Maitiro ekutora chikwereti nechikwereti chakashata muna 2022

Mabhangi, maMicrofinance organisation (MFIs) uye makambani echikwereti haafanirwe kutsanangurira vatengi kuti nei chikwereti chakanyimwa. Asi iwe unogona kazhinji kunzwa kubva kumamaneja: "Une nhoroondo yakaipa yechikwereti." Zvino munhu anoda mari anowira mugomba.

Zvichida haana kumbotora zvikwereti kubva kuchikoro ichi, asi munhu wose anoziva nezvake. Kana kuti akagamuchira zvikwereti, akabhadharwa panguva isiri iyo, uye zvakasvika kune izvi. Kukanganisa kwemari kwekare hakusi mutsara. Isu tichakuudza pamwe chete nenyanzvi maitiro ekutora chikwereti chine nhoroondo yakaipa yechikwereti muna 2022 mune yedu nhanho-nhanho gwara revaverengi.

Chii chinonzi nhoroondo yechikwereti

Nhoroondo yechikwereti (CI) seti yedata ine ruzivo nezve zvese zvakambopihwa zvikwereti uye zvikwereti zvazvino zvemunhu. Iyo data inochengetwa muhofisi yenhoroondo dzekiredhiti - BKI. Ruzivo rwuri mavari runofanira kufambiswa nemabhangi ese, MFIs uye zvikwereti cooperatives.

Chikwereti Nhoroondo Act¹ Yange ichishanda kubva muna 2004, asi inogara ichiwedzerwa nekunatswa. Vanoita kuti zvive nyore kune vanhu nemabhangi. Izvo hazvishamisi, sezvo zvikwereti zvakawanda uye zvakawanda zviri kutorwa. Zvakakosha kuti masangano ezvemari aongorore zvakajeka mufananidzo wemukwereti kuitira kuti anzwisise kukweretesa kana kuramba. Uye vanhu vane rudzi rwegwaro rako raunogona kuongorora zvikwereti zvako.

Zvinyorwa muBCI zvinochengetwa kwemakore manomwe - kune imwe neimwe yekutengesa kwekwereti uye kubva panguva yekuchinja kwayo kwekupedzisira. Ngatifungei kuti wakapedzisira kutora chikwereti muna 2014, ukabhadhara chikwereti chako kwemwedzi yakati wandei, uye muna 2022 wakadzoka kuzotora chikwereti. Mukweretesi achatarisa nhoroondo yako yechikwereti asi hapana chaanoona. Izvi zvinoreva kuti haazokwanisi kuvimba nenhoroondo yechikwereti uye achafanira kuita sarudzo zvichienderana nezvimwe zvinhu.

Mumwe muenzaniso: munhu akatora chikwereti muna 2020 uye akabvumira kunonoka mubhadharo. Zvino muna 2021 ndakagamuchira imwe chikwereti. Muna 2022, akatendeukira kubhangi kune imwe nyowani. Akatumira chikumbiro kuBKI uye akaona mufananidzo unotevera: pakanga paine kunonoka, kuchine chikwereti chakasara. Sangano rezvemari rinogona kutora mhedziso pachayo: zvine ngozi kupa mari kune akakwereta akadaro.

Chikwereti chakashata inguva ine hukama. Iko hakuna yunifomu miyero uye mitemo yekuti ndiani anokwereta kune blacklist zvichibva pane data kubva kuBCI, uye ndeipi yekushanda nayo. Rimwe bhanga rinoona kuti mutengi waro angave akanonoka mukubhadhara, ane zvikwereti zvasara, asi haazvione sekuzvikoshera uye anotendera chikwereti. Imwe sangano rezvemari inogona kusafarira chokwadi chokuti munhu akambononoka kamwe chete, kunyange kana akazodzorera zvose.

