayamita isingapfuuri 6 cm. Ganda rinobviswa kubva muvalui uye mushure mekunyura kwemazuva 2-3 uye kubika kwemaminitsi 20-25. munyu, kashoma marinated.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Uhu howa hwebrown-capped slender-stemmed hunoumba mycorrhiza nemiti yese ine coniferous uye inodonha. Inokura mumasango, akavhenganiswa (nebirch) masango, asingawanzo mu coniferous, pamucheto wesango, pamucheto, muuswa uye pamarara. Inofarira nzvimbo dzine mimvuri, dzakanyorova. Inowanikwa mumasango muEurasia neNorth America, muNyika Yedu inowanzoitika muEurope chikamu, Caucasus, Western Siberia uye Far East.