Maitiro ekukweretesa imba uye kuwana mari muna 2022: nhanho-ne-nhanho mirairo ine nyanzvi zano

Zvichitevera mamiriro akaita hupfumi, mabhanga anopfavisa kana kuomesa mutemo wechikwereti. Makore makumi maviri apfuura, zvikwereti zvakapihwa nekungwarira: kuchengetedzwa kana kuvimbiswa. Nekufamba kwenguva, mamwe masangano emari diki akaonekwa, uye huwandu hwezvikwereti nemakadhi echikwereti zvakaburitswa zvakawedzerawo. Chiyero chezvinodiwa kune vanokwereta chadzikira.

Asi kusamira zvakanaka kwehupfumi mumakore achangopfuura kuri kuita kuti mabhanga nevamwe vanokweretesa vatange kusarudza zvakare. Muna 2022, nzira chete yechokwadi yekuwana chikwereti ndeyekutora imba uye kuwana mari nekukurumidza.

Takagadzirira nhanho-nhanho mirairo uye takataura nenyanzvi nezvekuita zvese zvakanaka.

Chinhu chikuru pamusoro pechivimbiso cheimba

Apartment mortgage zvinodiwa

Munyika Yedu, hapana yunifomu inodiwa pakutenga imba yemba - kwete yeimba yacho pachayo, kana yemunhu anoda kugamuchira mari. Vanokweretesa vanotungamirirwa chete nezvido zvavo zvemari uye kuongorora njodzi.

Semuenzaniso, rimwe bhangi haringambotore imba muZATOs sechibatiso, nekuti aya maguta akavharwa. Kana mukwereti asingakwanisi kudzorera mari yacho, imba yacho inofanira kutengeswa uye zvichava zvakaoma kuita kudaro. Uye zvakakosha kuti mukweretesi adzoserwe mari yavo nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Rimwe bhanga rinogona kugamuchira imba yakadaro, asi kupa mwero wakakwira zvishoma uye kupa mari shoma pane iyo imba inodhura.

Mufananidzo unobvumirwa wemukwereti wakasiyanawo kune umwe neumwe mukweretesi. Mabhangi makuru anogona kuramba kana munhu asina basa rechigarire nemari. Kana kupa mazwi asingafadzi. Chikwereti uye chevatengi cooperatives uye vega vatengesi, pane zvinopesana, hazvina kunyanya kukoshesa mukuongorora munyoreri wemari.

Isu takaongorora zvinopihwa nevanokwereta muna 2022 uye takawana iyo "arithmetic average" inodiwa yezvibatiso zveimba muNyika Yedu.

Imba yacho iri muguta umo mune hofisi inomiririra yemukweretesi. Kana iyo bhangi (kunyangwe isiri iyo chete inogona kugamuchira imba sechibatiso) isina matavi nematavi munharaunda yako, imba yakadaro haigone kutariswa. Chikonzero chiri nyore: kana mukwereti asingakwanisi kubhadhara chikwereti, ipapo anofanira kudzingwa, kutongerwa, uye kutengeswa. Iyi imari yemukweretesi, kunyanya kana achigara mune rimwe guta.

Mamiriro eimba yacho. Mukweretesi haazotarise mapikicha matsva uye mahwindo akapetwa kaviri. Ehe, kana imba yacho mushure memoto, saka haina kunaka. Asi kazhinji, fenicha yakanaka uye seti nyowani yekicheni haikanganisi mutengo. Mushure mezvose, ifurati iri kubhadharwa, iyo inogona kukurumidza kutengeswa.

Zvakakosha kune vane chikwereti kuti imba yacho haisi yekukurumidza, yakaparara. Pane zvinodiwa pahuwandu hwezvitoro uye huwandu hwedzimba. Semuenzaniso, dzimba dzenhurikidzwa mbiri dzine dzimba nhanhatu - dzakadaro dzakavakwa mumakore ekutanga eSoviet - hadziwire pasi pemaitiro evazhinji vanokwereta. Kana imba yacho ine matanda pasi - zvakare, kazhinji, bhero haisi sarudzo.

