Mwoyo (kubva pashoko rechiGiriki rokuti cardia uye kubva muchiLatin cor, “mwoyo”) ndiyo mutezo wepakati wetsinga yemwoyo. Iyo chaiyo "pombi", inovimbisa kutenderera kweropa mumuviri nekuda kweiyo rhythmic contractions. Mukubatana kwepedyo nehurongwa hwekufema, inobvumira oxygenation yeropa uye kubviswa kwecarbon dioxide (CO2).

Mwoyo inhengo isina mhasuru, ine tsandanyama iri mukati membabvu. Iri pakati pemapapu maviri kuseri kwebhonzo rechipfuva, riri muchimiro chepiramidhi rakapidiguka. Iyo yepamusoro (kana apex) inogara pamhasuru ye diaphragm uye inonongedza pasi, kumberi, kuruboshwe.

Haina kukura kupfuura chibhakera chakavharwa, inorema paavhareji 250 kusvika 350 magiramu muvakuru kweanenge 12 cm kureba.

Envelopu nemadziro

Mwoyo wakakomberedzwa nehamvuropu, iyo pericardium. Inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: imwe yakabatanidzwa pamhasuru yemwoyo, myocardium, uye imwe yacho inogadzirisa mwoyo kumapapu uye diaphragm.

 Rusvingo rwemoyo rwakaumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu, kubva kunze kusvika mukati:

• iyo epicardium
• iyo myocardium, inoumba huwandu hwehuwandu hwemoyo
• iyo endocardium, iyo inomisa maburi

Mwoyo unodiridzwa pamusoro necoronary artery system, iyo inoupa iyo oksijeni uye chikafu chinodiwa pakushanda kwayo kwakaringana.

Makomba emwoyo

Mwoyo wakakamurwa kuita makamuri mana: maviri atria (kana atria) uye maviri ventricles. Vakabatana vaviri vaviri, vanoumba moyo wekurudyi uye weruboshwe. Iwo atria ari muchikamu chepamusoro chemoyo, iwo maburi ekugamuchira ropa re venous.

Muchikamu chepasi chemoyo, maventricles ndiwo anotangira kutenderera kweropa. Nekubatirana, maventricles anoburitsa ropa kunze kwemoyo mutsinga dzakasiyana. Aya ndiwo mapombi chaiwo emoyo. Madziro avo akakora kupfuura aya eatria uye ega anomiririra hunenge huwandu hwemoyo wese.

Atria inoparadzaniswa nechikamu chinonzi interatrial septum uye maventricles ari pedyo interventricular septum.

Mavharuvhu emwoyo

Mumoyo, mavharuvhu mana anopa ropa kuyerera kwenzira imwe. Imwe neimwe atrium inotaurirana neiyo ventricle inoenderana kuburikidza nevharuvhu: iyo tricuspid vharafu kurudyi uye mitral vharafu kuruboshwe. Mamwe mavharuvhu maviri ari pakati pemaventricles uye anoenderana artery: aortic valve uye pulmonary valve. Rudzi rwe "valve", vanodzivirira kuyerera kweropa kumashure sezvainopfuura pakati pemakomba maviri.

Pombi kaviri

Mwoyo, nekuda kwebasa rawo rekusveta kaviri uye pombi yekumanikidza, inovimbisa kutenderera kweropa mumuviri kupa oxygen uye chikafu kumatishu. Kune marudzi maviri ekutenderera: pulmonary circulation uye systemic circulation.

Pulmonary circulation

Basa rekutenderera kwepulmonary kana kutenderera kudiki kuendesa ropa kumapapu kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekuchinjana kwegasi uye wozoridzosera kumoyo. Rutivi rworudyi rwemoyo ndiyo pombi yekutenderera kwemapapu.

