Guta rekuruboshwe (ventricle: kubva kuLatin ventriculus, zvichireva kuti dumbu diki) chimiro chemoyo, chinoshanda senzvimbo yekupfuura yeropa rine mweya weokisijeni kumuviri.

nzvimbo. Inowanikwa pamwero wepakati mediastinum mukati me thorax, moyo wakakamurwa kuita chikamu chekurudyi uye kuruboshwe. Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi chine makamuri maviri, atrium neventricle (1). Mhepo yekuruboshwe inotangira paatrioventricular orifice (pakati peatrium ne ventricle) kusvika kumusoro kwemoyo (2) .

Zvose chimiro. Rutivi rweruboshwe runoumba mhango yakasungwa ne (1):   

• iyo interventicular septum, rusvingo runoiparadzanisa kubva kumhepo yakarurama, pachikamu chayo chepakati;
• iyo atrioventricular septum, rusvingo ruduku runoiparadzanisa kubva paatrium yakarurama, pamusoro pepakati nepamusoro pepamusoro;
• iyo mitral valve, vharafu inoiparadzanisa kubva kuruboshwe rweatrium, pamusoro wayo wepamusoro;
• vharafu yeaortic, vharafu inoiparadzanisa kubva kune aorta, pasi payo.

Yemukati chimiro. Kuruboshwe ventricle ine nyama trabeculae (nyama mbiru), uyewo papillary tsandanyama. Izvi zvakabatana nemitral valve netambo dzetendon (1).

Wall. Rusvingo rweruboshwe rwakakora zvakapetwa katatu pane rerudyi. Inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu (1):

• iyo endocardium, mutsara wemukati wakagadzirwa nemasero ekupedzisira anogara pakubatanidza tishu;
• myocardium, musara wepakati wakagadzirwa netambo dzetsandanyama dzakatsetseka;
• iyo pericardium, iyo yekunze yakafukidza moyo.

Vascularization. Iyo yeruboshwe ventricle inopihwa nemidziyo ye coronary (1).

Ropa nzira. Ropa rinotenderera munzira imwe kuburikidza nemoyo uye nehurongwa hweropa. Atrium yekuruboshwe inogamuchira ropa rakapfuma-okisijeni kubva mutsinga dzemapapu. Ropa iri rinobva rapfuura nepakati pemitral valve kuti risvike kuventricle yekuruboshwe. Mukati mekupedzisira, ropa rinobva rapfuura nepakati peaortic valve kusvika kune aorta uye kugoverwa mumuviri wose (1).

Ventricular contraction. Kufamba kweropa kuburikidza ne ventricle yekuruboshwe kunotevera kutenderera kwemoyo. Iyo yekupedzisira yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: systole, chikamu chekushushikana uye diastole, chikamu chekuzorora (1) (3).

• Ventricular systole. Ventricular systole inotanga pamagumo e diastole, apo ventricle yekuruboshwe izere neropa. Iyo mitral valve inovhara, zvichiita kuti kumanikidzwa kuwedzere mumhepo yekuruboshwe. Kudzvinyirirwa kunoitwa neropa kuchaita kuti kuputika kwevheni rekuruboshwe, zvichiita kuti aortic valve ivhure. Ropa rinobva rabudiswa kuburikidza neaorta. Kuruboshwe kunobuda uye vharafu yeaortic inovhara.
• Ventricular diastole. Ventricular diastole inotanga pamagumo e systole, kana ventricle yekuruboshwe isina chinhu. Kumanikidzwa mukati me ventricle kunodzika, zvichiita kuti mitral valve ivhure. Vhenhire rekuruboshwe rinobva razadzwa neropa, richibva kuruboshwe rweatrium.

Mamwe ma pathologies anogona kukanganisa ventricle yekuruboshwe uye zvimiro zvayo. Zvinogona kuva chikonzero chekurova kwemoyo kusingaite, kunonzi cardiac arrhythmias, kukurumidza kurova, kunonzi tachycardias, kana kunyanya kurwadza kwechipfuva.

