Mukati
Vanotangisa vanogona kurima oyster howa nenzira mbiri: yakakura (pazvitsiga kana kucheka kwehuni) uye yakadzika (mumabhegi kana zvimwe midziyo iri mumba). Matekinoroji ese ari maviri ekurima oyster howa akashandiswa kusvika padiki diki mukati memakore mazhinji echiitiko, saka kurimwa kwemichero iyi kunowanikwa kunyangwe kune vasina ruzivo rwevanoita howa vanorima.
Oyster mushroom, kana oyster mushroom, ihowa hukuru kwazvo hune ngowani yakasviba, kazhinji yegrey kana yebrown ine mimvuri yepakati, inokura kusvika 200 mm muhupamhi. Nokufamba kwenguva, ngowani inova yakareruka. Oyster mushroom mahwendefa machena kana kirimu muvara, zvishoma nezvishoma anoshanduka kuita gumbo rakaoma uye rakaoma, iro nekuda kwechikonzero ichi haridyiwe.
Iwe unozodzidza nezve kurima oyster howa mumabhegi uye pazvigutsa nekuverenga ichi chinyorwa.
Nzira dzakakura uye dzakasimba dzekurima oyster howa
Iyi fungus inowanikwa chete pahuni yakafa yakaoma, uye naizvozvo haina ngozi kune miti yekugara mubindu. Sezvo mutemo, kukura kukuru kweoyster mushroom kunoumbwa pahuni, imwe neimwe ine kusvika makumi matatu ehowa, asi huwandu hwekukura hunogona kuva 30-2 kg.
Oyster mushroom inokura muhuwandu hukuru mumamiriro echisikigo uye pakati peNyika Yedu, howa hunogona kukohwewa zhizha rose uye matsutso, uye iyo yepamusoro yekukura kwekubereka kunoitika muna Nyamavhuvhu - Gumiguru (mazuva chaiwo anotarwa nekupisa kwemhepo).
Kurimwa kwehowa hweoyster kwakasiyana zvakanyanya nekurimwa kwemachampignons, nepo kuravira kwavo kusiri kwakaipisisa. Mukuwedzera, ivo havana kurasika semugumisiro wekuomesa kana pickling.
Kazhinji, kudyara zvinhu - sterile oyster mushroom mycelium - yekukura howa inotengwa parutivi. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa muchirimo kana kutanga kwematsutso, nekuti inoda tembiricha yakanaka panguva yekufambisa. Usati wabatanidza mycelium, inofanira kuchengetwa pakupisa kwe 0 kusvika 2 ° C, zvino inochengetedza zvinhu zvayo zvose kwemwedzi 3-4, uye pa18-20 ° C - kwevhiki chete.
Nzira yekurima oyster howa mumba kana munyika? Nzira dzekurima dzefungi idzi dzinogona kukamurwa kuva dzakakura uye dzakasimba.
Nekuda kwekuti howa uhwu hunogona kurimwa zviri nyore pamatanda emarara pasina mutengo wakakosha wezvinhu, nzira yakakura yekuberekesa yakakurumbira. Nekudaro, zvakare yakagadzirwa zvakanaka. Tinogona kutaura kuti nzira yakawandisa, mukureruka kwayo, kuvimbika uye kudhura kwakaderera, ndiyo inonyanya kukodzera imba yezhizha. Usati wakura oats, vanotanga vanorayirwa kuti vatarise vhidhiyo uye vaverenge zvinyorwa, izvo zvinotsanangura nzira tekinoroji zvakadzama.
Iyo chaiyo yeyakaomesesa nzira yekukura oyster howa iri mukuumbwa kweiyo substrate inoshandiswa uye mukana wekukura howa muimba yakavharwa, semuenzaniso, greenhouse kana imba yepasi yakavhenekerwa ine inodzorwa mamiriro. Nguva pfupi yekuibva (mwedzi 2-2,5) inoita kuti nzira iyi inakidze zvikuru pakurima howa oyster mumba, kuseri kwemba uye mubindu.