Mamiriro ekutora chikwereti ane nhoroondo yakaipa yechikwereti

Nzira yekuwana chikwereti chine nhoroondo yakaipa yechikwereti nhanho nhanho

1. Tsvaga nhoroondo yako yechikwereti

Iwe unogona kukumbira nhoroondo yemahara yechikwereti mune imwe neimwe yeBCIs kaviri pagore online uye kamwe chete pagore - inobvisa papepa. Zvimwe zvikumbiro zvose zvichabhadharwa - inenge 600 rubles yebasa racho.

Kune masere makuru maBCI muNyika Yedu (heino runyorwa rwawo pawebhusaiti yeCentral Bank) uye mamwe mashoma madiki. Kuti uzive chaizvo kwakachengetwa nhoroondo yako, enda kune State Services webhusaiti. Mubhara rekutsvaga, nyora: "Ruzivo nezve kiredhiti bureaus", ipapo "Kune vanhu". 

Mukati mezuva - kazhinji mumaawa mashoma - mhinduro ichabva kuCentral Bank. Inonyora ma bureaus anochengeta nhoroondo yako yechikwereti, avo vanobatika uye chinongedzo kune saiti. Zvinoita seizvi:

Enda kumasaiti, nyoresa uye ipapo unogona kukumbira chirevo. Iri igwaro rakakura - iyo yakareba uye yakapfuma nhoroondo yechikwereti, iyo inonyanya kukosha. Chaizvo chirevo chimwe chete pamusoro peanogona kukwereta chinogamuchirwa nemasangano ezvemari kana chikumbiro chechikwereti chagamuchirwa.

Aya ndiwo maratidziro akaita rondedzero yenhoroondo yechikwereti yeUnited Credit Bureau:

Iyo dhizaini inogona kusiyana, asi hunhu hwakafanana kune wese munhu.

Nhoroondo yechikwereti inoratidza kuti mutengi akabhadhara sei mumakore manomwe apfuura, kana paine kunonoka, mumwedzi upi uye kwenguva yakareba sei.

2. Tarisa chikwereti chako

Kuti zvive nyore kuti mabhanga aite sarudzo, munhu wega wega anorekodhwa muhofisi yechikwereti anopihwa zvibodzwa. Inonzi Individual Credit Rating (ICR). Yakayerwa kubva pa1 kusvika ku999 mapoinzi. Ikozvino chiyero chakabatana, kunyangwe maBCI apfuura aigona kushandisa yavo yekuongorora system. Iyo yakawanda mapoinzi, inokwezva zvakanyanya mukwereti kumabhangi.

Chiyero chechikwereti muna 2022 chinogona kutariswa mahara nhamba isina muganho yenguva. Izvi ndizvo zvinoita chirevo chechikwereti cheUnited Credit Bureau.

Chiyero ikozvino chave chichiperekedzwa neinosungirwa graphical kujeka. Ndiko kuti, vanoita girafu kana, semumienzaniso, rudzi rwekumhanyisa mota ine fungidziro. Red zone - zvinoreva yakaderera kiredhiti mamakisi uye yakaipa nhoroondo yechikwereti. Yero - pakati zviratidzo. Green uye diki diki girini zone zvinoreva kuti zvese zvakanaka uye zvakanakisa.

Kana chiyero chako chiri munzvimbo dzvuku, zvinoreva kuti nhoroondo yako yechikwereti yakashata uye hazvizove nyore kuwana chikwereti.

INOKOSHA

Pane zvikanganiso muchikwereti chekwereti uye munhoroondo yechikwereti. Ruzivo rusina kururama pamusoro pezvikwereti uye hutsotsi, zvikumbiro kumabhangi zvausina kuita. Dzimwe nguva kusarurama kunogona kuvhara mufananidzo wemukwereti. Unogona kubvisa ruzivo rwusina kururama. Kuti uite izvi, muna 2022 zvakakodzera kuonana nebhangi rakaita kusarongeka, kana kiredhiti bureau zvakananga. Mumazuva gumi vanofanira kupindura. Zvinoitika kuti BKI haibvumi kuti kukanganisa kwakaitwa. Ipapo munhu ane kodzero yekuenda kumatare edzimhosva.

