Mukati
Imwe yehowa inonyanya kusvikirika kana kuberekesa kurikukura howa munyika - nekuda kweizvi iwe unongoda kutarisa musango kune chigutsa chakakodzera kana chidimbu chemuti wemuti wakawa nemupfumi mycelium uye uende nayo kunzvimbo yako. Uyezve, zvinokwanisika kukura zvose matsutso uye chando kana zhizha howa munyika. Imwe nzira inorwadza ndeyekurima howa kumba mukamuri rakagadzirirwa izvi.
Tekinoroji yekukura howa munyika uye mubindu pane stumps (ine vhidhiyo)
zhizha uchi agaric (Kuehneromyces mutabilis) inozivikanwa kwazvo nevagari veNyika Yedu. Ndeupi anonhonga howa asati aona kuwanda kwemiviri midiki ine michero ine makumbo matete pazvigutsa? Makapu anodyiwa uye anonaka. Howa hushoma hunokwanisa kupa goho repamusoro pamatanda sehowa hwezhizha.
Zhizha howa rinotanga kubereka michero pabirch matanda gore mushure mekudyara. Mycelium overwinter zvakanaka mumatanda. Zvibereko mumamiriro ekunyorova kwepamusoro. Panguva yekurima, inoshandura huni hwehuni kuita mycowood, iyo ine thermal insulation properties.
Nzira yekukura howa howa kumashure? Nzira iri nyore yekurima howa mubindu kuunza huni dzakafa, zvidimbu zvematanda kana zvigutsa kubva musango panomera howa uhu. Pasi pemamiriro ekudiridza nguva dzose panguva yakaoma, zhizha uchi agaric inopa mafungu akawanda e fruiting pahuni hwakaunzwa.
Pamatanda akadyarwa muna 2005 uye hafu yakacherwa mukati, howa hunokura pedyo nevhu. Howa hwezhizha hunoda zvitsiga zvakasakara uye matavi.
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Kuti uwane goho rakawanda paunenge uchikura howa pazvitunha, zvinodikanwa kugadzira gomba rakavharwa pazasi pezinga repasi - zvekuti migumo yepamusoro yematanda yakacherwa ipapo nechetatu chezvidimbu zvematanda ane howa dzezhizha hazvisviki padenga ne20. -30 cm. Chivharo chacho chakanyatsogadzirwa kubva kumapuranga ane anenge asina slots uye anoiisa pazvidhinha.
Howa hunogarawo pazvidimbu zvekare zvematanda paimera howa hweshiitake. Mumamiriro ekunze edu akaoma, howa hwemusango hwakaita sehuchi agaric uye deer scourge vari kubvisa shiitake kubva muhuni substrate. Sezviri pachena, izvi zvinotsanangura kusavapo kwayo mumasango edu.
Plyutei deer (Pluteus cervinus) uye autumn line (Gyromitra esqulenta) inomerawo pahuni dzakasakara uye pazvigutsa.
Mubindu pane chumps, unogona zvakare kubereka yechando uchi agarics. Winter honey agaric (Flammulina velutipes) howa hunodyiwa, hunonaka uye hunorapa. Inogona kunyange kudyiwa iri mbishi. Inokura nyore pazvidimbu zvemikonachando, pazvigutsa zvewillow. Zvinokwanisikawo kurima howa pabirch matanda. Mitumbi yemichero inoumbwa kwete chete pamakwati ematanda, asiwo pabutt. Inobereka muchero mukupera kwematsutso uye kunyange munguva yechando apo tembiricha yakanaka inoitika panguva yekunyungudika. Kune zviitiko zvinozivikanwa zve fruiting paEvha Idzva Idzva pasi pechando. Pasi pemaikorosikopu, unogona kuona kuti chando, kuputika mycelial masero echando fungus anotanga sei kukura pamwe chete kana tembiricha yakwira pamusoro pe zero.