Iyi nzira yakagadzirwa muHungary, nepo muNyika Yedu yakavandudzwa zvakanyanya. Zvakaonekwa kuti oyster mushroom, pamwe neFlorida oyster mushroom (yakagadziridzwa kurimwa nenzira yakadzama), inokura zvakanaka pamidziyo yezvirimwa zvakaita semashanga, maguri esunflower, miguri yechibage, tsanga, nezvimwe.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo, hazvibviri kuwana howa hweoyster huchikura pamashanga, maguri esunflower, miguri yechibage, nezvimwewo, sezvo huchikwikwidzana zvakanyanya nehuturu hune kukura kwepamusoro uye hunokwanisa kudzvanyirira howa hweoyster.
Kutanga, dzidza nzira yekukura howa oyster kubva mycelium nenzira yakakura.
Yakawedzera tekinoroji yekukura oyster howa pazvitunha muimba yenyika
Usati wakura oyster howa uchishandisa tekinoroji yakakura, unofanirwa kuwana zvidimbu zvinodikanwa zvehuni kubva kune aspen, birch, poplar, nezvimwewo kureba mukati me300 mm uye dhayamita ye150 mm uye pamusoro. Kana vakaonda, ipapo goho richaderera. Kuti huni huve hunyoro hwakakwana, uye izvi zvakakosha pakukura kwemycelium, matanda anochengetwa mumvura kwemazuva 1-2 asati ashandiswa.
Kukura oyster howa munyika, zvitunha zvinotamirwa kune imwe cellar, pasi pepasi kana imwe yakafanana yakavharirwa nzvimbo pakupera kwechando kana kutanga kwechirimo, isa imwe pamusoro peimwe, ichigadzira makoramu anosvika 2 m kureba. Kutanga, magumo ekumusoro ematanda akafukidzwa nehupamhi hwezviyo mycelium, iyo yakakura kubva 10-20 mm uye nezvimwe. Zvadaro chimwe chikamu chehuni chinosungirirwa pachidimbu ichi chehuni, kuguma kwayo kunobatwawo ne mycelium. Zvadaro, chimwe chikamu chinoiswa, etc. Kudyara zvinhu zvinotorwa pamwero we 70-100 g pamagumo.
Kubva kumusoro, makoramu akafukidzwa nehuswa kuitira kuchengetedza unyoro uye kugadzira mamiriro ekuvandudza zviri nani mycelium, iyo inozopedzisira yapinda muhuni. Panzvimbo pemashanga, rumwe rudzi rwejira runowanzoshandiswa, sezvo polyethylene nemamwe mafirimu asina kukodzera, nokuti haabvumiri mhepo kupfuura, iyo inofanirwa kukura mycelium.
Kukura oyster howa, mamwe mamiriro anofanirwa kugadzirwa: patembiricha ye10-15 ° C, oyster mushroom mycelium inokura huni kwemwedzi 2-2,5. Mhepo iri muimba ino inofanira kunge yakanyoroveswa, asi ita zvakanyatsonaka kuitira kuti mvura irege kupinda pahuni.
Kana champignon isingade mwenje wekukura kwakajairika, saka oyster howa inoida kuti iite fruiting. Chikamu chechipiri chekurima kwefungus iyi pakati peNyika Yedu inowira muna Chivabvu. Zvidimbu zvehuni zvine mycelium yakamera zvinotorwa mumhepo yakashama uye zvakadzika muvhu ne 100-150 mm. Mitsara inoumbwa kubva pazvidimbu zvehuni pasi pedenga remiti kana mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine mimvuri. Kuti ukure oyster howa pazvitunha, unogona kugadzira mumvuri une chiedza chekugadzira canopy.
Nharaunda pakati pezvimedu zvakaiswa zvehuni uye pakati pemitsara inofanira kuva 350-500 mm.
