Iyo occiput inoumba kumashure kwemusoro, ndicho chikamu chayo chekumashure uye chepasi chepakati. Inoita chikamu cheiyo occipital bone, bhonzo iro rimwe remapfupa masere anoumba dehenya uye, rakabatana kumusoro kwepamusoro, rinotendera kunyanya kufambisa musoro kubva kuzasi kumusoro, uye zvakare kutora chikamu mune kutsigirwa kwemusoro nekutenda kumisungo, pamwe nekudzivirira kwehuropi. Muchokwadi, icho chikamu chinotenderera chedehenya chakananga kumashure. Iyo inogona, semamwe mapfupa emuviri, kukanganiswa nezvirwere zvemapfupa, mamota uye maronda kunyanya, ayo anowanzo kuve nehanya kana kurapwa kuripo.

Iyo occiput inowanikwa mune yekumashure chikamu chemusoro, yakanangana neshure: ndiyo inobudikira yekumashure chikamu chedehenya. Icho chidimbu cheiyo occipital bone, iri bhonzo riri rimwe remapfupa masere anoumba dehenya.

Muchokwadi, iyo occiput chikamu chedehenya chinoenderana nenzvimbo yeiyo inion uye nechikamu chakamira cheyero cheiyo occipital bone. Iyo inion ipfungwa inowanikwa pakubatana kwemitsara yemutsipa (inonzi nuchal mitsara, panowanikwa mhasuru) kumusoro kurudyi uye kuruboshwe, pazasi pekunze occipital protuberance, ndokuti chikamu chedehenya icho inowedzera inodzokera kumashure.

Iyo occiput iri panzvimbo yakatenderedzwa, ine ovoid muchimiro. Iyo occipital bone, iyo iyo occiput ndeyayo, inogadzira hwaro hwe dehenya padivi remutsipa, uye inosanganisira gomba pakati payo rinotendera kuti kutanga kwemuzongoza kuti upfuure nepakati, panopinzwa musana.

Yakagadzirwa nemabhonzo, iyo occipital bone inoumbwa ne:

• pakati payo: foramen magnum, inova yakavhurwa hombe iri muchikamu chepazasi chefupa, panowanikwa chipenga chemuzongoza;
• yakakomberedza, suture, iyo inosanganisa iyo occipital bone kune mamwe mabhonzo ehenya ari padyo nayo: anonzi lambdoid sutures; vanobatanidza iyi occipital bone kune iyo yenguva mapfupa uye parietal mapfupa. Uyezve, iyo occipital bone yakabatanawo neiyo sphenoid bone, dombo repakona rehwaro hwehenya nekuti rinotaura kumabhonzo ese ehenya uye rinoibata munzvimbo, uye kune atlasi, yekutanga vertebra yemuzongoza;
• madiki madiki akatsemuka, akarara pamativi ese eforamen magnum. Inodaidzwa kuti occipital condyles, idzi nzvimbo dzinotaura necervical vertebra yekutanga, inonzi iyo atlas, nokudaro inogadzira kutaura uko kunotendera kuti musoro utamiswe kumusoro uye pasi, sechiratidzo chekubvuma; 
• iyo hypoglossal nerve canal (kureva, iri pasi perurimi) iri muzasi mehenya, iri pamusoro peiyo occipital condyle chete.
• iyo nuchal mitsara (yemutsipa), yepamusoro uye yakaderera, inobvumira kuiswa kwemhasuru.

Kutsigira musoro

Iyo occiput inobatsira kutsigira musoro. Rutsigiro urwu rwunoitwa kugoneka nemukono wakakura, une fibrous uye wakaomarara: unowedzera kubva kunze kwekunze kweiyo occiput kusvika kune yechinomwe cervical vertebra.

Kuchengetedzwa kwehuropi

Kuve chikamu chemapfupa anoumba dehenya, iyo occiput inobatanidzwa mukudzivirira kwehuropi, kana encephalon, iri mukati memapfupa ehenya iri.

Mhando nhatu dzechirwere chepfupa dzinogona kukanganisa iyo occiput, aya maronda, mamota, kana chirwere chePaget:

Occiput maronda panguva yekuvhunduka

Kunge mamwe mapfupa mumuviri, iyo occiput inogona kukuvara, panguva yekushungurudzika uye kudonha, iyo inogona kana isingasvike kuuropi. Uku kutsemuka kana kukanganisa kwacho kuri kushoma, uye kutsemuka kana iko kukura kuri kukuru. Kana huropi hukanganiswa, unenge uri kushungurudzika muuropi, uyo unogona kuve nemhedzisiro mhedzisiro, uye dzimwe nguva zvakanyanya. Kukuvara kwakawanda kwemusoro kunokonzerwa netsaona dzemumigwagwa. Mukuzvidzivirira, ngowani yakakosha, kunyanya pamudhudhudhu kana bhasikoro.