Kutaurirana kwese kunofanirwa kunge kuri kushanda: gasi, magetsi, kudziyisa uye kupa mvura. Kuvandudzazve zvisiri pamutemo kazhinji hazvibvumidzwe. Semuenzaniso, kana rusvingo pakati pekicheni nekamuri rakaputswa muimba ine chitofu chegesi, izvi zvakakosha. Asi kana chete pantry yakaitwazve, zvino zviri pakufunga kwebhangi. Magadzirirwo akanyoreswa zviri pamutemo muBTI anogamuchirwa.

Mukweretesi anoziva sei kuti imba yacho imvura? Zviri nyore: iwe uchafanirwa kuodha yekuongorora. Iri ibasa rinobhadharwa. Munyika Yedu, mutengo wepakati ndeye 5-15 zviuru rubles. Nyanzvi ichauya, kutora mifananidzo, kunyora mhedziso - album yekuongorora. Muongorori acharatidza avhareji mari yekutengesa imba, pahwaro hwaro iyo bhangi ichatora mhedziso nezve saizi yechikwereti.

Hwaro hwekuva muridzi. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, wakaiwana sei imba iyi. Chikonzero chakanaka chemukweretesi chibvumirano chekutengesa. Kureva kuti iwe wakambotenga imba iwe pachako, uye ikozvino unoda kuitora. Kana kuti wakaitira privatiti imba. Rangarira kuti privatization yakatanga muna 1991.

Vanongwarira dzimba dzakagamuchirwa pasi pechibvumirano chezvipo uye senhaka. Kunyanya kana imba yacho ichangobva kutamira kwauri. Kamwe kamwe, mumwedzi mishomanana, tsotsi kana dare redzimhosva richaburitswa? Semuenzaniso, pachava nevadyi venhaka vane zvido zvisina kuverengerwa pakugovaniswa kwemidziyo.

Panguva imwecheteyo, dzimba dzakadaro dzichiri kugamuchirwa, asi dzinokumbirwa kuti dzipe inishuwarenzi yezita. Pasi pemutemo wakadaro, kambani yeinishuwarenzi inozvipira kubhadhara mari yefurati kana kamwe kamwe chibvumirano chemupiro kana nhaka ikakwidzwa mudare.

Apartments ari kusungwa uye ayo anosainwa chibvumirano chemupiro haana kukodzera. Dare rinogona kutora imba yacho. Izvi zvinoitika apo muridzi wayo, somuenzaniso, anobatanidzwa mumhaka yemhosva. Kana kuti vanotora zvikwereti kwaari. Mukweretesi haatore imba iyo chibvumirano chemupiro chakatogadzirwa.

Kazhinji kazhinji havagamuchiri mafurati anorendwa. Asi mukweretesi haakwanise kuziva nezve izvi - ingotora izwi rako pazviri. Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti kana paine emergency, izvi zvinogona kusatamba mukufarira kwako. Fungidzira kuti wakakweretesa imba uye ukaita inishuwarenzi, asi panguva imwe chete iwe uri kuirenda kune vanoroja. Vakanga vaine gasi rakadeuka uye imba yakanga yaparara. Imba yacho yaishandiswa nevamwe vanhu uye kambani yeinishuwarenzi icharamba kubhadhara muripo.

Zvinodiwa kune vanokwereta

Kana iwe uchida kuwana mari yakachengetedzwa nefurati, mukweretesi achakuongororawo iwe semukwereti. Mabhanga ane maitiro akaomarara.

Age. Kakawanda, mugari wemo anogona kurasa pfuma yake kubva pazera remakore 18. Pane zvisizvo kune vanhu vanopfuura makore gumi nematanhatu, kana kusunungurwa kuchizivikanwa kuburikidza nedare - kureva kuti, munhu anoonekwa seanokwanisa zvakakwana, zvinoreva kuti anogona kurasa zvinhu, kusanganisira kuita chitsidzo.