Kana yakura pazvitunha, howa oyster inoda kutarisirwa kwakaringana, iyo inonyanya kuve nekunyatsodiridza ivhu mumamiriro ekunze akaoma. Fruiting kazhinji inotanga munaAugust-September uye inopera munaOctober. Unganidza oyster mushroom, kunyatsocheka. Kukohwa kwekutanga kubva pachidimbu chehuni kunobereka kupfuura 600 g yehowa yekutanga, iyo inoumba masumbu makuru.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kukura oyster howa pane stumps, ona vhidhiyo iyi:
Plantations overwinter kwayakasimwa muzhizha. Kana mamiriro acho akanaka, saka mugore rechipiri, 2-2,5 kg yehowa inogona kuwanikwa kubva kune imwe neimwe yehuni. Tekinoroji yekukura oyster howa pazvitunha inobvumidza iwe kukwira kusvika 1 kg yehowa pagore kubva pa2 m20 yehuni, iyo inobereka zvakanyanya iyo yechipiri neyechitatu makore.
Izvi zvinotevera zvinotsanangura nzira yekukura zvakanaka howa oyster mugreenhouse.
Nzira yekurima oyster howa mugreenhouse
Sezvinoratidzwa nemaitiro, oyster howa anogonawo kukura mugreenhouses, uko zvidimbu zvehuni zvinoiswa muvhu muna Gumiguru - Mbudzi, sezvo zvisingakwanisi kuiswa mumakoramu.
Panguva imwecheteyo, zvidimbu zvehuni zvinofanira kudyarwa ne mycelium yezviyo. Mushure mekushandisa kumagumo ematanda, yakafukidzwa nemapuranga emapuranga 20-30 mm yakakura yehupamhi hwakafanana nerogi.
Kubatsira kwekukura oyster howa mu greenhouses ndiko kugona kudzora akakosha ezvakatipoteredza paramita: humidity, mhepo uye tembiricha yevhu, iyo ine mhedzisiro yakanaka pane fruiting. Kupararira kwe mycelium pamusoro pezvidimbu zvehuni kunotora mwedzi 1-1,5 (kana tembiricha yemhepo yaive 13-15 ° C, ivhu 20-22 ° C, uye hunyoro hunyoro 95-100%).
Mushure mekukura kwe mycelium kwemazuva maviri, tembiricha yakaderedzwa kusvika 0-2 ° C, iyo "inokurudzira" fruiting. Zvadaro tembiricha inowedzera kusvika 10-14 ° C. Mushure memwedzi 2-2,5 mushure mekudyara mycelium pahuni, fruiting inogona kutarisirwa.
Kurima oyster howa kunokubvumira kuti utakure greenhouses nebasa muna Gumiguru - Ndira, pavanenge vasina chinhu. Muchirimo, kana zvikave zvakakosha kushandisa greenhouses yemiriwo, zvidimbu zvehuni ne mycelium zvinotamirwa kune yakavhurika pasi.
Iwe unogona zvakare kurima howa pazvitsiga, semuenzaniso, musango kana mumapindu mavari. Iyo fungus yakasimwa pavari inovaparadza biologically, izvo zvinozobvumira kukohwa howa kwemakore matatu uye kubvisa zvigutsa zvisingadiwe pasina kushandisa kudzura.
Tarisa vhidhiyo "Kukura howa oyster mugreenhouse", iyo inotaura nezve ese nuances yekurima:
Iyi ingori fungidziro yakajairika chirongwa chekurimwa kwefungus. Zvinokwanisika uye zvakakosha kuita shanduko munguva yekudyara (zvichienderana nemaitiro e microclimate kunze kana mukati) uye nzira dzekudyara mycelium pazvidimbu zvehuni.
Kunyanya, zvinokwanisika kushandisa imwe nguva yakawanda-inopedza nguva, asi ichipa zvibereko zvakanaka, nzira, iyo inosanganisira kutanga kugadzira makomba 40-50 mm yakadzika uye anenge 30 mm muhupamhi pamagumo echikamu chegiyo, apo zviyo. mycelium yakaiswa. Mushure meizvozvo, ivo vakafukidzwa neakanyorova sawdust kana zvidimbu zvebark, zvikasadaro mycelium ichaoma nekukurumidza uye ichave isina dziviriro kurwisa mold fungi. Kana iwe ukaita nenzira iyi, ipapo zvinhu zvekudyara zvichakura nekukurumidza pamwe nechidimbu chehuni.
