Mukati
Iyo mhete yehowa ndeyechikamu chevasingazivikanwe, asi nguva pfupi yadarika yanga ichinyanya kudiwa pakati pevanotora howa. Inobatsira mukuzivikanwa kwezvipembenene uye tekinoroji inoshanda yekurima kwavo. Uyezve, nekukurumidza iwe unotanga kuunganidza ringlets, iyo inonaka uye inonhuhwirira ndiro dzakagadzirirwa kubva kwavari dzichava. Howa hudiki hunonyanya kubikwa, uye howa dzakakura zvakanyanya kubikwa.
Mufananidzo uye tsananguro yemhete
Parizvino, marudzi maviri ezvipembenene zvinodyiwa anorimwa. Aya ndiwo makuru agaric howa. Mhando dzezvipembenene zvakasiyana mukuwanda. Hombe Gartenriese, diki Winnetou.
Koltsevik (Stropharia rugoso-annulata) inomera pamachipisi, paivhu rakavhenganiswa nehuswa, kana kuti pamashanga akafukidzwa nevhu. Inogonawo kukura pachampignon compost, asi kuti iite zvakanaka, manyowa anofanira kusanganiswa nesawdust, uswa kana huni machipisi muchiyero che1: 1.
Michero yemichero yakakura, ine chivharo dhayamita ye50 kusvika 300 mm uye uremu hwe50 kusvika 200 g. Panguva yekubuda kwayo kubva pasi pesango kana kubva pamubhedha mubindu, chipembenene chine chivharo chebrown chinenge chakatenderedza uye gumbo jena gobvu rinofanana nehowa yeporcini. Zvisinei, kusiyana neporcini fungus, ringworm ndeye agaric howa. Zvadaro, iyo cap inowana yakareruka, zvidhinha ruvara, mipendero yayo yakakotama pasi. Mahwendefa acho anotanga machena, ozoita ruvara rwepepuru uye pakupedzisira ruvara rwepepuru.
Sezvauri kuona mumufananidzo, ringer ine gobvu, kunyange gumbo, kukora kusvika pachigadziko:
Mucheto wechivharo wakakombama uye une chifukidziro chakakora chemembranous, chinobvaruka kana howa hwaibva uye hunoramba huri muchimiro chemhete padzinde. Zvisaririra zvemubhedha zvinowanzoramba zviri paheti nenzira yezviyero zviduku.
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Saka, iwe waverenga tsananguro yehowa yegonye, asi inonaka sei? Howa uhu hunonhuwirira chaizvo. Kunyanya kunaka heti dzakatenderedza dzechidiki ringworm, dzakaunganidzwa pakarepo mushure mekuonekwa kubva mubindu. Mangwanani, akanyoroveswa uye akaomeswa, anonyatso kutaridzika sekepi yediki porcini howa kana boletus. Iko kuravira kunoyeuchidzawo howa dzakanaka, asi pane zvimwe zvinhu. Iko kuravira kwemakapu ehowa yakabikwa, asi ine zvishoma zvishoma zvematato akabikwa. Nekudaro, ivo vakanyatsokodzera appetizers, pamwe nesoups. Kukohwewa kwechando, howa mhete dzechidiki dzinogona kuomeswa kana kuomeswa. Round heti hadzinamatire pamwe chete kana dzakaomeswa nechando, dzinogona kuchengetwa dzakaomeswa muzhinji, hadziputsi. Usati waoma, zviri nani kucheka ngowani mu 2-4 mahwendefa, zvino ivo vanotaridzika vakanaka musobho.
Zvinokurudzirwa kuti usaunza kukura kwehowa kuchikamu chekukura kwehupenyu, apo mavharoti anova flat uye mahwendefa anoshanduka ruvara rwepepuru. Overgrown ringlets zvishoma zvinonaka. Asi kana iwe usina nguva yekuunganidza howa nenguva, zvino shandisa zvakakangwa nehanyanisi uye mbatatisi.