Nekudaro, pakupa zvikwereti, mabhangi anowedzera zera remukwereti. Iyo yepasi bhawa inowanzo 20-21 yemakore. Iyo yepamusoro bar yakakura kwazvo - kubva pa65 kusvika ku85 makore. Panguva yezera iri, chikwereti chinofanira kunge chatovharwa zvachose.

Muenzaniso. Mumwe mugari wemuguta ane makore 50 anoda kutora furati ndokudzorera mari yacho kubhengi kwemakore 20. Zvisinei, bhanga rinongokweretesa kune vanokwereta vari pasi pemakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu. Kureva kuti, iwe uchafanirwa kutora chikwereti chemakore gumi nemashanu chete kana kutsvaga rimwe bhangi.

Ruzivo rwebasa nemari.  Chikwereti chevatengi cooperatives (CPC) uye vega vanoisa mari vakatendeseka sezvinobvira kune avo vanoda kukwereta imba uye kuwana mari. Mabhangi zvakare ndiwo anonyanya kukosha kune ichi chinhu. Gadzirira chitupa che2-NDFL (pamari), unofanirwa kushandirwa munzvimbo yekupedzisira kweinenge mwedzi 3-6. Panguva imwecheteyo, mabhangi anonzwisisa kuti havasi vese vanoshanda zviri pamutemo. Naizvozvo, vanogona kubvuma kugamuchira chirevo chako chebhangi seimwe nzira. Chirevo chacho chinofanira kuratidza kuti mukwereti anogamuchira mari nenguva yakati uye kuti ane mari mumaakaundi ake.

Nhoroondo yechikwereti. Chokutanga pane zvose, mabhangi arikuteerera - CPC iri kutarisawo. Nhoroondo yechikwereti inochengetwa mumahofisi akakosha. Vanofambisa ruzivo rwekuti ndezvipi zvikwereti zvakanyoreswa kumunhu uyu, kunyangwe kubhadhara kunoitwa nenguva. 

Nhanho-ne-nhanho mirayiridzo yekukwereta imba

1. Sarudza mukweretesi

Sarudzo iri pakati pemabhangi, mubatanidzwa wevatengi vechikwereti (CPC) kana mutengi akazvimiririra. Imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, izvo zvatichakurukura pasi apa.

2. Gadzirira zvinyorwa

Kuti utore imba yeimba iwe uchada:

• zadza fomu rekunyorera (mukweretesi wega wega ane fomu rake);
• pasipoti yepakutanga nekunyoresa;
• gwaro rechipiri (SNILS, rezinesi rekutyaira, TIN, ID yemauto, pasipoti, uye dzimwe nguva zvese kamwechete - mukweretesi wega wega ane zvaanoda);
• 2-NDFL chitupa chemari (iwe unogona kuikumbira mudhipatimendi re accounting kana kuidhawunirodha muakaundi yako yega pawebhusaiti yebasa remutero - chekutanga, mabhangi anoibvunza);
• kopi yebhuku rebasa kana chidimbu kubva mairi (mabhangi anobvunzawo);
• kana iwe wakaroora uye usati wapinda muchibvumirano chewanano, maererano neicho mukadzi (a) asiri muridzi wefurati uye asingaiti seanokwereta pamwe chete nechikwereti, saka iwe unoda chitupa kubva kuhofisi yekunyoresa;
• kusimbiswa kwemuridzi wefurati: chibvumirano chekutengesa, chinyorwa kubva kuUSRN, chitupa chenhaka, chibvumirano chekupa kana mutongo wedare.

3. Nzwisisa inishuwarenzi uye kukosha

Chokutanga pane zvose, mukweretesi achakumbira kuongororwa kweimba yacho. Mutemo haumanikidze kuita izvi, asi mukuita nzira iyi inenge inogara ichiitwa. Hazvibviri kutenda shoko remukwereti kuti imba yake inodhura imwe mari. Makambani ekuongorora anoshanda nekukurumidza. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, tarisa kana chero kambani yekuongorora yakakodzera kana chete kubva pakati peavo vakatenderwa nebhangi kana CPC. Nyanzvi ichauya, ita dhizaini yekuongorora (paavhareji mumazuva 1-3) uye nyora mhedziso pamutengo weimba.