Izvi zvinotevera zvinotsanangura nzira yekurima howa weoyster mumasaga nenzira yakasimba.
Nzira yekukura sei oyster howa mumabhegi
Siyanisai nzira isina mbereko uye isina mbereko yekurima zvakanyanya howa weoyster. Iyo nzira yekusabereka ndiyo yekutanga kuongororwa muindasitiri kurimwa kwefungus. Chimiro chayo ndecheiyi: iyo substrate yakanyoroveswa uye inoiswa mu autoclave, iyo yakasvibiswa, mushure meiyo inodyarwa ne mycelium. Utachiona hunokuvadza hunofa, uye mhodzi dzehowa dzeoyster dzinokura zvakasununguka.
Mhedzisiro yekushandisa nzira iyi yakanaka chaizvo, zvisinei, haisati yashandiswa mupurazi rinotsigira, nekuti kuita kwayo kunoda mamiriro asina kusimba panguva yese yekukura kana kusanganisa yakakosha microbiological additive mu sterilized substrate, iyo inosanganisira yakaoma yebhakitiriya. izvo zvinodzivirira kukura kwe mold fungi, uye kuiwana hazvisi nyore.
Muchikamu chekutanga chezana remakore reXX. imwe nzira isina-sterile yekurima howa ye oyster yakagadzirwa, iyo yakakosha ndeye pasteurization (steaming) yezvinovaka muviri, nepo mamwe maitiro anoitika pasi pemamiriro asina kubereka. Muchiitiko ichi, hapana chikonzero chezvimwe zvinowedzera, zvisinei, kushandiswa kweiyi nzira kunofanira kuitwa nekucherechedza kunokosha kwehutsanana hunodzivirira kupararira kwehutu uye mold fungi pane substrate.
Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa nevarimi vehowa imwechete uye mabhizinesi madiki anorima howa. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti kurimwa kwemaindasitiri kweiyo fungus nenzira isiri-yakashata ine dzimwe dzakaoma tekinoroji nzira, dzinoda midziyo yakakosha uye nyanzvi dzinokwanisa.
Iyo isiri-sterile nzira, kunyangwe ichinyatsoshanda, haigone kuvimbisa zvizere chirimwa chemhando yepamusoro chakagadzikana, sezvo paine njodzi yekukura kwe mold mune inovaka muviri. Varimi vehowa mumwechete vanogona kukurudzirwa kupfuya howa uhwu muhuwandu hudiki, nekuti muchiitiko ichi zviri nyore kuita.
Mushonga wekurimwa kwehowa weoyster unogona kunge uri tsvina yekurima, semuenzaniso, mashanga ezviyo, mateko emhodzi yesunflower, chibage, sowdust, shavings nezvimwe. Ingoona kuti haana mold usati washandiswa, kana zvisina kudaro anozove tsime reutachiona.
Tsvina yekurima inogona kusanganiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, zvichiita kuti pave nemigumisiro yakasiyana. Zvose izvi zvinobvumira varimi vehowa kwete kungoedza chete, asiwo kushandisa nekuchenjera tsvina yemumba.
Iyo inovaka muviri inopwanyika, 2% pasi limestone, 2% gypsum, 0,5% carbamide, 0,5% superphosphate (yehuremu hwese) uye mvura inowedzerwa kuitira kuti hunyoro hwekupedzisira husvike 75%. Kuti ikurumidze kutaridzika kwezvibereko uye kuwedzera kwavo, doro rezviyo kana bran zvinowedzerwa kumusanganiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, zvose zvinowedzera hazvifaniri kudarika 10% yehuremu hwose hwemacompost.