Iyo tekinoroji yekukura zvipembenene mumabhedha
Nzvimbo yekukura ringworm howa inofanira kuvhenekerwa zvakakwana muchirimo uye matsutso, uye muzhizha, pane kudaro, inofanira kudzivirirwa kubva kuzuva rakananga. Iwe unogona kudyara howa pamwe chete nemanhanga, izvo zvinogadzira yakanaka microclimate nemashizha awo: inopa hunyoro uye shading inodiwa.
Mhedzisiro yakanakisa inowanikwa pane nyowani hardwood chips. Fresh huni machipisi ane hunyoro hwakakwana uye haadi chero yekuwedzera kugadzirisa. Softwood uye oak chips, pine uye spruce tsono zvinogona kushandiswa chete sekuwedzera (kwete kupfuura 50% yehuremu hwose). Machipisi kubva kumatavi akakomberedzwa muchimiro chemubhedha 30-40 cm gobvu, 140 cm yakafara uye inodiridza. Kana huni huni hwakaoma, mubhedha unodiridzwa kwemazuva akawanda mangwanani uye manheru. Substrate mycelium inowedzerwa kumachipisi pachiyero che 1 kg pa 1 m2 yemabhedha. Mycelium inowedzerwa kudzika kusvika pakadzika masendimita mashanu muzvikamu zvehukuru hwewalnut. Dzimwe nguva substrate yakakura zvakanaka inoshandiswa se mycelium. Mutsara wevhu rakajairika rebindu (inofukidza ivhu) inodururwa pamusoro pemibhedha. Munguva dzakaoma, ivhu rekuvhara rinonyoroveswa zuva nezuva.
Pakukura kwegonye, uswa hwegorosi hunogona kushandiswa se substrate. Inonyudzwa kwezuva mumudziyo pasi pekumanikidzwa. Zvadaro vanoiswa munzvimbo dzine shaded muchimiro chemitsetse yakaderera 20-30 cm gobvu uye 100-140 cm yakafara. 1-2 kg yehuswa hwakaoma inodiwa pa25 m30 yezvikomo. Zvadaro substrate mycelium inowedzerwa kumashanga zvakare pamwero we 1 kg/m2.
Mumamiriro okunze anodziya (Chivabvu-Chikumi), iyo substrate fouls uye tambo refu (rhizomorphs) inoonekwa mumavhiki maviri-2.
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Mushure memavhiki masere-8, makoroni ezvipembenene mycelium anoonekwa pamusoro, uye mushure memavhiki gumi nemaviri mutsara unoramba uripo unoumbwa kubva kune substrate yakabatana ne mycelium. Mushure mekudzikisa tembiricha yemhepo yehusiku, yakawanda fruiting inotanga. Ringworm inoonekwa sehowa hwezhizha. Kupisa kwakakodzera pakati pemubhedha ndeye 9-12 ° C. Iyo mycelium yezvipembenene inokura nokukurumidza uye mushure memavhiki mashomanana rhizomorphs inoumbwa, iyo inobatsira pakuvandudzwa kwe substrate yose. Complete colonization ye substrate inotora 20-25 mavhiki. Iyo rudiments yemitumbi inobereka inoumbwa mushure memavhiki maviri-4 pamashanga uye mushure memavhiki mana-6 pamachipisi ehuni.
Mitumbi inobereka michero inoonekwa mumapoka. Howa hunoumba munzvimbo yekubatana pakati pemashanga nevhu. Ringworm rhizomorphs, kana yakura mumubhedha webindu, inogona kutambanudza kure kupfuura miganhu yayo (kwemakumi emamita) uye inogadzira miviri inobereka michero ipapo. Nekudaro, mafungu emuchero haana kufanana neaya echampignon. Kazhinji kuunganidza 3-4 mafungu. Imwe neimwe itsva wave inoonekwa mavhiki e2 mushure meiyo yapfuura. Unganidza howa nekavharo yakabvaruka kana ichangobva kubvaruka. Izvi zvinorebesa hupenyu hwesherufu yehowa. Kudiridza mibhedha kunodiwa kuwana howa hwemhando yepamusoro. Mitumbi inobereka yezvipembenene inenge isina kusimba uye haibvumiri kushanduka kubva kune imwe mudziyo kuenda kune imwe. Pamapuranga emapuranga ane ivhu rekuvhara, goho rinosvika 15% yehuwandu hwe substrate, pamashanga zvibereko zvishoma.
