Melanoleuca verrucipes (Melanoleuca verrucipes) mufananidzo uye tsananguro

Melanoleuca warty-makumbo (Melanoleuca verrucipes)

• Mastoleucomyces verrucipes (Fr.) Kunze
• Melanoleuca verrucipes f. vachibvumirana (P.Karst.) Fontenla & Para
• Melanoleuca verrucipes var. subvert Raithelh.
• Melanoleuca verrucipes var. uchawana goosebumps
• Tricholoma verrucipes (Fr.) Bres.

Musoro wazvino: Melanoleuca verrucipes (Fr.) Muimbi

taxonomic nhoroondo

Iyi "Warty Cavalier" yakatsanangurwa muna 1874 neSweden mycologist Elias Magnus Fries, uyo akazvipa zita rekuti Agaricus verrucipes. Zita rayo rinogamuchirwa resainzi, Melanoleuca verrucipes, rakatanga kudhindwa naRolf Singer muna 1939.

Mabviro

Zita rezita rokuti Melanoleuca rinobva pamazwi echinyakare anonzi melas anoreva dema uye leucos zvichireva chena. No Warty Cavalier ndeyechokwadi dema uye chena, asi mazhinji ane macaps ane akasiyana siyana ebrown pamusoro uye machena mahwendefa pasi.

Iyo chaiyo epithet verrucipes chaizvoizvo inoreva "ine warty tsoka" - "ine warty tsoka, tsoka", uye shoko rokuti "tsoka", zvechokwadi, rinoreva "gumbo", kana zvasvika fungus.

Kazhinji tsananguro yeMelanoleuca kune mhuka inotyisa. Melanoleuca verrucipes inosarudzika inonakidza, imwe yemhando shoma dzemelaneuca dzinogona kuzivikanwa nema macro-maficha pasina kunyura mumasango emicroscope.

Iyo melanoleuca verrucous peduncle inosiyana kubva kune vamwe vayo nemwenje, inenge dzinde jena rakafukidzwa nediki, asi rinonyatso oneka rima rakasvibira kana kunyange dema makwande, akafanana ne scabs kana warts.

Musoro: 3-7 masendimita muhupamhi (dzimwe nguva kusvika 10 cm), kubva kuchena kusvika kukirimu nepakati peruvara rwebrown, chivharo chinotanga chakaita convex uye chobva chapwanyika, nguva dzose nediki diki tubercle, muhowa hukuru hwakatambanudzwa kana hunenge hwakatsetseka. , yakaoma, mhanza, yakatsetseka, dzimwe nguva ine makwapa akatsetseka. Ruvara rwakachena, ruchena, kazhinji rune nzvimbo yakasviba pakati. Nyama yekapu yakatetepa, chena kusvika kucheneruka kwazvo.

mahwendefa: inonamatira zvakanyanya, kazhinji, ine mahwendefa akawanda. Ruvara rwemahwendefa machena, akacheneruka akachena, achiva brownish nezera.

gumbo: kureba 4-5 cm uye ukobvu 0,5-1 cm (kune mienzaniso ine hunde kusvika 6 cm kureba uye kusvika 2 cm gobvu). Goroti ine gasi rakazvimba zvishoma. Dry, white under dark brown kusvika kune dzinenge dzvuku scabs. Iko hakuna mhete kana annular zone. Nyama iri mugumbo yakaoma, ine fibrous.

Pulp: chena, chena, yakasvibirira mumienzaniso yakakura, haichinji ruvara kana yakuvadzwa.

Futa: zvishoma mushroomy, zvishoma anise kana almond kunhuhwirira kunobvira. Vanonyora pamusoro pemumvuri wekunhuhwirira, maererano nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana: maarmond anovava, cheese crust, pamwe chete nefurawa, fruity. Kana: yakasviba, aniseed, dzimwe nguva peary, inogona kunge isingafadzi mumienzaniso yakakura.

manakiro: yakapfava, isina zvinhu.

spore powder: white to pale cream.

Microscopic maitiro:

Spores 7–10 x 3–4,5 µm kureba ellipsoid, ine amyloid warts isingasviki 0,5 µm kureba.

Basidia 4-spore.

Cheilocystidia haina kuwanikwa.

Pleurocystidia 50–65 x 5–7,5 µm, fusiform ine nhete yakapinza apex uye imwe septum, nhete-madziro, hyaline muKOH, apex dzimwe nguva yakavharwa nemakristasi.

Iyo tramu yeplate ndeye subparallel.

Pileipellis chichekwa chezvikamu 2,5–7,5 µm paupamhi, septate, hyaline muKOH, chakatsetseka; masero ekupedzisira anowanzo mira, cylindrical, ane apices akatenderedzwa.

Zvisungo zvakabatanidzwa hazvina kuwanikwa.

Saprophyte, inokura imwe kana mumapoka madiki muvhu kana machipisi ehuni, muvhu rakapfuma muvhu nemafuro ane mashizha nemarara euswa, machipisi ehuni kana mirwi yemakompositi emugadheni.

Melanoleuca verruciforma inoitika kubva muchirimo kusvika matsutso, fruiting peaks mukupera kwezhizha uye matsutso.

Inowanikwa kwese, kashoma.

Kuchamhembe nemakomo eEurope, inowanzoitika munzvimbo dzine uswa, asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope inowanzowanikwa munzvimbo dzepasi - mapaki, lawn, mativi. KuNorth America, inoitika muPacific Northwest uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva neMid-Atlantic nyika, pahuni uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakashongedzwa, kana mumigero ine huswa uye mumigwagwa.

Zvinogoneka zvikuru kuti kuparadzirwa kwepasi rose kwemhando iyi kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwekuendeswa kune dzimwe nyika zvirimwa zvehari, mupfudze, uye woodchip garden mulch.

Mazhinji howa kubva kurudzi rweMelanoleuca anoonekwa seanodyiwa, asi kuravira kwavo, kutaura chokwadi, ndiko-saizvozvo. Zvichida ndicho chikonzero nei vatungamiriri vazhinji vekuEurope vachianyora se "Isingagoneki", ine zvinyorwa muchimiro chekuti "sezvo mhando dzehowa idzi dzinozivikanwa zvakanyanya kunetsa kuziva, isu tinokurudzira kuti dzionekwe sedzinonyumwira, uye kwete kuunganidzwa sekudya."

Nekudaro, zvakange zvisingaite kuwana data pamusoro pehupfu hweMelanoleuca warty-makumbo. Tichaisa mhuka iyi mu "Inedible", uye kwete nekuda kwe reinsurance, asi nekuda kwekushayikwa kweMelanoleuca verrucipes munharaunda yeyaimbova USSR. Usazvidye, zviri nani tora akawanda akanaka mafoto sezvinobvira.

Melanoleuca dema uye chena (Melanoleuca melaleuca)

Macroscopically inogona kunge yakafanana, asi haina hunhu dema dema zviyero pahunde.

• Agaricus akabvuma P.Karst.
• Agaricus verrucipes (Fr.) Fr.
• Armillaria verrucipes Fr.
• Ini ndinobvumirana naClitocybes P.Karst.
• Clitocybe inoputika P.Karst.
• Clitocybe verrucipes (Fr.) Maire
• Gyrophila verrucipes (Chii.) Chii.

Mufananidzo: Vyacheslav.