Mushure maizvozvi, mukweretesi achakwanisa kuzivisa mari yaakagadzirira kupa pakuchengetedza. Ndokumbira utarise kuti hapana achapa 100% yemutengo wefurati nechikwereti. Zvakanaka, kana vakapa 80-90% yemutengo wemusika. Semuenzaniso, muongorori akanyora kuti nzvimbo yacho inokosha mamiriyoni gumi rubles. Mukweretesi anobvumirana kupa 10% yemari iyi, kureva, mamiriyoni 75 rubles. Rangarira kuti mukweretesi haasi mutengi wefurati. Ane rimwe basa rakasiyana: kupa mari, kuwana mari, uye kana chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka, kurumidza kutengesa rubatso uye kudzorera yake.

Pamberi pekutengeserana, iwe uchafanirwa kubvumirana pane inishuwarenzi yefurati. Kambani yeinishuwarenzi inofanirwa kusimbisa kuti yakagadzirira kuisa inshuwarisi chinhu uye hupenyu hweakakwereta. Nenzira, chero kambani yakakodzera. Zvisinei, vanokweretesa vanowanzoratidza dziva reinishuwarenzi ravanoshanda navo. Kana ukasarudza imwe kambani, saka chikumbiro chinogona kutariswa chakareba kana kurambwa pasina tsananguro.

Anokwereta haafanirwe kuisa inishuwarenzi zita (takataura nezvebasa iri pamusoro). Asi mukweretesi, zvakare, mune iyi kesi, anogona kuramba kana kusimudza chiyero.

4. Nyora chitsidzo

Panguva ino, nyika, inomiririrwa naRosreestr, inobatanidzwa munyaya yacho. Dhipatimendi iri ndiro rinoona nezve accounting yeminda nezvivakwa munyika. Hazvinei kwaari kuti unotorerei chikwereti uye pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaita sei. Anoita serudzi rwemutsigiri wekuchena kwekutengeserana. Muchikamu ichocho chekuti kubva zvino zvichienda mberi muUSRN padhuze nefurati yako pachave nekunetsa. Chirevo chinoratidza kuti imba yacho yakavimbiswa. Izvi zvinodiwa kudzivirira kukakavara mune ramangwana.

5. Mitemo yemvumo yechikwereti uye kugamuchira mari

Paavhareji, maitiro ese anotora mazuva gumi nemana. Izvi kana iwe usingamhanyire chero kupi zvako, asi usanonoke kuunganidza magwaro. Ngatitarisei kuti nguva ino inoumbwa nei:

• kusati kwabvumidzwa kwechikumbiro nemukweretesi - muna 2022 zvinotora maawa mashoma uye kunyange maminetsi;
• kubvumidzwa kwechikumbiro - kusvika kumazuva mashanu, iyo yakareba nzira iri nemabhangi, panguva ino iwe unofanirwa kupa magwaro ese;
• inishuwarenzi uye kukosha - makambani anoshanda nekukurumidza, asi kwete pakarepo, isu tichatora kusvika mazuva mashanu kune aya maitiro;
• kunyoreswa kwechipikirwa muRosreestr - mazuva mashanu ekushanda kubva pazuva rekugamuchira chikumbiro uye magwaro akabatanidzwa pairi, pakunyoresa kuburikidza neMFC - mazuva manomwe ekushanda, kunyange zvazvo munhu wose anogona kuipedza nokukurumidza;
• kugamuchira mari - pakarepo mushure mekunyora kwechipikirwa.

Ndeipi nzvimbo yakanaka yekurenda imba?

1. Mabhangi

Iyo yakanyanya purofiti sarudzo maererano nemitengo. Ichava shoma pane muCPC uye vanoisa mari. Asi kuisa furati remba uye kuwana mari ndicho chinhu chakaoma. Nekuti vanotarisisa mukwereti: chirevo chemari, bhuku rebasa, nhoroondo yechikwereti. Iwe unogona kuita pasina iyo, asi ipapo chiyero chichave chakakwirira. Mukuwedzera, kukurumidza kwekubvumirwa nemabhangi ndiyo yakaderera. Iwe hausi kuwana mari nekukurumidza.