Substrate mycelium yekukura ringworms
Kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rapfuura, substrate mycelium yakashandiswa pakukura kwezvinomera zvefungi. Mukukura kwehowa, nzira ye "seeding" yemiti yehowa nerubatsiro rwe mycelium inonzi inoculation. Saka, champignon compost yakaiswa zvidimbu zvecompost yakatove nyanzvi champignon mycelium. Manyowa akadaro "mbeu" mycelium mumwe muenzaniso we substrate mycelium. Compost mycelium yakashandiswa kwete chete pakukura champignons, asiwo kune mamwe humus uye dzimwe nguva litter howa. Saka "akadyara" marudzi ose emapugnons, howa, maamburera uye kunyange mhete.
Pakuparadzirwa kwehuchi hwezhizha agaric, howa oyster uye mamwe fungi yemiti, substrate mycelium yakashandiswa yakavakirwa pasawdust, inogoneswa neinodiwa mycelium (sawdust mycelium). Pakurima howa pazvigutsa nepazvidimbu zvehuni, madhoweri emapuranga ane howa yemuti aitengeswa. Dowels dzakadaro dzinogonawo kunzi substrate mycelium. Dzichiri kugadzirwa kunze kwenyika.
Substrate mycelium ine inenge isina chikafu chakawandisa chefungi - chete mycelium yekuparadzira kwavo zvinomera. Nokudaro, inogona kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba pasina kurasikirwa kwehutano uye inogona kushandiswa kune isina-sterile substrate.
Sezvo tekinoroji yekurima howa yakavandudzwa, mafemu aigadzira mycelium akachinja kuita zviyo sekutakura mycelium. Mycelium yakagadzirwa pagorosi, bhari kana mapfunde inonzi zviyo. Zviyo mycelium inogadzirwa chete pazviyo zvakasimwa. Naizvozvo, nekushandiswa kwezviyo mycelium, zvinokwanisika kugadzira tekinoroji isina kusimba yekugadzirwa kwehowa, iyo inogonesa goho repamusoro pane sterilized substrate. Asi mukugadzirwa chaiko, pasteurized substrate inodyarwa nezviyo mycelium. Kubatsira kwezviyo mycelium pamusoro pe substrate mycelium ndiko kushandiswa kwayo kwehupfumi uye nyore kushandisa. Ne tekinoroji isina utachiona, unogona kuunza tsanga shoma dzemapira ne mycelium yefungus mubhegi re kilogram ine substrate uye howa huchakura nekupa goho rakanaka. Muchokwadi, mycelium yezviyo inowedzerwa kune substrate kubva pa1 kusvika ku5% nehuremu hweiyo yakapedzwa substrate. Izvi zvinowedzera kukosha kwekudya kwe substrate nekuda kwezviyo zve mycelium uye inokubvumira kukurumidza kuwedzera substrate.
Asi mashandisiro ezviyo mycelium ye "kudyara" fungus, senge ringworm, mumubhedha webindu usingabereki? Sezvazvinoitika, hazvisi nyore sezvazvinoratidzika. Nekudyara kwakadaro, zviumbwa zvinorwisa zviyo zvisingabereki zve mycelium, zviyo zvinoputirwa pakarepo nemashizha akasvibira mold, uye mycelium yezvipembenene inofa. Kuti uwane mugumisiro wakanaka, unofanira kutanga "dyara" sterile tsanga mycelium muhomwe ine sterile wood chip substrate, kumirira kusvikira ringworm mycelium ichikura ipapo, uye chete wozoshandisa se substrate mycelium yekudyara mibhedha.
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Chopper yekukura ringworms
Chirimwa chikuru chehowa yemiti inogona kuwanikwa chete pamibhedha kana pane yakasununguka substrate mumabhegi epurasitiki, asi kwete pazvidimbu zvehuni. Iyo substrate inofanirwa kuve yakanyorova, ine hutano uye yakasununguka kuitira kuti ive neokisijeni yakakwana inodiwa pakukura kwefungi. Zvose izvi zvinodiwa zvinosangana ne substrate yematavi matsva evhu.