3. Nyorera chikwereti

Gweta uye nyanzvi yezano rekambani "Financial and Legal Alliance" Alexey Sorokin inotaura nezve imwe neimwe yesarudzo dzechikwereti uye inoongorora kubudirira kwayo kune vanhu vane nhoroondo yakaipa yechikwereti.

Banks

Mukana wekutora chikwereti: wakaderera

Sangano guru rezvemari haringaiti njodzi uye rinopa mari kune anokwereta asina kutendeseka. Kunyanya avo vane kunonoka kwakazaruka panguva yekunyorera.

Zano: kana iwe uchiri kufunga kutanga nemabhangi, saka usatumire zvikumbiro kune vese kamwechete. Zvikumbiro zvinoratidzwa muBCI. Mabhangi achaona kuti zvikumbiro zvakakura zvakagamuchirwa ipapo - ichi hachisi chiratidzo chakanaka kwavari. Sarudza 1-2 mabhanga akawanda akavimbika. Zvichida kune kwawakambotora chikwereti kana kuti une account yakavhurwa. Mirira mhinduro kubva kwavari. Kana ukaramba, shandisa kune mamwe mabhanga.

Wakatenderwa here? Usavimba nematemu akanaka. Mubereko uchave wakakwira, uye nguva yekubhadhara ichave shoma.

Chikwereti chevatengi cooperatives (CPC)

Mukana wekuwana chikwereti: pakati

Macooperatives akarongwa sezvizvi: vagovani vanopa mari yavo kuhomwe imwechete. Kubva pairi, vamwe vagovani vanogona kutora zvikwereti kune zvavanoda. Kare (muUSSR uye Tsarist Nyika Yedu), chete nhengo dzenharaunda, boka rimwe chete, rakava vagovani. Iye zvino chirongwa chimwechete chinoshandiswa kune zvimwe zvinangwa. Semuyenzaniso, kugamuchira mari kubva kuvanhu uye nekupa zvikwereti.

Inoshanda seizvi: mukwereti anouya kuPDA uye anoti anoda kuwana chikwereti. Anopihwa kuti ave shareholder. Kazhinji, zvemahara. Iye zvino zvaave nhengo yemushandirapamwe, anogona kushandisa mari yake. Asi maererano nezvakaita mubhangi - ndiko kuti, kubhadhara chikwereti nemubereko.

Iva wakangwarira paunobata CCP. Sangano risina kutendeseka rinogona kushanda pasi pechiratidzo ichi. Tarisa zita racho murejista yeCentral Bank² Kana hongu, saka zvese zviri pamutemo. Mumacooperatives, chikamu chakakwira kupfuura mumabhangi, asi chakavimbika kune vanhu vane nhoroondo yakaipa yechikwereti.

Microfinance masangano (MFIs)

Mukana wekutora chikwereti: pamusoro peavhareji

Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, masangano aya anonzi "mari inokurumidza". Ivo vakavimbika kune vazhinji vanokwereta, asi chakashata ndechekuti mari yacho inopihwa mubereko huru (kusvika ku365% pagore, hazvichagoneke, sezvakasarudza Central Bank.³) Nhau dzakanaka kune vanhu vane chikwereti chakaipa ndechokuti MFIs inorambwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakanaka chete. Somuenzaniso, kana mukwereti akaramba kuratidza pasipoti. Yakashata nhoroondo yechikwereti haina kunyanya kukosha kwavari.

pawnshop

Mukana wekuwana chikwereti: yakakwirira

Pawnshops kazhinji haidi nhoroondo yechikwereti, sezvo vachitora chimwe chinhu chemunhu sechibatiso. Kazhinji kazhinji, zvishongo, midziyo, motokari.

4. Tsvaka dzimwe nzira

Kana chikwereti chikanyimwa nekuda kwechikwereti chakashata, ziva dzimwe nzira dzekuwana mari.