Bone tumors

Pakati pezvirwere zvinogona kukanganisa mapfupa, pane mapundu emapfupa, anosanganisira spheno-occipital chordoma (isingawanzo yekutanga bundu bundu, inononoka kukura, asi yemuno inoparadza, uye ine metastases isingawanzo uye inononoka). Bone kubatanidzwa kubva kune pfupa bundu kunogona kunge kuri shwashwa kana pfupa mabviro.

Chirwere chePage

Chirwere chaPaget, chirwere chisingawanzoitika chinonyanya kubata vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu, chakabatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwemapfupa. Ichi chirwere chinogona kuratidza sekuwedzera kwehenya. Uye zvakare, kukuvara kwedehenya dzimwe nguva kunokonzera kutemwa nemusoro.

Kurapa kwekushungurudzika kwemusoro

• Kushungurudzika kwepfungwa kunofanirwa kutarisirwa nekukurumidza nebasa remaurosurgery. Sekutanga nhanho, murwere anofanirwa kumutswa nguva nenguva kuti aone yekuwedzera hematoma. Mune emergency, chiremba anovhiya anogona kusarudza kuita gomba renguva pfupi. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzikisira uropi. Murwere anozoendeswa kune yakasarudzika nharaunda.
• Kushungurudzika kwemusoro kunogona, kana zvichidikanwa, zvichidaro, kuve chidzidzo chekugadziriswa patsva, kazhinji munzvimbo yekuvandudza pamwe nehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza.

Kurapa kwemamota

• Nezve spheno-occipital chordoma, kurapwa kunoenderana nekuvhiya resection, kureva kubvisa bundu repfupa chikamu.
• Nezve kurapa nemiti inogona kurwisa mamota: maererano nechikafu chekuwedzera, mistletoe ndiwo muti unonyanya kukurudzirwa pakurapa kenza. Zvidzidzo zvakasiyana zvinowanzo kuratidza kuti mistletoe dhisiki inoderedza mhedzisiro uye inovandudza hupenyu hwevarwere. Uye zvakare, mistletoe inobatsira kudzikisa kuneta apo ichivaka kutsungirira kwemurwere.

Nekudaro, chenjera iyo yakaipa mhedzisiro yekushandisa kwenguva refu kwemistletoe pane chena masero eropa, kana T lymphocyte. Muzhinji, chero kurapwa nemiti kunofanirwa kuve pasi pezano rekurapa. Muchiitiko ichi, mistletoe inogona kudzikisa BP, uye kusangana nemishonga yehypertension uye yemoyo arrhythmia.

Kurapa kwechirwere chePaget

Kazhinji kazhinji, chirwere chePaget chine hunyoro uye chinofambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma. Mune mafomu anorwadza zvakanyanya, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira bisphosphonates uye analgesics, kurwisa marwadzo.

Kuongororwa kwemapfupa asina kujairika kunowanzoenderana nemaitiro ekufungidzira, anowedzerwa neatomo-pathology, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuongorora huturu hunhu, kunyanya yetishu yakatorwa (inonzi biopsy), kana ongororo yezvokurapa biopsy.

• Kuongororwa kwekutsemuka kana kutsemuka kunosimbiswa nekufungidzira, x-ray yedehenya, pamwe neCT scan, kana MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) kuona kana huropi hwakakanganiswa kana kwete.
• Kuongororwa kwechirwere chepfupa kunogona kuitwa kuburikidza neX-ray asiwo kushandisa biopsy. Tumota, senge chordoma inowanzo kuve nezviratidzo zvekunonoka (spheno-occipital chordoma inowanzo kuwanikwa pazera ramakore makumi mana, iine chinguva chinowanzoitika chekuongorora. Iyo CT scan inoita kuti zvikwanise kucherechedza bundu osteolysis, asi zvakare kuverenga mukati memota yeMMM inobvumira. iwe kuti uone kukura kwebundu, iro rakakosha pakurapa kwekurapa uye fungidziro yeramangwana remurwere.
• Kuongororwa kwechirwere chePaget kuchawanikwa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kweropa, x-ray kana pfupa scans.