Will Tuttle, Ph.D., mumwe wevanhu vakakosha mubato remazuva ano rekodzero dzemhuka, munyori weThe World Peace Diet, akadonongodza muchidimbu uye muchidimbu nhoroondo nekushanduka kwesangano repasi rose rekodzero dzemhuka.
Maererano naDr. Tuttle, pfungwa yepamutemo ndeyokuti mhuka dzinoiswa paNyika kuti dzishandiswe nevanhu, uye kuti utsinye, sechikamu chemaitiro ekushandisa, inogamuchirwa zvakakwana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, purofesa anotenda, kufamba kwekodzero dzemhuka kutyisidzira kwakakomba kune chimiro chesimba chiripo munyika.
Inotevera ndiyo hurukuro yakazara yePh.D. paWorld Animal Rights Conference muLos Angeles mukupera kwaChikunguru wegore rino.
"Patinopikisa maonero ehurumende aya, tinopokana zvakare chimiro chemasimba uye maonero epasi rose etsika iyi, pamwe nekududzirwa kwetsika dzedu kunogamuchirwa kwenhoroondo yayo. Tese tinoziva nezvemienzaniso yakawanda yenhema dzepamutemo pfungwa dziripo kana kuti dzanga dziri kare. Somuenzaniso: "Kana ukasadya nyama, mukaka uye mazai, munhu achafa nekushaya mapuroteni"; "Kana mvura ikasawedzerwa fluorine, ipapo mazino achakuvadzwa ne caries"; “Mhuka hadzina mweya”; "Gwaro rekunze reUS rine chinangwa chekumisa rusununguko uye democracy pasi rose"; "Kuti uve nehutano, unofanirwa kunwa mushonga uye kubaiwa," uye zvichingodaro ...
Mudzi wemafambiro ekodzero dzemhuka uri kubvunza pfungwa yepamutemo padanho rayo rakadzama. Naizvozvo, kufamba kwekodzero dzemhuka kutyisidzira kwakakomba kune chimiro chesimba chiripo. Muchidimbu, kufamba kwekodzero dzemhuka kunowira kune vegan mararamiro anoderedza hutsinye hwedu kumhuka kusvika padiki. Uye isu tinokwanisa kuronda midzi yekufamba kwedu kudzokera kumashure munhoroondo yenharaunda yedu.
Maererano nezvidzidzo zveanthropological, nezve 8-10 zviuru zvemakore apfuura, munzvimbo iyo nyika yeIraq ikozvino yave, vanhu vakatanga kuita hufundisi - kutora uye kuiswa mujeri kwemhuka kuti dzidye - kutanga kwaiva mbudzi nemakwai, uye pamusoro pe2. makore ane chiuru gare gare akawedzera mhou nedzimwe mhuka. Ndinotenda kuti iyi ndiyo yaive yekupedzisira shanduko huru munhoroondo yetsika dzedu, iyo yakashandura zvakanyanya nzanga yedu uye isu, vanhu vakaberekerwa mutsika iyi.
Kwenguva yekutanga, mhuka dzakatanga kuonekwa maererano nekutengesa kwavo, panzvimbo yekuonekwa seyakasununguka, yakazara nezvakavanzika, yakapiwa chiremerera chavo, vavakidzani paPlaneti. Shanduko iyi yakachinja maitiro ehunhu mutsika: vakapfuma vepamusoro vakamira pachena, vaine mombe sechiratidzo chehupfumi hwavo.
Hondo huru dzokutanga dzakaitika. Uye iro iro izwi rekuti "hondo", muSanskrit yekare "gavyaa", chaizvoizvo raireva: "chishuvo chekutora mombe dzakawanda." Izwi rokuti "capitalism" rinobva muchiLatin "capita" - "musoro", maererano ne "musoro wemombe", uye nekuvandudzwa kwenharaunda inobatanidzwa mumabasa ehondo, yakayera hupfumi hwevakuru vane hupfumi. misoro: mhuka nevanhu vakatapwa muhondo.
