marmalade

Inonaka, yakanaka uye ine hutano. Zvose izvi zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro pekudya kunoda kwevana nevakuru - marmalade. Kutapira uku ndechimwe chezvishoma izvo vanachiremba vanokurudzira kudya. Zvisinei, zvakarurama chete, kureva, chigadzirwa chechisikigo, chinogona kuunza zvikomborero. Chii chiri kushandiswa kwayo, uye kukuvadza kwainogona kukonzera kumunhu, isu tichanzwisisa zvakadzama.

Nyaya

Zvinotendwa kuti nzvimbo yekuzvarwa kwemarmalade iAsia Minor, kubva kwayakaunzwa nevaEurope mushure meHondo dzechiKristu. Mumazuva iwayo, kuchengetedza goho kuMiddle East uye Eastern Mediterranean, muchero wakakohwewa waibikirwa kusvika kune dense senge gel.

Zita rokuti "marmalade" muchiFrench rinoreva "quince marshmallow". Chirungu chinodaidza izwi iri kuti jamu rakagadzirwa kubva kumaorenji kana mimwe michero yemaranjisi, uye maGerman - chero jamu kana jamu. ^[1]. MuRussia, inotapira iyi yakawana zita rekuti "fruit jelly".

Product Varieties

Kune akati wandei epamutemo kupatsanura marmalade. Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, akaumbwa, akaturikidzana uye akachekwa zvigadzirwa zvinosiyaniswa. Zvichienderana nemaitiro etekinoroji uye maitiro eiyo resipi, marmalade yakakamurwa kuita isina kupenya, yakapenya, yakanatswa, yakasaswa (shuga, cocoa poda, kokonati flakes), yakafukidzwa, ine inclusions, inopenya, yakawanda-layered.

Marmalade, zvichienderana neiyo gelling chikamu pahwaro hwayo inogadzirwa, inokamurwa kuita muchero (zvichienderana neakasikwa gelling factor), jelly-muchero (zvichibva pane yakasanganiswa yakasikwa gelling chikamu uye gelling agent) uye jelly kana chewy (yakavakirwa. pane gelling agent). Agar-agar, pectin kana gelatin inogona kuita senge gelling factor.

Gummy marmalade

Mhando yekutsenga yekunaka munyika yedu yakaonekwa nguva pfupi yadarika, muma90s. ^[2]. Yakabva yawana mukurumbira mukuru pakati pevana nevakuru, sezvo iine mabhenefiti akawanda pane mamwe marudzi emarmalade. Chekutanga chazvo ndechekuti haina kunyungudika uye haina kunamatira pamaoko, saka zviri nyore kune snack inotapira. Rubatsiro rwechipiri rwekucheka (jelly) marmalade ndiyo yakaderera calorie, uye chechitatu "hupenyu hurefu". Kune marudzi mazhinji emhando iyi yekudya nhasi. Iyi pfungwa inoshandiswa zvinobudirira kunyange nevagadziri vevhitamini uye mineral complexes yevana.

Mukugadzirwa kwejelly sweets, kuwedzera kune zvigadzirwa zvemichero, gelatin, pectin, molasses uye wax-ne-fat musanganiswa inoshandiswa. Izvi zvikamu zvinopa marmalade ine glossy pamusoro uye elasticity. Wakisi inodzivirira kunamatira kwenhamba yega, inochenesa mazino uye mucosa yemumuromo zvakanaka, uye inoauraya. Inogona kushandiswa pane kutsenga chingamu.

Kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa

Marmalade ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana. ^[3]:

• gelling mumiririri: agar-agar (0,8-1%), gelatin, pectin (1-1,5%), carrageenan, agaroid, furcellaran kana vamwe) ^[4];
• shuga (50-60%), molasses (20-25%), shuga-molasses sirasi, fructose;
• michero uye / kana muto wemiriwo kana purees;
• zvokudya zvinowedzera (acidifiers, flavour, stabilizers, emulsifiers, dhayi) ^[5].

Nekuda kwezvinhu izvi, marmalade ine akasiyana makemikari emakemikari uye zvinhu: makabhohaidhiretsi, organic acids, zvicherwa (calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium), mavitamini (ascorbic uye nicotinic acids, B mavhitaminzi).

michero pectin

Pectin inonzi polysaccharide, kureva kuti, makabhohaidhiretsi akaomesesa ayo ari mumvura-inonyungudika chirimwa fiber. Iyo ine pfuma yekuomesa mvura, ichishanduka kuita gel munzvimbo yemvura. Nokudaro, pectin inochengetedza unyoro, uye pamwe nayo zvimwe zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa mumvura. Pectin ndiyo hwaro (hwaro) hwemhando yepamusoro marmalade.

