Mukati
Scotch whisky inowanzobatanidzwa nebhari malt. Single malts (single malt whiskeys) ari pamusoro pechikamu cheprimiyamu, sezvo zvinwiwa zviri muchikamu ichi zvine kuravira uye hunhu. Yakawanda yewhiskey yepakati-yemutengo wepakati inosanganiswa (yakasanganiswa), pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwedistillate kubva kune zviyo zvisina kumera - bhari, gorosi kana chibage. Dzimwe nguva mbesa dzemhando yakaderera dzinoshandiswa mukugadzira, izvo zvinosanganiswa nekamumera kadiki kuti ukurumidze kuvira. Ndizvo zvinwiwa izvi zviri chikamu chezviyo whiskey.
Chii chinonzi whisky yezviyo
Single malt whisky inogadzirwa nebhari yakanyungudika. Huzhinji hwema distilleries akasiya kuzvimiririra kugadzirisa zvirimwa zvezviyo uye kutenga malt kubva kune vatengesi vakuru. Mudzimba dzemamera, zviyo zvinotanga kusefa kubvisa zvinhu zvokune imwe nyika, zvozonyoroveswa zvoiswa pauriri hwekongiri kuti zvimere. Panguva yekumera, tsanga dzinenge dzamera dzinounganidza diastase, iyo inokurumidzisa kuchinjwa kwemasitashi kuva shuga. Distillation inoitika muhanyanisi-semhangura yehari. Mafekitari eScottish anodada nemidziyo yavo uye anoburitsa mapikicha emisangano munhau, sezvo boka rezvivakwa zvekare rinoshanda zvakanaka kuwedzera kutengesa.
Kugadzirwa kwezviyo whisky kwakasiyana zvakanyanya. Kuonekwa kwemafekitari hakusi kushambadzirwa, nokuti mufananidzo unoparadza pfungwa dzevagari vemo pamusoro pekuita whiskey. Iyo distillation inzira inoenderera uye inoitika mumakoramu e distillation Patent Zvakadaro kana Coffey Zvakadaro. Equipment, sekutonga, inotorwa kunze kwebhizinesi. Mvura yemvura, wort uye yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa doro inotenderera mumidziyo panguva imwe chete, saka dhizaini inotaridzika yakakura uye isingafadzi.
Mabhizinesi eScottish anonyanya kushandisa bhari isina kubikwa, kashoma zvimwe zviyo. Mbeu inobatwa nemhepo kwemaawa 3-4 kuti iparadze goko uye kumisa kusunungurwa kwe starch. Wort inozopinda mu mash tun ine mumera mushoma wakapfuma mu diastase, izvo zvinoita kuti kuvirisa kukurumidze. Mukuita distillation, doro resimba guru rinowanikwa, rinosvika 92%. Mutengo wekugadzira zviyo distillate wakachipa, sezvo unoitika muchikamu chimwe chete.
Whisky yezviyo inonatswa nemvura yechitubu, inodururwa mumadhiramu uye inosiiwa kusvika kuzera. Nguva shoma ndeye makore matatu. Munguva iyi, zvinyorwa zvakaoma zvinopera kubva kudoro, uye inova yakakodzera kusanganiswa.
Kazhinji, Grain Whiskey inofananidzwa nevodka, asi izvi hazvisi zvachose. Barley distillate haina kunhuhwirira kwakanaka uye kunhuhwirira kwakafanana nemweya mumera wewhiskey chaiwo, asi ine hunhu hwemhando, kunyangwe ichidudzwa zvishoma, iyo isingawanikwe mukirasi vodka.
Matambudziko nematemu
Iyo inoenderera mberi distillation midziyo yakagadzirwa nemugadziri wewaini Aeneas Coffey kumashure muna 1831 uye akaishandisa nesimba pachirimwa chake cheAeneas Coffey Whisky. Vagadziri vakakurumidza kutora michina mitsva, sezvo yakaderedza mutengo we distillation kakawanda. Nzvimbo yebhizinesi yakanga isingaite, saka zvidyarwa zvitsva zvaive pedyo nechiteshi uye nzvimbo huru dzekutakura, izvo zvakaderedza mitengo yezvinhu.
Muna 1905, Islington London Borough Council yakatambira chisungo chairambidza kushandiswa kwezita rekuti “whiskey” pazvinwiwa zvinogadzirwa nebhari isina kubvongodzwa. Nekuda kwekubatana muhurumende, kambani hombe yedoro DCL (yava Diageo) yakakwanisa kukurudzira kubviswa kwezvirambidzo. Royal Commission yakatonga kuti izwi rekuti "whisky" rinogona kushandiswa zvine chekuita nechero chinwiwa chinogadzirwa mumadhishi enyika. Raw zvinhu, distillation nzira uye nguva yekuchembera hazvina kuverengerwa.
Scotch neIrish whisky zvakaziviswa mazita ekutengeserana nevanodzika mutemo, ayo anogona kushandiswa pakufunga kwevagadziri. Nezve single malt distillates, vemitemo vakakurudzira kushandisa izwi rekuti single malt whisky. Gwaro iri rakatenderwa muna 1909, uye kwemazana emakore akatevera hapana akasungirira vagadziri veScottish kuti vaburitse kuumbwa kwezvinwiwa zvavo.
Achembera zviyo distillate yakava hwaro hwemisanganiswa, iyo inonzi yakasanganiswa whisky. Doro rezviyo rakachipa rakasanganiswa newhiskey imwe yemalt, iyo yakapa chinwiwa chimiro, kunaka uye chimiro.
