Kuisa chinangwa chakanaka here kana chakaipa?

Owain Service naRory Gallagher, vanyori veKufunga Narrow. Zvinoshamisa nzira dzakareruka dzekuzadzisa zvibodzwa zvikuru ”uye vaongorori kubva kuBehavioral Insights Team (BIT), vachishandira hurumende yeUK:

1. Sarudza chinangwa chakakodzera;
2. Ratidza kutsungirira;
3. Dzvanya basa rakakura kuita matanho anogoneka nyore;
4. Isa muchiono matanho chaiwo anodiwa;
5. Batanidza mhinduro;
6. Wana rubatsiro rwemagariro;
7. Rangarira mubayiro.

BIT iri kudzidza nzira yekushandisa nudges uye psychology yekukurudzira "kukurudzira vanhu kuita sarudzo dziri nani ivo nenharaunda." Kunyanya, zvinobatsira kuita sarudzo yakanaka kana zvasvika kune hutano mararamiro uye kusimba.

Mubhuku iri, vanyori vanotaura chidzidzo chakaitwa nenyanzvi dzepfungwa Albert Bandura naDaniel Chervon, avo vakayera mhedzisiro yevadzidzi vakashandisa mabhasikoro ekurovedza muviri. Vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti "vadzidzi vakaudzwa kwavakanga vari maererano nechinangwa vakawedzera kaviri kuita kwavo uye vakakunda avo vakagamuchira chinangwa chete kana mhinduro chete."

Naizvozvo, akawanda maapplication uye kusimba matracker anowanikwa kwatiri nhasi anotitendera kuti tiende kune dzakasiyana siyana zvinangwa zvakaringana kupfuura kare. Makambani akati wandei akaunza zvirongwa zvekusimbisa muviri uye akagovera pedometers kuvashandi kuvakurudzira kutora nhanho gumi pazuva. Sezvaitarisirwa, vazhinji vakatanga kuisa zvishoma nezvishoma chinangwa chepamusoro, icho chakaonekwa sekubudirira kukuru.

Nekudaro, kune rimwe divi rekumisa chinangwa. Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinobata nekupindwa muropa nekurovedza muviri zvisina kunaka vanoona chiitiko ichi zvakasiyana.

Vanoshora vatevedzeri vemuviri, vachiti "ndivo chinhu chakanyanya kupusa pasi rose ... vanhu vanoshandisa michina yakadaro vanowira mumusungo wekuwedzera kuenderera uye kuenderera mberi nekuita basa rekuita, vachiregeredza kuputsika kwekushushikana uye kumwe kukuvara kwakakomba, kuti vawane kumhanya kwakafanana. .” endorphins, iyo mwedzi mishoma yapfuura yakawanikwa nemutoro wakareruka.

Mubhuku rine musoro wakatsetseka wokuti “Hazvidzivisiki. Sei tichiramba tichitarisa, kupuruzira, kudzvanya, kutarisa uye tisingamire?" Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa dzepaColumbia University Adam Alter anonyevera kuti: “Tinonyanya kufunga nezvezvakanakira kuronga chinangwa tisingatarisi zvakaipa. Kuisa chinangwa chave chiri chinhu chinobatsira chekukurudzira munguva yakapfuura sezvo vanhu vanosarudza kushandisa nguva shoma nesimba sezvinobvira. Hatigone kunzi intuitively hardworking, hunhu uye hutano. Asi pendulum yakazununguka neimwe nzira. Iye zvino tinoda chaizvo kuita zvakawanda munguva shoma zvekuti tinokanganwa kumbomira.”

Pfungwa yokuda kugadza chinangwa chimwe pashure pechimwe iripo chaizvoizvo munguva pfupi yapfuura. Alter anopokana kuti zera redhijitari rinonyanya kutarisana nekupindwa muropa nehunhu kupfuura chero nguva yapfuura munhoroondo. IInternet yakaunza zvinangwa zvitsva "zvinosvika, uye kazhinji zvisina kukokwa, mubhokisi retsamba kana pachiratidziro chako."

Manzwisisiro mamwe chete ayo hurumende nemasangano ezvekugarisana anoshandisa kuvaka maitiro akanaka anogona kushandiswa kudzivirira vatengi kubva kushandisa zvinhu nesevhisi. Dambudziko riri pano harisi kushaikwa kwekuda, kungoti "kune chiuru chevanhu kuseri kwechidzitiro vane basa rekuputsa kuzvidzora kwaunayo."

Zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvive nyore kuramba uchizvishandisa pane kumira, kubva kuNetflix, uko chikamu chinotevera cheiyi nhevedzano chinotorwa otomatiki, kuWorld of Warcraft marathons, panguva iyo vatambi vasingade kuvhiringwa kunyangwe kurara uye. chikafu.

Dzimwe nguva kukurumidza kusimbiswa kwevanhu muchimiro che "vanoda" kunotungamirira kukuti munhu anotanga kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza Facebook (sangano rinopfurikidza rakarambidzwa muRussia) kana Instagram (sangano rinopfurikidza rakarambidzwa muRussia). Asi kunzwa kwekubudirira kunokurumidza kupera. Paunongosvika pachinangwa chekuwana vanyoreri vane chiuru pa Instagram (sangano rakanyanyisa rakarambidzwa muRussia), imwe nyowani inoonekwa panzvimbo yayo - ikozvino zviuru zviviri zvevanyoreri zvinoita seyakakodzera bhenji.

Alter inoratidza kuti zvigadzirwa zvakakurumbira uye masevhisi zvinowedzera sei kubatikana uye kuderedza kushushikana nekukanganisa kumisa chinangwa uye mibairo nzira. Zvese izvi zvinowedzera zvakanyanya mukana wekupindwa muropa.

Tichishandisa zvakawanwa zvesainzi yehunhu, zvinokwanisika kushandisa kwete chete kuti tinozorora sei. Noam Scheiber muThe New York Times anotsanangura mashandisiro anoita Uber psychology kuita kuti vatyairi vayo vashande nesimba sezvinobvira. Iyo kambani haina kutonga kwakananga pamusoro pevatyairi - ivo vanozvimiririra vebhizinesi kupfuura vashandi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuve nechokwadi chekuti pane nguva dzose yakakwana yavo yekusangana nezvinodiwa uye kukura kwekambani.

Mukuru wezvekutsvagisa kuUber anoti: “Magadzirirwo edu akanyanya ekutanga anokukurudzira kuti ushande nesimba sezvaunokwanisa. Hatidi izvi nenzira ipi zvayo. Asi ndiwo magadzirirwo ekutanga.

Semuenzaniso, heano maficha maviri eapp anokurudzira vatyairi kushanda nesimba:

• «advance allocation» - vatyairi vanoratidzwa rwendo runotevera runobvira rwusati rwapera.
• zvakakosha zvinovatungamira uko kambani inoda kuti vaende - kusangana nezvinodiwa, kwete kuwedzera mari yemutyairi.

Kunyanya kushanda ndiko kumisikidzwa kwezvinangwa zvisina tsarukano izvo zvinodzivisa vatyairi uye kugoverwa kwezvisina zvazvinoreva. Scheiber anoti, "Nekuti Uber inoronga basa rese remutyairi kuburikidza neapp, pane zvishoma zvekumisa kambani kutevera zvinhu zvemitambo."

Maitiro aya ndeenguva refu. Kusimuka kwehupfumi hwakasununguka kunogona kutungamirira ku "pfungwa yepfungwa inopedzisira yava nzira huru yekutonga maAmerica anoshanda."

Nezve nyanzvi: Helen Edwards ndiye mukuru weraibhurari paSkolkovo Moscow School of Management.