Kubvumbi uno, mufambi webhizinesi Tom Stucker abhururuka mamirioni gumi nemasere mamaira (anenge mamirioni makumi maviri nepfumbamwe emakiromita) mumakore gumi nemana apfuura. Ndiyo nguva huru yenguva mumhepo.
Anogona kunge akadya chikafu che6500 muchikepe, akatarisa zviuru zvemafirimu, uye akashanyira chimbuzi mundege kanopfuura ka10. Akaunganidzawo muyero wemwaranzi wakaenzana ne000 chest x-rays. Asi ndeipi njodzi yehutano yechiyero chakadaro chemwaranzi?
Iwe unogona kufunga kuti iyo inowanzo flyer's radiation dose inobva kunzvimbo dzekuchengetedza airport, yakazara-muviri scanner, uye inobatwa nemaoko x-ray michina. Asi wakarasika. Nzvimbo huru yekuratidzwa kwemwaranzi kubva mukufamba nendege kubhururuka chaiko. Pakakwirira, mhepo inova mutete. Kukwira kwaunobhururuka kubva pamusoro pePasi, mamorekuru egasi mashoma ari muchadenga. Saka, mamorekuru mashoma anoreva kushomeka kwekudzivirira kwemhepo, uye nekudaro kuratidzwa kwakanyanya kwemwaranzi kubva muchadenga.
Vazivi vemuchadenga vanofamba kunze kwemhepo yePasi vanowana mwero wepamusoro wemwaranzi. Muchokwadi, kuunganidzwa kweiyo radiation dose ndiyo inodzikamisa kureba kwendege dzenzvimbo ine vanhu. Nekuda kwekugara kwenguva refu muchadenga, vazivi vemuchadenga vari panjodzi yekubatwa nekatarakiti, gomarara uye chirwere chemoyo pavanodzokera kumba. Irradiation ndiyo inonyanya kukoshesa chinangwa chaElon Musk chekukoloni Mars. Kugara kwenguva refu paMars nemhepo yaro yakanyanyisa kwaizouraya chaizvo nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya kuwanda kwemwaranzi, kunyangwe yakabudirira colonization yepasi naMat Damon mubhaisikopo The Martian.
Ngatidzokere kumufambi. Ndeipi ichave yakazara radiation dosi yeStucker uye hutano hwake huchatambura?
Zvese zvinoenderana nekuti inguvai yaakapedza ari mumhepo. Kana tikatora avhareji yekumhanya kwendege (mamaira 550 paawa), zvino mamaira 18 miriyoni akabhururuka mumaawa 32, anova makore 727. Mwero wemwaranzi yedosi pahupamhi hwepamusoro (3,7 tsoka) ingangoita makumi matatu neshanu millisievert paawa (a sievert iyuniti inoshanda uye yakaenzana dosi yeionizing radiation inogona kushandiswa kuongorora njodzi yegomarara).
Nekuwanza mwero wedoro nemaawa ekubhururuka, tinogona kuona kuti Stucker akazviwanira kwete chete akawanda emahara matikiti emhepo, asiwo angangoita zana mamillisieverts ekuratidzwa.
Dambudziko rekutanga rehutano padanho redosi iyi injodzi yakawedzera yemamwe magomarara mune ramangwana. Zvidzidzo zvevakabatwa nebhomba reatomu nevarwere mushure mekurapwa nemwaranzi yakabvumira masayendisiti kufungidzira njodzi yekubatwa negomarara chero ipi zvayo yakapihwa dhigirii remwaranzi. Zvimwe zvinhu zvese zvakaenzana, kana madosi akaderera aine mazinga enjodzi akaenzana neakakwira dosi, saka huwandu hwegomarara hwe0,005% pamillisievert ifungidziro inonzwisisika uye inowanzo shandiswa. Saka, 100 millisievert dose yeStucker yakawedzera njodzi yegomarara rinogona kuuraya ne 0,5%.
Ipapo mubvunzo unomuka: iyi idanho renjodzi huru here?
Vanhu vazhinji vanorerutsa njodzi yavo yekufa negomarara. Kunyange zvazvo nhamba yacho chaiyo iine nharo, zvakanaka kutaura kuti chikamu che25% chevarume vose vanogumisa hupenyu hwavo nekuda kwegomarara. Njodzi yegomarara yaStucker kubva mumwaranzi yaizofanira kuwedzerwa kune yake yekutanga njodzi, uye nekudaro inogona kunge iri 25,5%. Kuwedzera kwengozi yekenza yehukuru uhu idiki kuti kuyerwa nenzira ipi neipi yesainzi, saka inofanirwa kuramba iri kuwedzera kwekufungidzira kwengozi.
Kana mazana maviri evafambi vechirume vaizobhururuka mamaira gumi nemasere seStucker, taigona kutarisira mumwe chete wavo kupfupisa hupenyu hwavo nekuda kwenguva yekubhururuka. Vamwe varume 200 vaisambofa vakakuvadzwa.
Asi zvakadini nevanhuwo zvavo vanobhururuka kakawanda pagore?
Kana iwe uchida kuziva njodzi yako yega yekufa kubva kuradiation, unofanirwa kufungidzira ese mamaira ako akafamba mumakore. Tichifunga kuti kumhanya, dhamu uye njodzi kukosha uye ma paramita akapihwa pamusoro eStucker zvakare akakukodzera iwe. Kugovanisa mamaira ako ese ne3 zvinokupa iwe mukana wekuti uwane kenza kubva mundege dzako.
Semuenzaniso, wabhururuka 370 mamaira. Kana yakakamurwa, izvi zvakaenzana ne000/1 mukana wekuita cancer (kana kuwedzera gumi muzana mungozi). Vanhu vazhinji havabhururuke mamaira 10 muhupenyu hwavo, izvo zvakangofanana nendege 000 kubva kuLos Angeles kuenda kuNew York.
Saka kune avhareji mufambi, njodzi ishoma pane 0,01%. Kuita kuti kunzwisisa kwako kwe "dambudziko" kuzadzike, ita runyoro rwezvese mabhenefiti awakagamuchira kubva kundege dzako (mukana wekufamba nzendo dzebhizinesi, nzendo dzezororo, kushanya kwemhuri, nezvimwewo), wozotarisa zvakare pane iyi 0,01, XNUMX%. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti mabhenefiti ako aive mashoma kana achienzaniswa neako akawedzera njodzi yegomarara, saka ungangoda kumira kubhururuka. Asi kuvanhu vakawanda nhasi, kubhururuka nendege chinhu chinokosha muupenyu, uye kuwedzera kuduku kwengozi kwakakodzera.