Jelly

Agar-agar igelling agent yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune brown uye red algae. Iyo ine kugona kushambadza mvura, ichiwedzera zvakanyanya muhuwandu. Panguva imwecheteyo, agar haina mafuta, saka zvigadzirwa zve confectionery zvinobva pairi zvinogona kudyiwa kunyange nevaya vari pakudya. ^[6].

gelatin

Gelatin inoshandiswa seyakakurumbira uye isingadhuri gelling chikamu chekugadzira marmalade. Gelatin igelling agent yemhuka yakabva. Yakagadzirwa kubva kumagetsi anobatanidza (cartilage, ligaments, tendon) uye ganda remhuka dzinouraya. Gelatin ine makabhohaidhiretsi uye amino acids, saka ine yakakwirira calorie kugutsikana kupfuura mamwe gelling agents. ^[7].

Nutritional Supplements

Natural marmalade mukuumbwa kwayo haina chero chekuwedzera chekudya - kana flavour kana dhayi. Ruvara uye kunhuhwirira kwechigadzirwa kunokonzerwa nechibereko chayo chechisikigo kana berry kuumbwa. "Artificial" marmalade ine makemikari, kusanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya E-additives - stabilizers, emulsifiers, preservatives, antioxidants, dyes, flavour. Ruvara rwakajeka, kunhuhwirira kwakapfuma uye hupenyu hurefu hwesherufu ndiyo zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekuti marmalade ndeye "artificial". Iyo yakawanda "E" muchigadzirwa, iyo shoma inobatsira iyo inounza kumuviri.

Marmalade ndeye yakakwira-calorie confectionery chigadzirwa. Koriori yaro inoenderana nehuwandu hweshuga uye rudzi rwe gelling chikamu mukuumbwa kwayo uye inogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya - kubva 275 kusvika 360 kcal pa100 g. ^[8].

Kugadzira tekinoroji

Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti marmalade chigadzirwa chinobatsira, unofanirwa kujairana nemaitiro ekugadzira kwayo. Iyo tekinoroji maitiro ekugadzira masiwiti echisikigo zvinoenderana nerudzi rwayo uye resipi. ^[9]. Iyo yakareruka tekinoroji chirongwa chekugadzira muchero kana muchero-jelly inonaka inogona kumiririrwa sematanho akati wandei anotevedzana:

1. Kugadzirira kwemichero uye berry raw materials.
2. Kunyura gelling zvikamu.
3. Kugadzirira kwechigadziko chinotapira (kubva kune shuga, fructose, molasses uye mamwe mashuga).
4. Kufashaidza muchero (berry) mass with soaked jelly-forming component uye sugar base.
5. Kutonhodza jelly mass uye kuidururira mu molds.
6. Kuomesa, kucheka, kumwaya zvigadzirwa.
7. Kurongedza uye kurongedza zvigadzirwa ^[10].

Chewing marmalade inogadzirirwa maererano nekagadziridzwa tekinoroji. Chigadzirwa chejelly chinodururwa mumhando dzakaumbwa dzakazadzwa nechibage starch. Mushure mokudururira marmalade muzviumbwa, zvinotonhodzwa kwezuva rimwe chete, uye zvobva zvabviswa kubva pazviumbwa uye zvakanyungudutswa. Mushure mekuchenesa kubva kune starch, zvigadzirwa zvakafungidzirwa zvinotumirwa kune dhiramu, kwavanobatwa nemafuta echisikigo kuti vape kupenya.

Maitiro ekugadzira "artificial" marmalade anosiyana zvishoma kubva kune tekinoroji yakajairika yekugadzira masiwiti kubva kune zvakasikwa zvigadzirwa, kunze kwekutanga nhanho. Zvibereko zvechisikigo uye ma berries muchigadzirwa chakadaro zvinotsiviwa nezvokudya zvinovaka muviri.

Zvinobatsira Zvivakwa

Chete chepanyama marmalade chinogona kuratidza zvinobatsira zvinhu zvemuviri wemunhu. Zvikamu zvaro zvechisikigo zvinobata muviri wega, uye zvakare zvinogonesa zviito zveumwe neumwe.