Kukura autumn howa kubva mycelium pane stumps
autumn uchi agaric (armillaria mellea) yakaoma kukura pachitsiga chakasiyana, asi inogona kugadzikana yega mumunda webindu pane birch stumps uye kunyange pamiti yemapuro isina simba. Kukura howa pazvitunha zvinogonekawo mumunda webindu rine huwandu hwemvura yepasi. Kana kusimudzira minda yebindu, makwenzi nemiti zvinotemwa panzvimbo yaimbova makwenzi uye masango akaderera, uye midzi yemiti yakatemwa inoramba iri pasi pevhu. Autumn honey agaric masters aya masara ane mycelium uye anokura paari, achikambaira kubva pasi.
Nzira yekukura sei howa kubva ku mycelium munyika? Kuberekera mumapindu ehowa hwematsutso kunodziviswa nekusada kudzika midzi pachigutsa chakasiyana. Paunenge uchikura howa kubva ku mycelium pamakumbo, mycelium inotanga kukudziridza huni hwehundi, asi izvi zvose zvichapera. Haizobereki zvibereko kusvikira yatora nzvimbo yakakura. Autumn howa inofarira kugadzira munda pazvitunha zvakawanda nemiti kamwechete, ichivatora nerubatsiro rwehurefu uye gobvu rhizomorphs ye mycelium yayo. Tambo dzayo dzemycelium (rhizomorphs) dzinopenya murima. Asi kuti uone chiitiko ichi, unofanirwa kudzidzira maziso ako kune rima kweinopfuura awa.
Panewo fungidziro yekuti inogona kugara pamiti yebindu separasite. Nokudaro, hazvidiwi kubindu. Asi pano zvishoma zvinoenderana nesu. Kurima howa munyika uye mubindu hazvisi nyore, asi kana howa hwakagara hwega, haugone kuparadzwa. Nokudaro, hapana chakasara kunze kwekuunganidza, munyu kana fry. Howa hwematsutso mbishi hunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana mudumbu. Kunyangwe nekutonhora kunyura, pamwe nehowa hwemukaka kana mamwe mukaka wemukaka usingade kufashaira, matsutso mahowa anofanira kutanga abikwa kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu kuti arege kuve nechepfu. Yakabikwa uye yakaomeswa autumn howa haina chepfu zvachose.
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Iwe unogona kuedza kugadzira munda wematanda akacherwa muvhu kuti akure matsutso howa. Pamunda webindu munharaunda yeSolnechnogorsk yenharaunda yeMoscow, sango rinosvika pedyo nemunda webindu. Pedyo nenzvimbo pane zvitunha izvo autumn howa inokura gore rega rega. Iwe unogona kuchera muvhu imwe nehafu yemamita zvidimbu zvematanda kubva kuspruce zvakaparadzwa nebark beetle. Rongedza kudiridza kwekudonha kwematanda aya uye kumirira kuti howa hwematsutso hutore matanda edu.
Kuti inyatso kunyorovesa matanda pamwe chete neaxis, gomba 2 cm muhupamhi uye 60 cm kudzika rakadhindwa pakati pegomba, uye cylindrical cavities yakasarudzwa muchikamu chepamusoro vachishandisa mutemi wehuni, vachitamba basa remafunnel ekuzadza mvura. . Mvura inokwanisa kudirwa kubva mupoto kana kushandisa drip irrigation system. Mvura inopihwa kubva mudhiramu kuburikidza nesilicone machubhu uye inodonha kubva musirinji inoraswa.
Ephedra yakanyoroveswa kwenguva yakareba nekuda kwekuvapo kwe resin. Pakutanga kunyorova, huni husina kuora hunonyoroveswa zvishoma nezvishoma - inenge vhiki. Mvura inopinda mudanda rakanyorova kana rakaora nekukasira.
Vhidhiyo inonzi “Kurima howa” inoratidza mapfuyerwo ehowa uhwu munyika:
Nzira yekukura howa kubva mycelium kumba
Nheyo ye substrate yekukura howa zvakare kumba ndeye husk kubva kumbeu yesunflower kana sawdust yehuni yakaoma kana yakaoma pine board.