Chimiro chevakadzi chakaderedzwa zvakarongeka, uye munguva yezvakaitika kare makore ane zviuru zve3 apfuura, vakatanga kutengwa uye kutengeswa sechinhu. Chimiro chemhuka dzesango chakaderedzwa kusvika kuchimiro chezvipembenene, sezvo zvaigona kupa tyisidziro ku“guta guru” revaridzi vemombe. Sayenzi yakatanga kukura munzira yekutsvaga nzira dzekukunda nekudzvinyirira mhuka nemasikirwo. Panguva imwecheteyo, mukurumbira wemurume wechirume wakagadzirwa se "macho": tamer uye muridzi wezvipfuwo, akasimba, asingafungi nezvezviito zvake, uye anokwanisa hutsinye hwakanyanya kune mhuka nevaridzi vemombe.
Iyi tsika yehasha yakapararira nechisimba kumabvazuva kweMediterranean uye ipapo kuEurope neAmerica. Ichiri kupararira. Isu tinozvarwa mutsika iyi, iyo yakavakirwa pamisimboti imwechete uye tinoaita mazuva ese.
Nguva yenhoroondo yakatanga makore 2500 apfuura yatisiya tine humbowo hwekutaura kwekutanga kwevane mukurumbira muruzhinji vachifarira kunzwira tsitsi mhuka uye nekuda izvo zvatingadaidza kuti veganism nhasi. MuIndia, vaviri vakararama panguva imwe chete navo, Mahavir, mudzidzisi aizivikanwa zvikuru wetsika dzechiJain, uye Shakyamuni Buddha, watinoziva kubva munhau saBuddha, vose vakaparidza vachifarira kudya kwemiti uye vaida kuti vadzidzi vavo varege kuva nemhuka dzipi nedzipi, kuti dzisakuvadze. mhuka, nokudzidya kuti dzive zvokudya. Tsika dzose dziri mbiri, tsika dzaJane kunyanya, dzinoti dzakavamba makore anopfuura 2500 apfuura, uye kuti tsika yemararamiro asina chisimba nevateveri vechitendero inodzokera kumashure zvakanyanya.
Ava ndivo vaiva vekutanga vatsigiri vekodzero dzemhuka vatinogona kutaura nezvavo zvakarurama nhasi. Hwaro hwekuratidzira kwavo kwaive kudzidzisa nekunzwisisa kwaAhimsa. Ahimsa ndiyo dzidziso yekusava nechisimba uye kubvuma pfungwa yokuti chisimba kune vamwe vanhu vane manzwiro haasi asina tsika chete uye anounza kutambura kwavari, asiwo anounza kutambura uye mutoro kune uyo ari kukonzera mhirizhonga, pamwe chete. kunzanga pachayo.
Ahimsa ndiyo hwaro hweveganism, chishuwo chekuchengeta hutsinye kune vanhu vane manzwiro kusvika padiki kuburikidza nekusapindira zvachose muhupenyu hwemhuka kana kupindira kushoma, uye kupa mhuka hutongi uye kodzero yekurarama hupenyu hwavo pachavo mumasikirwo.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti kuve nemhuka dzekudya ndiyo musimboti wakafukidzwa unotsanangura tsika yedu, uye kuti mumwe nemumwe wedu aive kana achiri pasi pemafungiro anorairwa netsika dzegastronomic dzenharaunda yedu: pfungwa yekutonga, iyo kubviswa kwevasina simba kubva mudenderedzwa retsitsi, kuderedza kukosha kwezvimwe zvisikwa, elitism.