Yepamusoro-mhando marmalade kubva kune zvakasikwa zvigadzirwa:

• inomutsa intestinal motility, iyo inobvisa kuvimbiswa;
• inotora chepfu, radionuclides, munyu wesimbi inorema, mafuta uye inoabvisa kubva mumuviri ^[6];
• inodzivirira kubatwa kwecholesterol, kudzivirira kukura kweatherosclerosis;
• inovandudza kushanda kwechiropa uye pancreas;
• inodzorera chimiro cheganda, bvudzi, misumari ^[7];
• inozadza muviri nemavhitamini PP uye C;
• inoderedza kudya, saka inogona kushandiswa kune snack;
• inovandudza kushanda kwehuropi;
• ane zvishoma antidepressant effect;
• inobvisa zviratidzo zve hangover zvishoma.

Kana marmalade yakagadzirirwa pahwaro hweagar-agar, inogonawo kushanda senzvimbo yeiodine yemuviri, uye kana yakavakirwa pafructose panzvimbo yeshuga, inogona kunge iri chigadzirwa cheshuga. ^[11]. Kugara kudyiwa kwemhando yepamusoro marmalade muhuwandu hushoma kunobatsira kuburitsa matumbu, uye zvakare kunojairisa metabolism mumuviri.

Muhuwandu hushoma, marmalade echisikigo anogona kuverengerwa mukudya kwevanhu pakudya (kunze kweiyo isina carbohydrate). Zvinonyanya kunaka kuishandisa sechikafu kana kunzwa nzara kusingatsungirike. Paunenge uchishandisa marmalade panguva yekudya, inofanira kuyeukwa kuti iyo yakawanda yezvakanaka zvinogona kudyiwa mukati mezuva haifanire kudarika 50 g.

Zvinogona kukuvadza

Pasinei nekuwanda kwezvinhu zvinobatsira, marmalade inogona kuramba ichikuvadza. Chokutanga pane zvose, inobata huwandu hwehuga huri mairi. Iyo yakakwira carbohydrate yemukati yemarmalade yakaipa kune vane chirwere cheshuga. Kazhinji uye muhuwandu hukuru haigoni kupedzwa kunyange nevanhu vane hutano nevana: glucose inoparadza mazino enamel uye inowedzera mutoro pane pancreas.

Mamiriro acho akasiyana ne "artificial" marmalade. Iine zvekuwedzera zvekudya zvinokuvadza munhu wese, uye zvakatonyanya kuvana, vanorwara neallergies uye asthmatics. Hazvibviri kufanotaura kuti izvi kana izvo zvinowedzera zvinokanganisa sei muviri, saka zviri nani kuramba "artificial" kubata. Kemikari chikafu chekuwedzera chinogona kuwedzerwa kune marmalade chinokanganisa muviri wemunhu nenzira dzakasiyana. ^[5]:

• kukonzera kutaridzika kwe hyperergic reactions (kuputika, kuputika, kuzvimba, kurwisa kweasthma);
• kukonzera kukanganisa kwekudya (kusvotwa, kurutsa, kurema mudumbu, manyoka);
• kuwedzera weti;
• kukanganisa kushanda kwemwoyo;
• kuomesa basa reuropi;
• kubatsira mukushandurwa kwemasero ehutachiona;
• vane carcinogenic effect.

Kuti urege kukuvadza kubva pakunaka kunonaka, unofanirwa kuchenjerera paunenge uchitenga chigadzirwa ichi. Sarudzo yakanakisa ndeyekugadzira yakasikwa marmalade uri wega.

Maitiro ekusarudza

Paunosarudza marmalade muchitoro, unofanirwa kuterera kune mamiriro ekurongedza, iyo label uye kutaridzika kwezvigadzirwa. ^[12]. Zviri nani kupa sarudzo kune marmalade mune imwe neimwe yakajeka kurongedza: zviri nyore kuti uzive kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa, mugadziri, zuva rekupera, uye zvakare kuongorora kutaridzika kwayo. Iyo yekurongedza inofanira kunge yakachena, yakasimba, yakavharwa.

Iyo package inofanirwa kunge iine label ine ruzivo rwakazara nezve chigadzirwa (kuumbwa, mamiriro uye hupenyu hwesherufu) uye mugadziri wayo.

