The occipital lobe (lobe - kubva muchiGiriki lobos, occipital - kubva medieval Latin occipitalis, kubva occiput) imwe yematunhu ehuropi, iri nechemberi uye kumashure kweuropi.

nzvimbo. Iyo occipital lobe inowanikwa pamwero weoccipital bone, padivi uye yakaderera chikamu cheuropi. Iyo inoparadzaniswa kubva kune mamwe lobes neakasiyana grooves:

• Iyo occipito-temporal sulcus inoiparadzanisa kubva kune temporal lobe iri pamberi.
• Iyo parieto-occipital groove inoiparadzanisa kubva parietal lobe iri kumusoro uye kumberi.
• Iyo calcarin groove iri pasi pe occipital lobe.

Main chimiro. Occipital lobe ndeimwe yenharaunda dzehuropi. Iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo yakanyanya kugadzirwa chikamu cheuropi uye inotora yakawanda yacho. Inoumbwa nemaneuroni, masero ayo ari padivi uye anoumba iyo grey nyaya. Kunze uku kunonzi cortex. Kuwedzerwa kwemiviri iyi, inonzi nerve fibers, inowanikwa pakati uye inoumba nyaya chena. Nzvimbo yemukati iyi inonzi medullary region (1) (2). Miforo yakawanda, kana makatsemuka kana yakadzika, inosiyanisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana mukati meuropi. Iyo longitudinal fissure yehuropi inobvumira kuti iparadzaniswe kuita maviri hemispheres, kuruboshwe uye kurudyi. Aya mahemispheres akabatanidzwa kune mumwe nemumwe nemakomisheni, iyo huru iyo inonzi corpus callosum. Imwe neimwe hemisphere inozopatsanurwa, kuburikidza neprimary sulcus, kuita marobe mana: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe uye occipital lobe (2) (3).

Chimiro du lobe occipital. Iyo occipital lobe ine yechipiri uye tertiary grooves, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kuumba convolutions inonzi gyri.

Iro cerebral cortex inobatanidzwa nemafungiro, sensitivomotor mabasa, pamwe chete nemabviro uye kutonga kwe skeletal muscle contraction. Aya mabasa akasiyana akagoverwa mumativi akasiyana ehuropi (1).

Basa re occipital lobe. Iyo occipital lobe ine chaizvo ine somatosensory mabasa. Inosanganisira pakati pechiratidzo (2) (3).

Zvekuderera, vascular kana bundu mavambo, mamwe pathologies anogona kukura mune occipital lobe uye anokanganisa yepakati tsinga system.

Stroke. Cerebrovascular tsaona, kana sitiroko, inoitika kana tsinga yeropa yakavharwa muuropi, seyakavharwa neropa kana mudziyo wakaputika (4). Iyi pathology inogona kukanganisa mabasa eiyo occipital lobe.

Head trauma. Inofananidzwa nekuvhunduka pamwero wehenya iyo inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwehuropi, kunyanya pamwero we occipital lobe. (5)

Multiple sclerosis. Iyi pathology chirwere che autoimmune chepakati tsinga system. Iwo immune system inorwisa myelin, sheath yakatenderedza nerve fibers, zvichikonzera kuzvimba. (6)

Tumor ye occipital lobe. Benign kana mamota akaipa anogona kukura muuropi, kunyanya mune occipital lobe. (7)

Degenerative cerebral pathologies. Mamwe ma pathologies anogona kutungamirira kukuchinja kwetsinga dzetsinga muuropi.

• Chirwere cheAlzheimer. Zvinoguma nekugadziridzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuziva nekunyanya kurasikirwa nendangariro kana kufunga. (8)
• Parkinson chirwere. Iyo inoratidzwa kunyanya nekudedera pakuzorora, kuderera uye kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwekufamba. (9)

Mishonga yekurapa. Zvichienderana nechirwere chinowanikwa, mamwe marapirwo anogona kurongerwa senge anti-inflammatory drugs.

Thrombolyse. Inoshandiswa panguva yekurohwa, kurapwa uku kunosanganisira kuputsa thrombi, kana kuvhara ropa, nerubatsiro rwemishonga. (4)

Kuvhiya kurapwa. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere chinowanikwa, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kuitwa.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, chinangwa chekurapa. Zvichienderana nedanho rebundu, marapirwo aya anogona kuitwa.

Kuongorora kwepanyama. Kutanga, kuongororwa kwekiriniki kunoitwa kuitira kucherechedza uye kuongorora zviratidzo zvinoonekwa nemurwere.

Chiremba imaging bvunzo. Kuti usimbise kana kusimbisa kuongororwa, cerebral uye spinal CT scan kana cerebral MRI inogona kunyanya kuitwa.

biopsy. Uku kuongorora kunosanganisira muenzaniso wemasero.

Lumbar kubaya. Iyi bvunzo inobvumira iyo cerebrospinal fluid kuti iongororwe.

Louis Pierre Gratiolet, French anatomist yezana ramakore rechi 19, ndomumwe wekutanga kuunza musimboti wekukamura cortex kuita lobes.