Vaporofita vemweya vekuIndia, nekuparidza kwavo kweAhimsa, vakaramba uye vakaramba tsika ine hutsinye hwetsika yedu makore 2500 apfuura, uye vaive vekutanga vegans avo ruzivo rwakadzika kwatiri. Vakaedza nokungwarira kuderedza utsinye kumhuka, uye kupfuudza nzira iyi kune vamwe. Iyi nguva ine simba yekushanduka kwetsika yedu, yakadanwa naKarl Jaspers "Axial Age" (Axial Age), yakapupurira kutaridzika panguva imwe chete kana kuvharika kwenguva kwehofori dzetsika dzakadai saPythagoras, Heraclitus naSocrates muMediterranean, Zarathustra muPersia, Lao Tzu. uye Chang Tzu muChina , muporofita Isaya nevamwe vaporofita muMiddle East.
Vose vakasimbisa ukoshi hwetsitsi nokuda kwemhuka, kurambwa kwechibayiro chemhuka, uye vakadzidzisa kuti utsinye kumhuka hunodzokera kuvanhu vamene. Izvo zvinotenderera zvinouya. Pfungwa idzi dzakaparadzirwa nevadzidzisi vemweya nevazivi kwemazana emakore, uye pakatanga nguva yechiKristu, mamongi echiBhudha akanga atotanga nzvimbo dzekunamata kuMadokero, dzichisvika kuEngland, China neAfrica, dzichiuya nenheyo dzeahimsa neAfrica. veganism.
Munyaya yevazivi vekare, ndinoshandisa nemaune shoko rokuti "veganism" uye kwete "vegetarianism" nekuda kwekuti kukurudzirwa kwedzidziso idzodzo kunopindirana nekukurudzira kweveganism - kuderedza hutsinye kune zvisikwa zvinonzwa kusvika zvishoma.
Nepfungwa dzose dzenyika yekare dzichipindirana, hazvishamisi kuti vanyori venhoroondo dzekare vakawanda vaidavira kuti Jesu Kristu nevadzidzi vake vairega kudya nyama yemhuka, uye magwaro akasvika kwatiri okuti madzibaba echiKristu okutanga akanga ari vanhu vanodya miriwo uye sezvinobvira. vegans.
Mazana amakore mashomanene gare gare, apo chiKristu chakava rudzidziso rwapamutemo rwoUmambo hweRoma, mukati menguva yaMambo Constantine, uzivi nomuitiro wokunzwira tsitsi mhuka zvakadzvinyirirwa noutsinye, uye avo vaifungidzirwa kuti vairamba nyama vakatambudzwa noutsinye ndokuurawa navaRoma. masoja.
Muitiro wokuranga tsitsi wakapfuurira kwamazana amakore anoverengeka pashure pokuwa kweRoma. Mukati meMiddle Ages muEurope, vaKaturike vanodya miriwo vakadai sevaCathars nevaBogomil vakadzvinyirirwa uye pakupedzisira vakaparadzwa zvachose nechechi. Pamusoro pezviri pamusoro apa, munguva dzenyika yekare neMiddle Ages, kwaivewo nemamwe mafungu uye vanhu vamwe navamwe vaikurudzira huzivi hwekusaita zvechisimba kumhuka: muNeoplatonic, Hermetic, Sufi, Judaic uye Christian zvikoro zvechitendero.
Munguva yeRenaissance neRenaissance, simba rechechi rakaderera, uye nekudaro, sainzi yemazuva ano yakatanga kukura, asi, zvinosuruvarisa, izvi hazvina kuvandudza magumo emhuka, asi, pane zvinopesana, zvakakonzera hutsinye hwakanyanya. kushandiswa kwavo nekuda kwekuedza, varaidzo, kugadzirwa kwembatya uye zvechokwadi chikafu. Nepo izvo zvisati zvaitika paive nekanoni yekuremekedza mhuka sezvisikwa zvaMwari, mumazuva ehutongi hwekuda pfuma kuvepo kwavo kwaingoonekwa sezvinhu uye zviwanikwa munzira yekusimudzira maindasitiri uye mumamiriro ekukura kwekukurumidza kwehuwandu hwevanhu. . Izvi zvichiri kuenderera mberi nanhasi uye zvinounza njodzi kumhuka dzese, pamwe nezvisikwa uye vanhu pachavo nekuda kwekuparadza kukuru uye kuparadzwa kwezvisikwa nemhuka dzesango.