Kadhi rechikwereti. Bhengi inogona kusabvumirana nechikwereti, asi bvumidza kadhi rechikwereti. Iwe ucharangwa mukubhadhara chikwereti pairi uye nekuvandudza nhoroondo yako yechikwereti.

Overdraft. Iyi sevhisi yakabatana nemakadhi ekubhengi, kureva, makadhi ebhangi akajairwa. Haasi ese mabhanga ane overdraft nzvimbo. Chinokosha chayo: kukwanisa kuenda kudarika muganhu wemari paakaunti. Kureva kuti chiyero chichava chisina kunaka. Semuenzaniso, 100 rubles aive pakadhi, iwe wakatenga kutenga 3000 rubles uye ikozvino chiyero -2900 rubles. Mari yakawandisa, semakadhi echikwereti, ine mubereko wakakwira. Inofanira kubhadharwa mukati menguva pfupi, kazhinji mukati memwedzi.

Refinancing yezvikwereti zvekare. Dzimwe nguva nhoroondo yakaipa yechikwereti inova yakaipa kwete nekuda kwenhamba yehutsotsi, asi nekuti munhu ane chikwereti chakawandisa. Sangano rezvemari rinogona kungotya kuti mutengi haazodhonza imwe chikwereti. Ipapo zvine musoro kutora mari yekudzosera zvikwereti, kuvhara zvikwereti mune mamwe mabhanga pamberi pechirongwa uye kugara nechikwereti chimwe.

5. Bvumiranai nemamiriro ose emabhangi

Kutsiva nhoroondo yakaipa yechikwereti inogona:

• co-kukwereta uye guarantors.  Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti ivo vane zvese zvakarongeka nenhoroondo yechikwereti uye vanhu vanobvumirana kuvhara chikwereti kana ukatadza;
• kuvandudza mukurumbira uye zvirongwa zvekuvandudza nhoroondo yechikwereti. Hakuna kwese kwese. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti mutengi anotora chikwereti kubva kubhangi pazvimiro zvisina kunaka. Nekubhadhara kwakakomba, kwenguva pfupi. Asi mari shoma. Kana chikwereti ichi chavharwa, bhangi rinovimbisa kuva rakavimbika kwauri uye rinobvumira chikwereti chikuru;
• bail. Mabhangi ane kodzero yekugamuchira real estate - dzimba, dzimba, dzimba dzenyika - sechibatiso. Kana mukwereti asingakwanisi kubhadhara, chinhu chacho chichatengeswa;
• Mamwe masevhisi. Bhengi inogona kuseta zvirevo zvechikwereti: unotanga kadhi yemuhoro nayo, vhura dhipoziti, batanidza mamwe masevhisi. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa inshuwarisi: hupenyu, hutano, kubva pakudzingwa. Iwe uchafanirwa kubhadhara kune izvi, zvimwe kubva pamari yakapihwa nechikwereti.

6. Kubhuroka maitiro

Kana vakasapa zvikwereti zvachose uye pasina nzira yekubata neyekare, unogona kuenda nenzira yekubhuroka. Chokwadi, kwemakore mashanu anotevera, paunenge uchinyorera zvikwereti, uchafanirwa kuzivisa mabhanga nemamwe masangano emari kuti wabhuroka. Nechokwadi chakadaro mubiography, zvakaoma kuwana chikwereti. Asi zvimwe zvikwereti zvichanyorwa, uye panguva ino nhoroondo yechikwereti inenge yapera zvachose kubva kuBCI - izvi zvinogona kuonekwa sekutanga kwehupenyu kubva pakutanga.

Mazano enyanzvi pakuwana chikwereti nechikwereti chakaipa

Nyanzvi inyanzvi ye "Financial and Legal Alliance" Alexey Sorokin inonyora zvekudzivisa, kana zvichibvira, mumamiriro ezvinhu apo unoda kuwana chikwereti chine nhoroondo yakaipa yechikwereti.