Ropa rakapera mweya weokisijeni, CO2-rakapfuma rinopinda mumuviri muatrium yekurudyi kuburikidza nepamusoro uye nechepasi vena cava tsinga. Inobva yadzika mumhepo yekurudyi inoiburitsa mutsinga mbiri dzepulmonary (pulmonary trunk). Vanotakura ropa kuenda kumapapu uko rinobvisa CO2 uye rinotora oxygen. Inobva yadzoserwa kumoyo, kuruboshwe rweatrium, kuburikidza nepulmonary veins.

Systemic kutenderera

The systemic circulation inova nechokwadi chekugovaniswa kweropa kumatishu mumuviri wese uye kudzoka kwaro kumoyo. Pano, mwoyo wekuruboshwe unoshanda sepombi.

Ropa reoxygenated rinosvika kuruboshwe rweatrium uye rozopfuura kune ventricle yekuruboshwe, iyo inoibudisa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa mutsinga yeaorta. Kubva ipapo, inogoverwa kunhengo dzakasiyana-siyana uye matishu emuviri. Inobva yadzoserwa kumoyo wekurudyi nevenous network.

Kurova kwemoyo uye kukanganisika kwega

Kutenderera kunopiwa nekurova kwemoyo. Kurova kwega kwega kunofambirana nekumanikana kwemhasuru yemwoyo, myocardium, inoumbwa nezvikamu zvakakura zvemasero etsandanyama. Kufanana nemamhasuru ese, inobatana pasi pesimba remagetsi anotevedzana. Asi moyo une hunyanzvi hwekubatirana nenzira yega, ine mutinhimira uye yakazvimiririra nekuda kwekuita kwemagetsi mukati.

Mwoyo wepakati unorova kanosvika mabhiriyoni matatu muhupenyu hwemakore makumi manomwe nemashanu.

Chirwere chemwoyo ndicho chiri kukonzera kufa kwevanhu munyika. Muna 2012, nhamba yevakafa yakafungidzirwa kusvika 17,5 miriyoni, kana 31% yehuwandu hwepasi rose kufa (4).

Kurohwa (sitiroko)

Zvinoenderana nekuvhara kana kuputika kwemudziyo unotakura ropa muuropi (5).

Myocardial infarction (kana chirwere chemoyo)

Hosha yemoyo ndiko kuparara kwetsandanyama yemwoyo zvishoma. Mwoyo hauchakwanisi kuita basa rekupomba womira kurova (6).

Angina pectoris (kana kuti angina)

Inoratidzwa nekurwadziwa kunodzvinyirira kunogona kuwanikwa muchipfuva, ruoko rworuboshwe uye rushaya.

Heart failure

Mwoyo hauchakwanisa kupomba zvinokwana kuti ropa riyerere rinokwana zvese zvinodiwa nemuviri.

Mwoyo rhythm kukanganisa (kana cardiac arrhythmia)

Kurova kwemoyo hakuna kurongeka, kunonoka kana kukurumidza, pasina shanduko idzi mune rhythm ichibatanidzwa kune inonzi "physiological" chikonzero (kusimba kwemuviri, semuenzaniso (7).

Valvulopathies 

Kukanganiswa kwebasa remavhavha emwoyo nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kugadzirisa basa remoyo (8).

Mwoyo kuremara

Congenital malformations yemoyo, iripo pakuzvarwa.

Cardiomyopathies 

Zvirwere zvinotungamirira mukusashanda zvakanaka kwemhasuru yemoyo, myocardium. Kudzikira kugona kupomba ropa nekuriburitsa mukufamba.

pericarditis

Kuzvimba kwepericardium nekuda kwehutachiona: hutachiona, bhakitiriya kana hutachiona. Kuzvimba kunogonawo kuitika mushure mekukuvara kwakanyanya kana kushoma.

Venous thrombosis (kana phlebitis)

Kuumbwa kwezvivharo mutsinga dzakadzika dzegumbo. Njodzi yekuvhara inokwira mu inferior vena cava ipapo mu pulmonary arteries apo ropa rinodzokera kumoyo.

Pulmonary embolism

Kutama kwemagwamba mumapulmonary arteries kwaanovharirwa.