Izvo zvinodikanwa zvakare kutarisisa kune mamwe organoleptic maitiro e delicacy:

1. Chimiro. Zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kuve zvechimiro chimwe chete, pasina zvisaririra zvecaking, deformation kana kunyungudika. Mune maonero e-multilayer, zvidimbu zvose zvinofanira kuonekwa zvakajeka.
2. Color. Zviri nani kutenga chigadzirwa chine mavara ane mwero kana kunyange akacheneruka.
3. Surface. Kuonekwa kwepamusoro pechigadzirwa kunofanira kuenderana nechitarisiko chavo. Kana iri gummies, pamusoro payo panofanira kunge paine glossy. Kana ichi chiri chigadzirwa nekusaswa, kusaswa kunofanira kunamatira kumusoro kwayo.
4. Kuenderana. Kana iyo yekuputira ichibvumira, iwe unogona kubata marmalade kuburikidza nayo: inofanira kunge yakapfava, asi elastic, mushure mekudzvanya iyo inofanira kudzorera chimiro chayo.

Iwe unofanirwawo kuterera kune kuchengetedza mamiriro ezvinotapira. Kupisa kwayo kwekuchengetedza hakufaniri kudarika 18 ° C, uye hunyoro hwemhepo haifaniri kudarika 80%. Mabhokisi e marmalade haafanire kuratidzwa kune zuva rakananga. Hazvibvumirwi kuisa mushonga pedyo nemvura yakanyorova kana yakasimba-inonhuwa (hove, zvinonhuwira).

Usati watenga, unofanirwa kutarisa mazuva ekupera. Marmalade akaturikidzana uye yakagadzirwa pahwaro hwepectin uye agar-agar inochengetwa isingapfuuri mwedzi mitatu. Kana marmalade ine agaroid uye furcellaran, hupenyu hwayo hwepasherufu hahupfuuri mwedzi 3. Muchiitiko chekutyora kwemamiriro ekuchengetedza, hupenyu hwesherufu hwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.

Kubika sei

Kuita kuti chikafu chive chitsva uye chine hutano, unogona kuzvibika iwe kumba. Hazvina kuoma kuzvibika, nepo mukadzi wega wega wemba anogona kuita shanduko kune chero resipi kune kuravira kwake.

lemon marmalade

Kuti uigadzirire, iwe uchada mvura (2 l), 4 marimu uye shuga (4 makapu). Maremoni anofanira kuchekwa kuita zvidimbu uye mhodzi dzobviswa pazviri. Muchiitiko ichi, mbeu dzinoda kuputirwa mu gauze: dzichauya zvakanaka. Lemon inoiswa muhari, yakafukidzwa neshuga, mbeu inoiswa mu gauze uye inodururwa nemvura. Isiye kwezuva pane imwe tembiricha.

Kwapera zuva, pani inoiswa pamoto uye yakabikwa mushure mekubikira pamusoro pekupisa kwakaderera kwemaminitsi makumi mashanu. Furo rinoonekwa pamusoro rinofanira kubviswa nguva dzose. Marmalade inoonekwa seyakagadzirira kana donhwe remusanganiswa rinosimba pandiro inotonhora. Dururira muforoma, inotonhorera.

raspberry kubata

Kune iyi marmalade, tinotora 1,5 kg yeshuga uye raspberries. Soka chipunu chegelatin mumvura. Raspberries inofanira kutanga kuurayiwa ne blender uye kukwizwa kuburikidza nesefa yakanaka kuti ibvise mbeu. Raspberry puree inotamirwa kumucheka, gelatin inowedzerwa, inounzwa kumota, yozosanganiswa neshuga uye yakabikwa, ichikurudzira nguva dzose, kusvikira yakasvibiswa. Chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chinodururwa mumudziyo. Mushure mekutonhora, cheka uye usasa neshuga yehupfu.

Nhasi, marmalade inotengeswa mune yega pastry shopu. Paunenge uchiitenga, iwe unofanirwa kupa zvaunofarira kwete kumutengo kana kupenya kutaridzika, asi kune yakasarudzika vhezheni yechigadzirwa. Ichi chikafu chine hutano uye chinonaka chiri nyore kugadzira kumba. Zvadaro zvichavimbiswa zvakasikwa. Tenga kana kubika - zviri kune zino rinotapira kusarudza. Chinhu chikuru hachisi kushandisa zvisizvo kuwanda kwayo: panzvimbo yekubatsira, marmalade inogona kukuvadza.

Zvitubu zve