Machipisi ehuni anogona kutsiva mashanga pakurima howa weoyster, shiitake nehumwe howa hwemuti. Asi chinhu chikuru chaunoda kutenga grinder ndechekugadzira substrate yemabhedha ane mhete. Mapazi matsva ane mashizha, uye zvichida asina mashizha, inzvimbo yakagadzirira-yakagadzirirwa ine hunyoro hwehuwandu hwe50%, iyo haifaniri kunge yakanyoroveswa. Matavi emiti nemakwenzi ane chikafu chakakwana chinodiwa pakuvandudza fungal mycelium.
Chero shredder yebindu ine mapanga inodiwa. Pamwe chete nechopper, ndinokurudzira kutenga mapanga ekutsiva. Vanoda kugadzirisa matavi matsva chete. Ipapo iwe unowana machipisi ehukuru hwakakodzera, uye grinder pachayo ichagara kwenguva yakareba. Mamodheru ane magiya anogona zvakare kushandiswa, asi iwo haaburitse yakakwana mhepo inopindika substrate. Mabhishi madiki anosvika 4 cm mukobvu akanyatsovhuniwa mubindu reshredder. Pedyo nebirch copses muminda yakasiiwa, nzvimbo dzine sango rakaomarara remabirche madiki anoumbwa nekuzvidzvara. Kuzvidyara kwakadaro hakuitike musango, asi pakurima, uko kunoparadza minda. Mukuwedzera, kana iwe ukasacheka mabhishi ose mumutsara, asi wakaonda kunze kwekudyara, izvi zvichavandudza kukura kwe boletus uye porcini howa mairi.
Mune brittle, kana chena, willow inokura mumigwagwa nenzizi, matavi anogona kukura kusvika masendimita mashanu mumwaka mumwe! Uye kunyange ivo vanokuya zvakanaka. Kana iwe ukadzura gumi nemaviri eiyi mawillow munzvimbo, ipapo mushure memakore mashanu iwe uchave uine isingaperi sosi ye substrate yehowa. Miti yose yakasvibiswa uye shrubs inoumba matavi akareba uye akatwasuka akakodzera: bred willow, hazel, aspen, etc. Chips kubva kumatavi emuouki akakodzera kukura shiitake, asi kwete ringworm uye oyster mushroom, nokuti. ma enzymes avo haaori tannin.
Matavi emipaini nemaspruce zvakare akavhuniwa zvakanaka, asi anonamatira zvakasimba kutenderedza mapanga echopper nemuviri wayo wemukati neresin. Chips kubva kumatavi econiferous akakodzera chete kukura mutsara wepepuru (Lepista nuda).
Matavi akaoma emiti nemakwenzi haana kukodzera kukuya, sezvo anowanzobatwa ne mold. Uye, kunze kweizvi, pakukuya yakaoma, kunyanya matavi akasvibiswa nevhu, mapanga anokurumidza kupera.
Kana iwe uchida kuchengetedza iyo substrate yekushandisa mune ramangwana, saka yekuchengetedza inofanira kuomeswa pasi pekanopi, uye yakanyoroveswa isati yashandiswa. Kuti uwane substrate ine hunyoro hwehuwandu hwe50%, iyo yakaomeswa huni machipisi inofanira kudururwa nemvura kwemaminitsi makumi matatu, ipapo mvura inofanira kudonhedzwa uye mhedzisiro yehuni huni inofanira kuomeswa mubindu masikati.
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Kudiridza munda nemhete
Kuti uite michero yakanaka, kurima howa kunoda kudiridza nguva dzose. Kuironga kuri nyore.