Mhando dzakasanganiswa dzakakwanisa kuwana niche yavo mumusika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira:
- mutengo unodhura;
- recipe yakasarudzwa zvakanaka;
- kuravira kumwe chete kusingachinji zvichienderana nebatch.
Zvisinei, kutanga muma1960, kufarirwa kwemarita imwe chete kwakatanga kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Nekufamba kwenguva, kudiwa kwakawedzera zvekuti madhiri akatanga kusiya kugadzirwa kwavo kwemumera, sezvo vaisakwanisa kutsungirira mavhoriyamu.
Kugadziriswa kwezvigadzirwa zvakatorwa nedzimba dzemumaindasitiri, dzakatora nzvimbo yepakati yebhari yakamera. Panguva imwecheteyo, pakanga pane kuderera kwekuda kwekusanganiswa.
Parizvino, kwasara zvitoro zvinomwe zveGrain Whisky muScotland, nepo mabhizinesi anopfuura zana munyika achigadzira chimera chimwe chete.
Zvimiro zvekumaka muUSA
MuUnited States, nyaya yematemu yakagadziriswa zvakanyanya pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Kuchamhembe kwekondinendi, whiskey yakasvibiswa kubva rye, uye kumaodzanyemba - kubva kuchibage. Kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvakabikwa zvakonzera kuvhiringika nemazita edoro.
Mutungamiri William Howard Taft akatanga kugadzirwa kweChisarudzo cheWhisky muna 1909. Gwaro racho rakataura kuti whiskey yezviyo (bourbon) inogadzirwa kubva kune zvigadzirwa, apo 51% chibage. Maererano nemutemo mumwechete, rye distillate inonyungudutswa kubva muzviyo, apo chikamu che rye chinenge 51%.
Kumaka kwemazuva ano
Muna 2009, iyo Scotch Whisky Association yakatora mutemo mutsva wakabvisa kuvhiringidzika nemazita ekunwa.
Gwaro iri raisungira vagadziri kuisa mazita ezvigadzirwa zvichienderana nemidziyo inoshandiswa uye kupatsanura whisky muzvikamu zvishanu:
- zviyo zvose (zviyo imwe chete);
- zviyo zvakasanganiswa (zviyo zvakasanganiswa);
- mumera mumwe (mumera umwechete);
- mumera wakasanganiswa (blended malt);
- whiskey yakasanganiswa (yakasanganiswa Scotch).
Vagadziri vekuchinja kwemhando vakabatwa zvisina kujeka. Mabhizinesi akati wandei aiita kusanganisa molts aive zvino amanikidzwa kudaidza whisky yavo yakasanganiswa, uye mweya yezviyo yakagamuchira kodzero yekunzi tsanga imwe.
Mumwe wevanonyanya kutsoropodza mutemo mutsva uyu, muridzi weCompass Box John Glaser akacherekedza kuti mubatanidzwa, muchishuwo chayo chekuunza vatengi ruzivo nezve maumbirwo ezvinwiwa zvinodhaka, wakawana zvakapesana chaizvo. Maererano nemugadziri wewaini, mupfungwa dzevatengi, izwi rimwechete rinosanganiswa nehupamhi hwepamusoro, uye rakasanganiswa rinosanganiswa nedoro rakachipa. Chiporofita cheGlaser pamusoro pekukwira kwekufarira whiskey yezviyo chakazadzika muchidimbu. Nezve shanduko yemutemo, mavhoriyamu ekugadzirwa kweSingle Grain Whisky akawedzera, uye zvigadzirwa zvine nguva yakareba yekuchembera zvakaonekwa mumhando dzemakambani ane mukurumbira.
Mhando dzakakurumbira dzezviyo whisky
Zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kufarirwa:
- Cameron Brig;
- Loch Lomond Single Grain;
- Teeling Irish Whisky Single Grain;
- Borders Single Grain Scotch Whisky.
Kugadzirwa kwewhisky yezviyo kwakabata bhizimusi rekuSt. Chinwiwa chine makore mashanu ekuberekwa chakahwina menduru yesirivheri paThe World Whisky Masters 2020. Zviyo Whiskeys zvakakamurwa kuita chikamu chakasiyana mumakwikwi enyika.
Nzira yekunwa zviyo whisky
Muzvigadzirwa zvekushambadzira, vagadziri vanosimbisa hunyoro uye hunyoro hwezviyo whiskey, kunyanya kuchembera kwenguva yakareba muex-bourbon, port, sherry uye kunyange Cabernet Sauvignon casks. Zvisinei, zvizhinji zvezvigadzirwa zvichiri kushandiswa chete sehwaro hwemisanganiswa, uye kuravira mweya yakadaro hakuzounzi kufara kuduku. Achembera monograin whiskeys anoramba ari mashoma, kunyangwe mabhureki anozivikanwa achangobva kuburitsa akawanda akakodzera zvigadzirwa muchikamu ichi pamusika.
Mafeni anocherekedza kuti premium zviyo whisky haina kushata mune yayo yakachena fomu, kunyangwe ichiri kukurudzirwa kuinwa nechando kana kuisanganisa nesoda kana ginger lemonade.
Kazhinji whiskey yezviyo inoshandiswa mumakorokoza pamwe nekuwedzera kwecola, mandimu kana muto wemazambiringa. Ndiko kuti, apo zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunhuhwirira uye kuravira hazvidiwi.
Iko hakuna inopenya inopfungaira kana peppery shades mune organoleptic zviyo whiskey. Sezvo mutemo, mukugadzirisa, vanowana michero, almond, uchi uye toni dzehuni.