Ipapo iyo inovaka muviri inoiswa mumidziyo yekuomeswa uye inochengetwa ipapo kwemaawa 2-3 pakupisa kwe80-90 ° C, ichikurudzira dzimwe nguva. Nenzira iyi pasteurization ye substrate inoitwa. Neimwe nzira, unogona kubata manyowa nemhepo inopisa patembiricha ye55-60 ° C kwemaawa gumi nemaviri.
Kana oyster howa akakura mudiki mavhoriyamu akakwana, iyo inovaka muviri inogona kurapwa nemvura inopisa mumidziyo yakakodzera, mushure meiyo yakavharwa uye inosiiwa kwemaawa 2-4. Ipapo mvura inodururwa, iyo substrate yakaomeswa kune inodiwa (70-75%) humidity uye minerals inowedzerwa.
Pasteurization yemushonga wekudya unogona kuitwa sezvinotevera: zadza masaga uye uzviise mumidziyo umo steam kana mvura inopisa inopihwa, ichiisa iyo substrate kurapwa kwemaawa 6-10.
Chero zvazvingaitika, kurapwa kwekupisa kwe substrate kwakakosha kubvisa mold. Inogona kugadzirirwa nenzira dzakasiyana zvachose, pasinei nenzira yekurima mushroom.
Pakupera kwekupisa kwekupisa, iyo pasteurized nutrient medium inofanira kunyoroveswa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye yozoendeswa kunzvimbo yekudyara. Iyo substrate inogona kuiswa mumabhegi epurasitiki, mabhokisi, nezvimwewo, hukuru hwayo hunogona kunge hwakasiyana. Izvo zvakanakisisa zviyero 400x400x200 mm. Huwandu hwe substrate hunofanira kunge hwakakura zvakakwana (5-15 kg) kudzivirira kuoma nekukurumidza. Inofanirwa zvakare kudzvanywa zvishoma, uye zvakanyanya kukosha kuve nechokwadi chekuchena kwayo kana yaiswa mumudziyo wekurima howa.
Chinhonga chehowa chinodyarwa kana tembiricha yesubstrate yadzika kusvika pa25-28°C. Inounzwa kuhupamhi hwe 100-150 mm, yakaenzana yakavhenganiswa nepakati pekudya. Huwandu hwe mycelium hunofanira kuva 5-7% nekurema kwecompost. Kana pane zvishoma zvekudyara zvinhu, ipapo substrate inokura kwenguva refu, iyo inongowedzera njodzi yekugadzira kukwikwidza molds.
Kusanganiswa kwezviyo mycelium uye pasteurized cooled substrate inogona kuitwa usati wazadza midziyo nayo. Muchiitiko ichi, nekuda kwekusanganiswa kweyunifomu ye substrate ne mycelium, iyo yakafanana yunifomu kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekudya hunoitika. Iyi nzira yekuunza mycelium inoda kutarisisa zvakanyanya kuti ive nehutsanana munzvimbo dzekushanda.
Kuti ukure oyster howa mumabhegi, sezvinoratidzwa tekinoroji, zvinodikanwa kupa tembiricha ye20-25 ° C uye hunyoro hunyoro hwe90% muimba. Panguva ino, howa haudi chiedza. Mazuva 3-5 mushure mekudyara, pamusoro peiyo inovaka muviri yakafukidzwa nechena chena ye mycelium. Zvinotora mamwe mazuva 8-10 uye, kana tekinoroji yakanyatso kucherechedzwa zvakakwana, iyo inovaka muviri inoshanduka yakatsvuka, uye ipapo interweaving yewhite hyphae ichaonekwa, iyo inoratidza kutanga kwekukura kwe mycelium.
Kana iyo substrate ine mycelium iri mumabhegi, ipapo kucheka kunogadzirwa pairi kuita nzira yekukura howa.
Munguva yekukura kwe mycelium, zvakakosha kuona tembiricha muhupamhi hwemukati wemuviri 1-2 kanomwe pazuva. Kana ikasvika 28 ° C kana kupfuura nhamba iyi, ipapo mukamuri inofanira kunyatsofefeterwa.