Zvinhu zvinotyisa

Kusvuta, kudya kwakashata, kufutisa, kusaita muviri uye kunwa doro zvakanyanyisa, high blood pressure, chirwere cheshuga uye hyperlipidemia zvinowedzera njodzi yekurwadziwa kwemoyo uye sitiroko.

dziviriro

WHO (4) inokurudzira maminitsi angangoita makumi matatu ekurovedza muviri pazuva. Kudya michero mishanu nemiriwo pazuva uye kuderedza kunwa munyu kunobatsirawo kudzivirira mwoyo kana sitiroko.

Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) uye njodzi dzemwoyo

Zvidzidzo (9-11) zvakaratidza kuti nguva yakareba, yakawanda-dose yeNSAIDs (Advil, Iboprene, Voltarene, etc.) yakaratidza vanhu kumatambudziko emwoyo.

Murevereri uye chirwere chevhavha

Yakarongedzerwa kunyanya kurapa hypertriglyceridemia (mwero wemamwe mafuta akawandisa muropa) kana hyperglycemia (yakanyanya kuwanda yeshuga), yakarongerwawo kune vane chirwere cheshuga vane uremu. Iyo "appetite suppressant" pfuma yakakonzera kuti idyiwe zvakanyanya kunze kwezviratidzo izvi kubatsira vanhu vasina chirwere cheshuga kuderedza uremu. Yakazobatanidzwa nehosha yevhavha yemwoyo uye chirwere chisingawanzoitiki chemwoyo chinonzi Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) (12).

Chiremba bvunzo

Chiremba wako anozotanga kuita ongororo yekutanga: kuverenga BP, kuteerera kurova kwemoyo, kutora kupuruzira, kuongorora kufema, kuongorora dumbu (13), nezvimwe.

Doppler ultrasound

Imwe nzira yekurapa yekufungidzira inoongorora mafambiro uye kudiridza mamiriro emoyo netsinga dzeropa kutarisa kuvharika kwetsinga kana mamiriro emavharuvhu.

Coronographie

Medical imaging tekinoroji inobvumira kuona kweiyo coronary arteries.

Ultrasound yemoyo (kana echocardiography)

Medical imaging technique iyo inobvumira kuonekwa kwezvimiro zvemukati zvemoyo (cavities nemavharuvhu).

EKG pakuzorora kana panguva yekurovedza muviri

Muedzo unorekodha kushanda kwemagetsi emwoyo kuitira kuona zvisirizvo.

Heart scintigraphy

Imaging kuongorora iyo inobvumira kutarisa kunaka kwekudiridza kwemoyo nema coronary arteries.

Angioscanner

Kuongorora kunokubvumira kuti uongorore mitsipa yeropa kuti uone pulmonary embolism, somuenzaniso.

Bypass kuvhiyiwa

Kuvhiya kunoitwa kana tsinga dzemwoyo dzakavharika kuitira kudzoreredza kutenderera kweropa.

Kuongorora kwechiremba

Lipid profile:

• Kutsunga kwe triglycerides: yakawandisa muropa, inogona kubatsira pakuvharika kwetsinga.
• Kutsunga kwecholesterol: LDL cholesterol, inotsanangurwa se "yakaipa" cholesterol, inosanganiswa nekuwedzera kwehutano hwemwoyo kana huripo muhuwandu hwakanyanya muropa.
• Kutsunga kwe fibrinogen : inobatsira pakuongorora maitiro ekurapa kunonzi ” fibrinolytic", Yakanangana nekunyungudutsa ropa rakagwamba kana thrombosis.

Mwoyo ndiyo nhengo inofananidzira yemuviri wemunhu. Munguva yeAntiquity, yaionekwa sepakati pehungwaru. Bva, kwave kuchionekwa mutsika dzakawanda senzvimbo yemirangariro nemirangariro, zvichida nemhaka yokuti mwoyo unobata kumurangariro ndokuikonzerawo. Yakanga iri muMiddle Ages apo chimiro chekufananidzira chemoyo chakaonekwa. Munyika yose inonzwisiswa, inoratidza chido uye rudo.