Mafungiro anopindirana anobva kumativi akasiyana-siyana enyika agara achibatsira kupikisa kunambwa kwepamutemo kwetsika dzedu, uye muzana remakore rechi19 nerechi20, izvi zvakapupurirwa nokumutsiridza kunokurumidza kwezvinomera uye pfungwa dzokugara zvakanaka kwemhuka. Izvi zvakanyanya kukurudzirwa nedzidziso dzakawanwa zvakare dzakabva kuMabvazuva kuenda kuEurope neNorth America. Shanduro dzekare dzechiBuddha nedzeJain sacred sutras, Upanishads neVedas, Tao Te Chings nemamwe magwaro eIndia neChina, uye kuwanwa kwevanhu vari kubudirira pakudya kwezvirimwa, zvakaita kuti vakawanda munyika dzokuMadokero vasava nechokwadi netsika dzenzanga yavo dzokuti. hutsinye kumhuka.
Izwi rokuti "vegetarian" rakaumbwa muna 1980 panzvimbo yekare "Pythagorean". Kuedza uye kusimudzirwa kwekudya kwemiti kwakakwezva vanyori vakawanda vane simba vakaita se: Shelley, Byron, Bernard Shaw, Schiller, Schopenhauer, Emerson, Louise May Alcott, Walter Besant, Helena Blavatsky, Leo Tolstoy, Gandhi nevamwe. Bato rechiKristu rakaumbwawo, raisanganisira vakuru vakati wandei vemakereke, vakadai sa: William Cowherd kuEngland neprotegé yake muAmerica, William Metcalfe, aiparidza tsitsi kumhuka. Ellen White webazi reSeventh-day Adventist uye Charles naMyrtle Fillmore veUnity Christian School vakaparidza veganism makore makumi mana izwi rekuti "vegan" risati ragadzirwa.
Kuburikidza nekuedza kwavo, pfungwa yemabhenefiti ekudya kwezvirimwa yakagadziridzwa, uye kutarisisa kwakakweverwa kune hutsinye hunobatanidzwa mukushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemhuka. Masangano ekutanga eruzhinji ekuchengetedzwa kwemhuka akaumbwa - akadai RSPCA, ASPCA, Humane Society.
Muna 1944 muEngland, Donald Watson akasimbisa nheyo dzesangano remazuva ano rekodzero dzemhuka. Akagadzira izwi rekuti "vegan" uye akatanga Vegan Society muLondon mukunetsa kwakananga kune yepamutemo vhezheni yetsika yedu uye musimboti wayo. Donald Watson akarondedzera veganism se“uzivi nemararamiro asingabatanidzi, kusvika pazvinogoneka, marudzi ose ekubiridzira uye utsinye kumhuka nokuda kwezvokudya, zvokupfeka, kana kuti chimwe chinangwa chipi nechipi.”
Nokudaro kufamba kwevegan kwakazvarwa sechiratidziro chechokwadi chekare uye chisingaperi cheAhimsa, uye iyo ndiyo mwoyo wekufamba kwekodzero dzemhuka. Kubva ipapo, makumi emakore apfuura, mabhuku akawanda akadhindwa, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakadhindwa, masangano akawanda uye periodicals zvakatangwa, nhamba yezvinyorwa uye mawebhusaiti zvakasikwa, zvose mukuedza kumwe chete kwevanhu kuderedza utsinye kumhuka.
Nekuda kwekuedza kwese kuri pamusoro apa, veganism uye kodzero dzemhuka dziri kuwedzera kuuya pamberi, uye kufamba kuri kuwedzera, kunyangwe kushorwa kukuru kwemasangano ese enharaunda yedu, ruvengo kubva kutsika dzedu dzetsika, uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvakaoma. kubatanidzwa mukuita uku.