Iyo nzira yekuvandudza mycelium inotora anenge 20-30 mazuva, uye pakupedzisira iyo substrate inopinda nayo inova monolithic block. Zvadaro zvivharo izvi mumabhegi kana zvimwe midziyo zvinotamirwa kune imwe imba inokosha, inonzi imba yekukura, uko kugadzikana kwekushisa kwe12-15 ° C kunochengetwa uye chiedza chinopiwa. Zvechokwadi, kana zvichibvira kuderedza kutonhora uye kuvhenekera mukamuri, unogona kusiya oyster mushroom apo substrate inoputika ne mycelium.
Oyster howa inobereka michero zviri nani kana mabhuroki akaiswa vertically, mushure mekuabvisa mumabhegi. Nzvimbo yemahara ye900-1000 mm yakafara inofanira kusiiwa pakati pemitsara yemabhuroko akaiswa kuti kurerutsa kuchengetedza nekukohwa. Nzvimbo yezvivharo zvinoenderana nehunhu hweimwe kamuri.
Muchidimbu, hazvifanirwe kubvisa zvidhinha kubva mumabhegi, asi kuti howa ukure kubva kumativi ese, zvinodikanwa kutema maburi mugoko rakatwasuka uye rakachinjika pachinhambwe che30-40 mm (kana zana). -100 mm) nehupamhi hwe150-10 mm. Iwe unogona zvakare kuita longitudinal kana muchinjika-yakaumbwa incisions. Dzimwe nguva mabhuroko anosimbiswa, uye vamwe varimi vehowa vanoturika mabhuroko akareba mumabhegi.
Kana iyo mycelium substrate iri mumabhokisi kana yakafanana, ipapo fungi inokura pamusoro yakavhurika nzvimbo yekukura kwepakati. Dzimwe nguva mabhokisi akaiswa pamagumo uye howa hunoonekwa pane yakamira ndege.
Kukurudzira fruiting, panguva ino, unogona kubata substrate ne mycelium yakakura kwemazuva 2-3 pakupisa kwe 3-5 ° C. Iyi nzira inokurudzirwa kuti iitwe isati yaisa substrate muimba yekukura. Zvisinei, nzira iyi ndeyekusarudza.
Munguva ye fruiting, hunyoro hwemhepo muimba yacho hunofanira kunge huri pakati pe80-100%, iyo iyo pakupisa kwe12-16 ° C inokwana kunyorovesa pasi nemadziro 1-2 kanomwe pazuva. Iyo block inotorwa mubhegi inogona kuoma, iyo iyo inonyoroveswa zvishoma kubva mugaba rekudiridza kana hose ine sprayer.
Kwenguva yakati ikozvino, tekinoroji yekurima oyster howa yave yakakurumbira, umo mabhuraki anosiiwa mumabhegi uye nzvimbo yacho inenge isina kunyoroveswa, sezvo paine hunyoro hwakakwana mune inovaka muviri yekuonekwa kwefungi. Zvechokwadi, muhomwe yepurasitiki yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka, saka, munyaya iyi, imba yacho inonyoroveswa chete kana tembiricha yemhepo inopfuura 18-20 ° C kuitira kuti ideredze.
Kana iyo fruiting inotanga, yakawanda yakawandisa carbon dioxide inounganidza munzvimbo, iyo inofanira kubviswa nemhepo. Kazhinji, kuvapo kwepamusoro-soro kufefetera panguva ino kwakaoma kuwedzeredza, sezvo nekutsinhana kwemhepo kwakashata, miviri inobereka michero haiumbe, pachinzvimbo chekukura kwemycelium inooneka.
Saka, kana iwe uchida kuwana zvinonaka howa howa, iwe unofanirwa kunyatso kupinza mukamuri. Sezvo mutemo, imwe shanduko yemhepo awa imwe neimwe yakakwana.