Valvulopathie. Inotaridza ma pathologies ese anobata mavharuvhu emoyo, kunyanya vharafu yezambiringa uye aortic valve. Iyo nzira yeiyi pathologies inogona kutungamirira kune shanduko muchimiro chemoyo nekuwedzerwa kweiyo kuruboshwe ventricle. Zviratidzo zvemamiriro ezvinhu aya zvinogona kusanganisira kugunun'una kwemoyo, kuputika, kana kusagadzikana (4) (5).

Myocardial infarction. Iyo inonziwo heart attack, myocardial infarction inoenderana nekuparadzwa kwechikamu chemyocardium. Chikonzero chechirwere ichi kuvharika kwetsinga yemwoyo inopa myocardium. Kubviswa kweokisijeni, masero emyocardial anofa uye anoderera. Kuparadza uku kunoguma nekusashanda zvakanaka kwechisungo chemoyo chinogona kutungamirira kumira kwemoyo. Myocardial infarction inoratidzwa kunyanya nemoyo usina kujairika rhythms kana moyo kusakundikana (6).

angina pectoris. Iyo inonziwo angina, angina pectoris inoenderana nekudzvinyirira uye kurwadziwa kwakadzika muchipfuva. Zvinoitika kazhinji panguva yekuedza asi zvinogonawo kuoneka panguva dzekushushikana uye zvisingawanzo kuzorora. Chikonzero chekutambudzika uku ndiko kusakwana kweokisijeni kune myocardium. Izvi zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwema pathologies anobata ma coronary arteries, anokonzera kudiridza myocardium (7).

pericarditis. Iyi pathology inoenderana nekuzvimba kwe pericardium. Zvikonzero zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana-siyana asi mavambo acho kazhinji hutachiona hwehutachiona kana hwehutachiona. Aya maitiro ekuzvimba anogonawo kukonzera fluid effusion inotungamira kune tamponade (1). Iyo yekupedzisira inoratidzirwa nekutsikirirwa kwemoyo nemvura, ichidzivirira kushanda zvakanaka.

Kurapwa. Zvichienderana nehutachiona hunoonekwa, mishonga yakasiyana inogona kurongerwa senge anticoagulants, anti-aggregants, kana kunyange anti-ischemic agents.

Kuvhiya kurapa. Zvichienderana nehutachiona hunoonekwa, kupindira kwekuvhiya kunogona kuitwa. Kukodzera kwevhavha prosthesis inogona semuenzaniso kuitwa mune zvimwe zviitiko zvechirwere chevharuvhu.

Kuongorora kwepanyama. Kutanga, kuongororwa kwekiriniki kunoitwa kuitira kudzidza kurova kwemwoyo kunyanya uye kuongorora zviratidzo zvinonzwisiswa nemurwere zvakadai sekupfupika kwekufema kana kuputika.

Chiremba imaging bvunzo. Kuti ugadzire kana kusimbisa kuongororwa, cardiac ultrasound, kana kunyange doppler ultrasound inogona kuitwa. Vanogona kuwedzerwa ne coronary angiography, CT scan, cardiac scintigraphy, kana kunyange MRI.

Electrocardiogram. Uyu muedzo unokubvumira kuti uongorore kushanda kwemagetsi emwoyo.

Electrocardiogramme d'effort. Uyu muedzo unoita kuti zvikwanise kuongorora kushanda kwemagetsi emwoyo panguva yekushanda kwemuviri.

Chiremba wekuSouth Africa wemuzana ramakore rechi20 Christiaan Barnard ane mukurumbira nekuita kurapa kwemoyo kwekutanga kwakabudirira. Muna 1967, akatamisa mwoyo kubva kumukadzi wechidiki akafa mutsaona yemotokari kune murume ane chirwere chemwoyo. Murwere uyu achararama mushure mekuvhiyiwa asi anozobatwa nemabayo kwapera mazuva gumi nemasere (18). Kubvira uku kuisirwa kunobudirira kwokutanga, kufambira mberi mune zvokurapa kwakapfuurira sezvinopupurirwa nenzvero dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi dzokuisira kubva kumwoyo wakagadzirwa.