Zviri kuwedzera kujeka kuti hutsinye hwedu kune mhuka mutyairi wakananga wekuparadza kwezvakatipoteredza, zvirwere zvedu zvepanyama uye zvepfungwa, hondo, nzara, kusaenzana uye hutsinye hwemagariro evanhu, tisingatauri kuti hutsinye uhwu hahuna chikonzero chetsika chero ipi zvayo.
Mapoka nevanhu vanouya pamwe chete kuti vasimudzire kodzero dzemhuka mumisanganiswa yakasiyana-siyana yenzvimbo dzedziviriro, zvichienderana nezvavanonyanya kuda, nokudaro vachigadzira nhevedzano yemakwikwi emakwikwi. Pamusoro pezvo, pave nekatsika, kunyanya pakati pemasangano makuru, kuita mishandirapamwe pamwe chete nemaindasitiri ekushandisa mhuka mukuyedza kupesvedzera maindasitiri aya uye kuvaita kuti vaderedze hutsinye muzvigadzirwa zvavo. Iyi mishandirapamwe inogona kubudirira mune zvemari kune aya masangano ekodzero dzemhuka, ichiwedzera kuyerera kwezvipo semhedzisiro yekuziviswa kweimwe "kukunda" mushure meimwe kuitira kubatsira kwemhuka dziri muuranda, asi zvinoshamisa, kuita kwavo kunobatanidza nenjodzi huru kune kufamba kwekodzero dzemhuka uye kune veganism.
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi. Chimwe chazvo isimba guru iro indasitiri inofanira kushandura inoita senge kukunda kwemhuka kuve kukunda kwayo pachayo. Izvi zvinorovera pasi kubva pasi petsoka dzesangano rerusununguko rwemhuka patinotanga kukurukura kuti rudzii rwekuuraya rwune hunhu. Mutengi anogona kudya zvakawanda zvemhuka kana aine chokwadi chekuti zvine hunhu.
Somugumisiro wemishandirapamwe yakadaro, chimiro chemhuka sepfuma yemumwe munhu chinosimbiswazve. Uye sesangano, pachinzvimbo chekutungamira vanhu kune veganism, tinovaraira kuti vavhote musarudzo uye nezvikwama zvavo muzvitoro zvehutsinye kumhuka, zvakanyorwa sevanhu.
Izvi zvakatungamirira kumamiriro ezvinhu epanguva ino yekufamba kwedu, sangano rinonyanya kushandiswa uye rakaderedzwa nemaindasitiri ane utsinye. Izvi ndezvemuzvarirwo, tichitarisa simba rinoshandiswa neindasitiri uye kusabatana kwedu mukusarudza nzira yekusunungura mhuka kubva muhutsinye hwevanhu nekukurumidza. Hutsinye hunoitwa nemhuka semugumisiro wenzvimbo yepfuma yakadzikwa.
Isu tinorarama munharaunda ine musimboti ndiyo musimboti wekutonga kwakakwana pamusoro pemhuka, uye mumwe nemumwe wedu akagamuchira kurudziro iyi kubva pakuzvarwa. Kana isu tikabvunza musimboti uyu, tinobatana nekuedza kwemazana emakore kusunungura mhuka, uye ndicho musimboti weAhimsa uye veganism.
Sangano revegan (iro rinonyanya kushanda zvakafanana rekufamba kwekodzero dzemhuka) ibato reshanduko yakakwana yenzanga, uye mune izvi inosiyana kubva kune chero imwe nzanga yerusununguko. Zvakajairwa, zvechinyakare hutsinye kumhuka nekuda kwekudya zvinoshatisa uye zvinokanganisa huchenjeri hwedu hwepakutanga uye pfungwa yekunzwira tsitsi, kugadzira mamiriro anovhura nzira yemamwe marudzi ehutsinye kumhuka, pamwe nekuratidzwa kwehunhu hwakanyanya kune vamwe vanhu.