Mitumbi inobereka yehowa yechando ine hunyanzvi hwakasiyana hwekusundira ngowani dzayo munzvimbo yemhepo yakachena nerubatsiro rwemakumbo marefu. Iyi pfuma inoita kuti zvikwanise kurerutsa kuunganidzwa kwemitumbi yefruiting nekukura howa yechando muhombodo yakakwira, umo chikamu chayo chepasi chete chakazadzwa ne substrate.
Nzira yekurima howa kumba kuti uwane goho rakanaka? Kuti uite izvi, tora bhegi re polypropylene sleeve 25,5 cm yakafara uye 28 cm kureba. Isa 2 malita e substrate mairi. Iwe uchawana pasuru ine dhayamita 16 cm, kureba kwe28 cm uye vhoriyamu ye5 malita, iyo 3 malita ndiyo nzvimbo yemahara pamusoro pe substrate.
Kuti ugadzire imwe substrate block ine huwandu hwemarita maviri, tora 2 g yehusiki yakaoma yesunflower kana 230 g ye sawdust yakaoma. Wedzera 200 g yezviyo (oats kana bhari). Wedzera teaspoon yechoko kana lime upfu - CaCO70 kune musanganiswa. Wedzera mvura yakachena kune substrate muhuwandu hwakadaro zvokuti huremu hunova 3 g. Sakanidza substrate uye uiise muzasi kwebhegi.
Mushure meizvozvo, iyo substrate mumabhegi inofanirwa kuomeswa mu autoclave kwemaawa 1,5 kana pasteurized nefractional pasteurization. Mapulagi edonje anofanirwa kuputirwa mualuminium foil uye sterilized kuitira kuti asanyorove.
Mushure mokutonhora mabhegi ne substrate nemaoko ako, kanya mycelium yezviyo zvechando uchi agaric. Maoko, tafura uye imba yacho pachayo inofanira kunge yakachena! Vhura mutsipa webhegi uye usasa mycelium pamusoro pe substrate (punipuni isina slide). Gadzira mycelium uye substrate mubhegi nechipunu kana maoko. Isa chivharo che 3 cm chakagadzirwa neshinda yedonje yakasvibiswa muchikamu chepamusoro chemutsipa webhegi. Simbisa mutsipa webhegi kumativi echivharo ne twine.
Kuti uite incubation paunenge uchikura mushroom mycelium mu substrate, isa mabhegi pamasherufu pane tembiricha ye +12. ..+20 °С. Panguva ino yekukura kwe mycelium, humidity yemhepo haina basa. Kuburikidza nefirimu yepakiti, unogona kuona kuti mycelium inokura sei kubva muzviyo ne mycelium. Mushure memazuva makumi matatu, iyo substrate block inogona kunzi yakagadzirira fruiting. Ichaita denser uye kureruka. Zviduku zviduku zvichaonekwa pamusoro payo - rudiments yemitumbi ye fruiting. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuendesa zvivharo kunzvimbo yeramangwana ravo fruiting zvakanyatsonaka, pasina kubvisa plug yekotoni, kuedza kusakuvadza pamusoro pechivharo.
Kuti howa huoneke, ingobvisa cork mubhegi wosiya bhegi rakashama. Iyo yepamusoro isina chinhu chikamu chebhegi ichaita basa re "collar", umo zvivharo zvemichero yemichero yechando huchi agaric ichatambanudzira kumusoro kubva kunzvimbo yepamusoro ye carbon dioxide concentration kusvika kumhepo. Vanononga howa mushure mekunge kepisi dzavo dzabuda mubhegi, uye makumbo oita sepasita yazadza pamusoro, isina chinhu chikamu chebhegi. Howa hunochekwa pamwe chete nemakumbo, ayo akasungwa neshinda senge maruva emaruva. Zvose zvivharo nemakumbo zvinodyiwa.