2. Private investers

Muna 2022, vanoisa mari vanogona kuburitsa mari pachibatiso chete kune vega mabhizinesi uye masangano emutemo ekusimudzira bhizinesi. Vanorambidzwa kukweretesa kune vagariwo zvavo.

Kana iwe uine wega muzvinabhizimusi kana LLC uye imba inokodzera bheti, saka unogona kuwana chikwereti kubva kune investor. Uyu munhuwo zvake anofarira kuita mari. Panguva imwecheteyo, anogona kuita kuburikidza nebroker, kambani yekutarisira inoperekedza chikamu chepamutemo chekutengeserana.

Vanoisa mari vane mubereko wepamusoro pazvikwereti pane mabhanga nemaCPC. Asi iwe unogona kuwana mari nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.

3. Zvimwe zvingasarudzwa

Microfinance masangano, iwowo maMFIs kana "mari yekukurumidza" haigone kugamuchira dzimba sechibatiso. Mutemo unorambidza. Pawnshops haatore dzimba zvakare. MaCPC chete ndiwo akasara - macooperatives evatengi vechikwereti. Register yavo iri pawebhusaiti yeCentral Bank¹. Kana kambani isiri pachirongwa, usashande nayo.

Iyo CPC inokweretesa chete kune vagovani vayo. Nezviyero zvemazuva ano, chimiro chinotaridzika sechinyakare. Mushure mezvose, pakutanga, ma cooperatives akagadzirwa se "mutual aid funds". Ndiko kuti, boka revanhu rinobatana uye rinosarudza: ngatiwedzere mari kune imwe homwe, uye kana mumwe wevagovani achida mari, isu tichamupa chikwereti. Uye isu tichabatsira munhu, uye isu tichawana mari isu pachedu.

Mazuva ano PDAs kushanda nenzira imwe chete, chete vanobvuma anenge munhu wose somugoveri, uye haufaniri kubhadhara mari kujoina. Ndiko kuti, mukwereti anogamuchirwa mumubatanidzwa, vanopa chikwereti chakachengetedzwa, uye anobhadhara mari kuCCP. Paanongobhadhara chikwereti, anogona kuenda. 

Macooperatives akavimbika sezvinobvira kumufananidzo wemukwereti uye anopa mvumo nekukurumidza kupfuura mabhangi. Asi chikamu chavo chikuru.

Mamiriro ezvinhu ekubhadhara chikwereti cheimba yeimba

Mamiriro ese ezvinhu anotsanangurwa muchibvumirano chechikwereti. Izvo hazvina kunyanya kusiyana nezvikwereti zvenguva dzose. Kubhadhara kunofanirwa kuitwa mwedzi wega wega pane mamwe mazuva. Unogona kubhadhara chikwereti nekukurumidza pasina mutongo. Kana chikwereti chabhadharwa, mari yekuchengetedza inobviswa kubva muimba.

Bhangi rine kodzero yekutora pfuma kana mukwereti akanonoka mukubhadhara kanenge zuva rimwe katatu pagore. Tyisidziro chaiyoiyo yokusiiwa isina pokugara kumitezo yose yemhuri, kubatanidza mwana ari pasi pemakore 18 okukura.

Paunenge uchibhadhara chikwereti, haugone kuita chero chinhu nefurati pasina mvumo yemukweretesi. Iwe unogona kurarama, kugadzira zvizoro zvakare. Asi kuvandudza, kutengesa uye kurenda - chete nemvumo yemuridzi wechipikirwa.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Anopindura mibvunzo Gweta reGLS Invest Management Company (GLS INVEST) Alexander Morev.

Zvitubu zve:

1. Central Bank webhusaiti. https://www.cbr.ru/hd_base/KeyRate/
2. Federal Law Nha. . http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_16.07.1998/b102eebfdbd26.03.2022ea01.05.2022ea19396b8dc3c17125d9f17f0/.