• Tora imwe chikwereti kuvhara kunonoka neimwe nzira. Mamiriro matsva ebhangi kana MFI anogona kunge asina kunaka. Mukuwedzera, mutoro wechikwereti unoramba uripo.
• Enda kuMFI. Mutengo uyu 365% pagore, faindi dzakakura kunyangwe kunonoka kudiki, makomisheni emasevhisi ese. Uyu musungo wechikwereti usiri nyore kubuda mauri.
• Tora zvikwereti online. Muchokwadi, aya ndiwo maMFIs akafanana. Asi njodzi yekuburitsa data rako pachako yakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, kune masaiti ehutsotsi: vanogashira ma scans ako emagwaro, siginecha samples, uye navo vanototora chikwereti pachinzvimbo chako.
• Bata nevamiriri. Vanopa kutora chikwereti chakakura kuti vavhare zvakapfuura. Vanobhadharisa chikamu chezana chesevhisi yavo. Ivo havanyarise magwaro ekunyepera ayo anonzi anosimbisa mari yemukwereti zvinoenderana negwaro rebhangi uye 2-yemunhu mutero wemuhoro. Hapana anogona "kutaurirana" nebhangi, kunze kwako: vatsigiri venhoroondo yakaipa yechikwereti havazobatsiri. Svetuka zvakapfuura ads zvinovimbisa kubvisa CI.

Anton Rogachevsky, mushandi wenzvimbo yekuongorora yeSynergy University, nyanzvi mune zvebhangi, akagoverawo mazano ake.

- Mabhangi anogona kukutarisa semukwereti zvakati wedzere kutendeka kana uri mutengi wekare uye usati wambotyorwa zvakanyanya.

Kutaura nezve mamiriro asina tariro, isu tinofanirwa kutaura zvikamu zvemhando yechikwereti⁴. Ichi chiratidzo chinoudza bhangi dhigirii rechikwereti njodzi pachikwereti. Kana chikwereti chiri muchikamu cheV chehutano uye chichizivikanwa sechakaipa, ndiko kuti, iwe hauna kudzosera zvachose uye haugoni kuzviita, zvichida mune ramangwana rinoonekwa, iwe haugone kuwana chikwereti chero kupi zvako. Nechikamu IV, unogona kuvandudza chiyero chako nekuratidza chirango chekubhadhara uye nekuwedzera chikamu chako chemari.

Munhu ane chikwereti chakashata kazhinji kazhinji anofanira kubata nokurambwa. Pane nzira dzakawanda kwauri:

• tumira nemaune zvikumbiro kumabhangi tichitarisira kuti vamwe vachange vakavimbika panyaya iyi;
• shandisa kune MFIs inosunungura dzimwe pfungwa dzisina kunaka pamabhureki;
• taura nevemari vega.

Nhoroondo yechikwereti inogona kugadziriswa, asi maitiro haakurumidzi. Paavhareji, zvinotora inokwana mwedzi 6-12 kuti uvandudze nhoroondo yako yechikwereti. Munguva iyi, iwe unofanirwa kutarisa pakubhadhara kurangwa kune zvimwe zvikwereti zvako. Unogona kutora zvikwereti zvidiki kana zvidimbu kutenga midziyo yemumba, mafoni, zvichingodaro. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kumira nguva yose yekubhadhara, uye kwete kudzima mberi kwepurogiramu. Kunyangwe ikabuda ichidhura zvishoma, ichavandudza zvakanyanya kiredhiti yako semukwereti.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

mhinduro Anton Rogachevsky, mushandi weAnalytical Center yeYunivhesiti "Synergy", nyanzvi mumunda webhangi.

Zvitubu zve

1. http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_51043/
2. https://www.cbr.ru/search/?text=государственный+реестр+кредитных+потребительских+кооперативов
3. https://www.cbr.ru/microfinance/
4. https://base.garant.ru/584458/1cafb24d049dcd1e7707a22d98e9858f/
5. https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/editions/vesti/399583/12/