Nekudaro, kufefetera kwakanyanya kunopa dambudziko rekuona iyo inodiwa mwero wehunyoro hwemhepo, iri 90-95% maererano nekurudziro, asi mukuita chiratidzo ichi chinonetsa kuwana. Nzira yekubuda mumamiriro ezvinhu inowanikwa mukudiridza periodic yemasaga nemvura.
Kana zvidhinha zvichiendeswa kuimba inotonhora uye pasuru inovhurwa, mumazuva ekutanga 5-6, mvura yakapinda inogona kukuvadza mycelium. Nokudaro, hazvina kukodzera kuvadiridza pakarepo, zvakakwana kugara uchinyorovesa masvingo uye pasi pekamuri. Iyo substrate zvidhinha yakafukidzwa neyakamera mycelium haizotora unyoro, iyo inovabvumira kunyoroveswa nekupfapfaidza mvura 1-2 kanomwe pazuva pane imwe hunyoro ye95-100% uye 4-5 nguva pane hunyoro hwe85-95%.
Humidity inonyanya kuchengetwa pamwero wakakwana, nokuti kunyange kana iri zvishoma pasi pemazuva ose, izvi zvinotungamirira kumavhavha akaoma uye kuputika, kunyange zvazvo howa pachayo ichakura. Kana mwando wasvika 70% zvichidzika, goho rinogona kudzikira zvinooneka.
Mazuva ekutanga 5-6 ekugara kwezvivharo ne mycelium mukireshi, haugone kuve nehanya nekuvhenekesa, sezvo maitiro makuru anoitwa muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwekudya, uko kwakasviba chero zvakadaro. Nekudaro, panongoumbwa rudiments yemitumbi inobereka michero, zvinodikanwa kugadzira kupenya kwakanyanya kwemaawa manomwe-7 pazuva nekusimba kwe10-70 lux.
Kana nzvimbo yekurima oyster howa kubva kumycelium idiki zvakakwana uye yakasviba, shandisa marambi efluorescent kana zuva rakadzikira zvishoma. Chiedza chine mhedzisiro yakakomba pahowa uhu: makumbo akapfupikiswa, uye ekutanga machena kapu anosviba, mushure mezvo, mukuibva, anopenya zvakare, achiwedzera muhukuru.
Kuti husaore, howa hunokohwewa nekudimburirwa makumbo pahwaro chaipo. 2-3 mavhiki mushure mekutanga kwevheji rekukohwa, wechipiri wave uchaenda. Panguva ino, kutarisirwa kwakajairwa kwezvivharo kunoitwa, uye mwenje unobatidzwa panguva yekuumbwa kweiyo rudiments yemitumbi inobereka michero.
Sezvinoratidzwa nemaitiro, iyo yekutanga wave inogona kuunza kusvika ku75% yechirimwa chose. Kana mamiriro acho ari akanyanya, uye substrate iri yemhando yepamusoro, ipapo mumafungu maviri chirimwa chinowanikwa, chakaenzana nehuremu kusvika 25-30% yehukuru hwe substrate. Sezvauri kuona, kukura oyster howa kunobatsira chaizvo, yakachengetwa zvakanaka, inogona kutakurwa uye haityi kudziya kwakadzika.
Kana yechipiri wave ichipfuura, zviri nani kutsiva mabhuroki nemitsva ine mycelium nyowani. Mabhuroko ayo akakohwa anoshandiswa mumba - anogona kupihwa kuzvipfuwo uye kuwedzerwa kune chikafu chehuku.
Vhidhiyo iyi inotsanangura maitiro ekukura howa oyster mumabhegi:
Kudzora zvipembenene zvehowa hweoyster mumba
Pakati pezvipembenene zvishoma zvinobata fungus iyi ihowa nhunzi, mite uye mosquito. Zvirwere zvinowanzova bhakitiriya mune zvakasikwa uye zvinoonekwa mushure mekukuvadzwa netupukanana.
Nzira yakajairwa yekuuraya utachiona mukamuri yekurima howa oyster ndeyekufirita madziro nemushonga we 2-4% webleach kana formalin. Ipapo imba yacho yakavharwa kwemazuva maviri, mushure mezvo inovhurwa uye inofefetera kwemazuva 2-1. Kugadziriswa kwakadaro kunofanirwa kuitwa pamberi peimwe neimwe inotevera kushandiswa kwenzvimbo.