Iyo vegan kufamba kwakasimba mupfungwa yekuti inoenda kumidzi yematambudziko edu makuru, hutsinye hwedu. Zvinoda isu, avo vanotsigira veganism uye kodzero dzemhuka, kuti tichenese hana yedu yehutsinye uye pfungwa yekusarudzika iyo nzanga yedu yakapinza matiri. Chii icho vadzidzisi vekare vakateerera, mapiyona ebato rekodzero dzemhuka. Tinogona kushandisa mhuka chero bedzi isu tichivabvisa kubva mudenderedzwa redu retsitsi, ndosaka veganism ichipokana nekusarudzika. Uyezve, sevegans isu tinoshevedzwa kudzidzira kusanganisira kwete mhuka chete asiwo vanhu mudenderedzwa redu retsitsi.
Sangano revegan rinoda kuti tive shanduko yatinoda kuona zvakatipoteredza uye kubata vanhu vose, kusanganisira vadzivisi vedu, neruremekedzo. Uyu ndiwo musimboti weveganism uye Ahimsa sekunzwisiswa kwawakaitwa uye kupfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa munhoroondo. Uye mukupedzisa. Tiri kurarama mudambudziko guru uye rinodzika iro riri kutipa mikana isati yamboitika. Chifukidziro chekare chiri kupeperetswa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya nekuda kwedambudziko rakawanda renzanga yedu.
Vanhu vakawanda vari kuona kuti nzira chete yekuti vanhu vararame ndeyekuenda vegan. Panzvimbo pokutaurirana namaindasitiri akavakirwa pautsinye, tinogona kutendeukira kuuchenjeri hwaavo vakatigadzirira nzira pamberi pedu. Simba redu riri mukugona kwedu kudzikisa kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemhuka nekudzidzisa vanhu nekuvatungamira munzira yekubvisa zvigadzirwa izvi kubva mukushandisa.
Neraki, tiri kuona kukura uye kuwanda kwemasangano nemapoka evaratidziri munyika yedu nepasirese vanosimudzira pfungwa yeveganism nemararamiro evegan, pamwe nekuwedzera kwenhamba yemapoka ezvitendero uye emweya anokurudzira zvakafanana. pfungwa yetsitsi. Izvi zvinozoita kuti uenderere mberi.
Pfungwa yeAhimsa uye veganism ine simba rakanyanya nekuti inopindirana nechinhu chedu chaicho, chinova chishuwo chekuda, kugadzira, kunzwa uye tsitsi. Donald Watson nemamwe mapiyona vakadyara mhodzi mukatikati meiyo isingachashandiswi yepamutemo pfungwa inopinza nekusunga nzanga yedu uye inoparadza hupenyu paPlaneti.
Kana mumwe nomumwe wedu akadiridza idzi mbeu dzakadyarwa, uye odyarawo yedu, ipapo bindu rose retsitsi richakura, iro richaparadza zvisingadzivisiki maketani ehutsinye nehuranda hwakaiswa matiri. Vanhu vachanzwisisa kuti sezvatakaita mhuka muuranda, takazviita varanda isu pachedu.
Kuchinja kwevegan - shanduko yekodzero dzemhuka - yakazvarwa mazana emakore apfuura. Tiri kupinda muchikamu chekupedzisira chekushandiswa kwayo, uku ndiko kumukira kwekunaka, mufaro, kukunda kwekugadzira, uye inoda mumwe nemumwe wedu! Saka joina iyi yakanakisa mishoni yekare uye pamwechete isu tichashandura nzanga yedu.
Nekusunungura mhuka, tichazvisunungura, uye togonesa Nyika kuporesa maronda ayo nekuda kwevana vedu uye nevana vezvisikwa zvese zvinogara pairi. Kudhonza kweramangwana kune simba kudarika kukweva kwekare. Ramangwana richange riri vegan! "