Pane chitubu chiduku mubindu, saka zvakanga zvisingakoshi kugadzira tsime kana tsime. Mvura inobva muchitubu inoyerera ichidzika panzvimbo iyi nenzira yerukova ruduku uye inounganidzwa mudziva rinoyera 4 x 10 m. Kubva ipapo, pombi yeasbestos-cement yakareba 8 m inotarwa, kubva iyo mvura inoyerera ichienda kune sump, umo zvidimbu zvevhu zvinogara. Zvadaro, hova dzemvura dzakachena dzinozadza tangi yekrete ine dhayamita ye2,5 m uye yakadzika mamita maviri, apo pombi yemvura ine simba re 2 W inoiswa, ichipa musoro we 1100 atm pakukwanisa. ye0,6 m10 / h. Kuti uwedzere kucheneswa kwemvura kubva muzvidimbu zvevhu, pombi inoiswa mugaba repurasitiki, iro rinoiswa 3 µm gobvu agril bag. Agril chinhu chakachipa chekuvharisa chemibhedha yebindu.
Pombi inoendesa mvura kune pombi ine dhayamita 32 mm. Zvadaro, nerubatsiro rwezvigadzirwa zvakakosha, mvura inogoverwa kuburikidza nemapombi ane dhayamita ye20 mm. Inokurudzirwa kushandisa mapaipi uye zvigadziro zvakagadzirwa ne-low-density polyethylene (HDPE) - iyi ndiyo yakavimbika uye yakachipa system yemapombi uye fittings.
Mapombi ekudiridza akaiswa paurefu hwe 2,2 m pamusoro pevhu pachishandiswa mitsara yakatwasuka yakagadzirwa nekusimbisa nehupamhi hwe 12 mm. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti ucheke uswa uye utarisire kurima howa pasina kukanganisa. Kupfapfaidza kwemvura kunoitika kubva kumagaba ekudiridza akananga kumusoro. Magaba ekudiridza mapurasitiki anodhiza mabhodhoro ane maburi 0,05 mm. Vakatengeswa muzvitoro zvehardware kwe15 rubles. chidimbu. Kuti uzvibatanidze neHDPE fittings, unofanirwa kucheka 1/2 yemukati shinda pavari. Chidimbu chekugadzira winterizer chinoiswa mukati megaba rekudiridza rimwe nerimwe, iro rinowedzera kuchenesa mvura.
Kubatidza pombi kunoburitsa timer yemumba. Pakudiridza kweminda yese yehowa (maeka gumi nemashanu) kaviri pazuva kwemaminetsi makumi maviri, inokwana 15 m2 yemvura inodyiwa kana mvura ichiyerera kubva mutsime kubva 20 m4 / zuva kusvika 3 m8 / zuva (zvichienderana nenguva. yegore). Nokudaro, kuchine mvura yezvimwe zvinodiwa. Mamwe magaba ekudiridza dzimwe nguva anovharwa nevhu, zvisinei nematope uye filtration system. Kuti vachenese, nzvimbo yakakosha yemvura yakagadzirwa pedyo nepombi muchikamu chepombi ine zvigadziriso zvemagaba mashanu emvura. Mukusavapo kwekuyerera kwemvura, pombi inokura kudzvinyirira kweanopfuura 3 atm. Izvi zvakakwana kuchenesa magaba ekudiridza nekuaputira pachidimbu chepombi uye kuvhara vharafu yemvura kune yekudiridza. Panguva imwe chete nekudiridza kwekudyara kwese kwehowa, compost mirwi, raspberries, cherries nemiti yemapuro inodiridzwa.
Magaba mashanu ari kumwaya mvura pamunda nemhete. Saizi yese yemubhedha ndeye 3 x 10 m. Mvura yekudiridza inowira pane zvimwe zvikamu zvayo, asi zvimwe zvinosara zvisina kudiridza. Sezvo ruzivo rwangu runoratidza, murimi wemhete anofarira kubereka michero munzvimbo idzodzo umo mvura yekudiridza haipindi zvakananga. Kuongororwa kwehunyoro hwe substrate mumubhedha unobereka michero yakaratidza kuti hazvidikanwi kunwisa pasi rose remubhedha. Iyo ringworm mushroom box inogovera hunyoro kubva pakudiridza mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzebindu pamusoro pese pese. Izvi zvinoratidza mabhenefiti asina kupokana ekuva ne mycelium mubindu.