Nhamba inodiwa ye bleach yekudzivirira zvipembenene paunenge uchikura oyster howa mumabhegi inonyungudutswa mberi mune imwe vhoriyamu yemvura, uye yobva yanyungudutswa nemvura kune inodiwa fungidziro uye yasara kuti ipise kwemaawa maviri. Musanganiswa unoguma unomutswa uye unoshandiswa kuchenesa imba, iyo, mushure mekupfira, yakavharwa kwemazuva maviri. Matanho ekudzivirira ne bleach anofanira kuitwa mazuva 2-15 kusati kwaiswa substrate, sezvo panguva ino chlorine ichava nenguva yekunyangarika.
Kunyange zvazvo fungus iyi ine hutachiona hushoma uye zvipembenene, zvakaoma kubata nazvo, sezvo vazhinji vavo vanogara mukati me substrate, iyo, zvakare, iri pasi pefirimu nguva zhinji. Nokudaro, matanho makuru ekudzivirira anoitwa seyero yekudzivirira kunyange kusati kwaiswa mycelium mu substrate.
Semuenzaniso, makamuri ehowa oyster anofukidzwa nesulfur dioxide. Kuti uite izvi, mapepa ekubheka akaiswa pazvidhinha. Sulfure inoiswa pamusoro (40-60 g pa 1 m2 yekamuri). Vanobva vavheneka vovhara magonhi zvakasimba. Siya mukamuri kwemazuva maviri, mushure mezvo vanovhura uye vopinza mweya kwemazuva gumi.
Fumigation inoitwa chete kana imba yacho yakaoma zvakakwana. Kana yakanyorova, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa imwe nzira yekuuraya utachiona.
Pakukura oyster howa mumba, kunyanya kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune kuchena kwemidziyo inoshandiswa. Pamberi pebasa, zvishandiso zvose zvinobatwa ne 40% formalin solution, uye zvakare nemvura yakachena. Substrate midziyo ine disinfected uye inochengetwa muimba yakachena.
Zvipembenene zvine ngozi zvehowa oyster inhunzi dzehowa, dzinodya mycelium uye miviri inobereka michero, uye mabhakitiriya anopinda mumaronda. Nhunzi dzinowanzoonekwa mumwaka wekudziya patembiricha iri pamusoro pe15°C. Vazhinji vavo vanova apo mycelium inotanga kukura mune zvinovaka muviri uye yakakura. Iko panguva iyi, inogara mavhiki mashanu-5, iyo tembiricha mukamuri ine substrate inonyanya kukodzera kukura kwezvipembenene.
Mukana wekukuvadza kubva kunhunzi uye umhutu unowedzera kana ma substrates ekare uye matsva ari muimba imwe chete. Zvipembenene zvinobva mumatombo akare zvinoenda kune zvitsva, kwazvinokandira mazai.
Matanho ekudzivirira muchimiro chekuuraya hutachiona kwenzvimbo uye sterilization ye substrate inodiwawo kurwisa kupararira kwefungal mite, nekuti hapana nzira dzinoshanda dzekurwisa. Saizi yavo idiki kwazvo, uye vanodya pa mycelium, ichipinda mumiviri inobereka michero. Chirwere chechipiri nebhakitiriya hachina nguva refu kuuya. Muchiitiko ichi, nzvimbo dzakakanganiswa dzinonyorova uye dzinosviba.
Oyster howa chinhu chakakomba chakakomba. Kana kuti kwete, kwete iye, asi spores yake, iyo inoonekwa nguva pfupi mushure mekunge howa hunotanga kuumba ngowani. Nokudaro, kana uchishanda nefungus, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa kufema. Kunyanya kutarisirwa kunofanirwa kutorwa kana uchidyara mhando nyowani dzeoyster mushroom ine isingazivikanwe allergenic properties.