Kubva pakuyaruka kusvika pakuguma kuenda kumwedzi, maovari ndiyo nzvimbo yenguva nenguva. Danho rekutanga rekuenda kumwedzi uku, follicular phase inoenderana nekukura kweovarian follicle iyo, panguva yekubuda, inoburitsa oocyte yakagadzirira kuiswa. Mahomoni maviri, LH neFSH, akakosha kune iyi follicular phase.

Musikana mudiki wega wega anozvarwa aine, mumazai, ane mazana ezviuru mazana anonzi anonzi primordial follicles, rimwe nerimwe rine oocyte. Mazuva makumi maviri nemasere ega ega, kubva pakuyaruka kusvika kumwedzi, kutenderera kweovarian kunoitika nekuburitswa kweoocyte - ovulation - neimwe yemaovari maviri.

Iyi nguva yekuenda kumwedzi inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu zvakasiyana:

• chikamu che follicular;
• l'ovulation;
• luteal phase, kana post-ovulatory phase.

Iyo follicular phase inotanga pazuva rekutanga rekuenda kumwedzi uye inopera panguva yekubuda, uye saka inotora avhareji yemazuva gumi nemana (pamusoro pemazuva makumi maviri nemasere). Iyo inoenderana neiyo follicular maturation phase, panguva iyo imwe nhamba yeprimordial follicles inozoitwa uye kutanga iwo maturation. Iyi folliculogenesis inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri zvikuru:

• kutorwa kwekutanga kwefollicles: imwe nhamba yemaprimordial follicles (anenge zviuru makumi maviri neshanu zvemillimita mudhayamita) ichakura kusvika padanho repamusoro pefollicles (kana anthrax);
• kukura kweiyo antral follicles kune pre-ovulatory follicle: imwe yeantral follicles ichabvisa kubva kuboka uye inoramba ichikura, asi mamwe acho anobviswa. Iyi inonzi dominant follicle inosvika pachinhanho che pre-ovulatory follicle, kana De Graaf follicle iyo, panguva yekuzadza, inoburitsa oocyte.

Munguva yefollicle phase, mukadzi haanzwi chero zviratidzo, kunze kwekutanga kwekuenda kumwedzi kunotangisa kutanga kweiyo ovarian cycle kutsva nekudaro kutanga kwefollicular phase.

Ma "conductors" eiyi ovarian cycle mahomoni akasiyana anobudiswa ne hypothalamus uye pituitary gland, glands mbiri dziri pasi peuropi.

• iyo hypothalamus inobudisa neurohormone, GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) inonziwo LH-RH, iyo ichaita kuti pituitary gland;
• mukupindura, pituitary gland inobudisa FSH, kana follicular stimulating hormone, iyo ichaita kuti iite imwe nhamba yekutanga follicles iyo inobva yapinda mukukura;
• aya mafollicles anozoita secrete estrogen iyo inozoita gobvu mutsara wechibereko kuitira kugadzirira chibereko kuti chigamuchire zai rinogoneka;
• apo iyo inotonga pre-ovulatory follicle inosarudzwa, estrogen secretion inowedzera zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kuvhiya kweLH (luteinizing hormone). Pasi pekuita kweLH, kushushikana kwemvura mukati me follicle kunowedzera. Iyo follicle inopedzisira yatyora uye inoburitsa oocyte yayo. Ndiyo ovulation.

Pasina chikamu chefollicular, zvechokwadi hapana ovulation. Izvi zvinonzi anovulation (kusavapo kweovulation) kana dysovulation (ovulation disorders), zvose zvinoguma nekusavapo kwekugadzirwa kweoocyte inobereka, uye naizvozvo kushaya mbereko. Zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinogona kuva pamavambo:

• dambudziko nepituitary kana hypothalamus (hypogonadism ye "high" origin), iyo inokonzera kusavapo kana kusakwana kwehomoni secretion. Kunyanya kubuda kweprolactin (hyperprolactinemia) ndicho chikonzero chinowanzokonzera kusashanda uku. Inogona kukonzerwa nepituitary adenoma (bundu risina kunaka repituitary gland), kunwa mamwe madhiragi (neuroleptics, antidepressants, morphine…) kana zvimwe zvirwere (chronic renal failure, hyperthyroidism,…). Kunyanya kushushikana, kuvhunduka kwemanzwiro, kurasikirwa kukuru kwehuremu kunogonawo kukanganisa kushanda kwakakodzera kweiyi hypathalamic-pituitary axis uye kutungamirira kune kuputika kwenguva pfupi;
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), kana kuti ovarian dystrophy, ndicho chikonzero chinowanzokonzera kukanganisa ovulation. Nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwehomoni, nhamba isina kujairika yefollicles inoungana uye hapana kana imwe yadzo inosvika pakuzara kwakazara.
• ovarian dysfunction (kana hypogonadism ye "yakaderera" mavambo) congenital (nekuda kwechromosomal abnormality, Turner syndrome somuenzaniso) kana kuwanikwa (kutevera chemotherapy kurapwa kana kuvhiyiwa);
• kutanga kuenda kumwedzi, nekuchembera kusati kwasvika kweiyoocyte reserve. Genetic kana immune immune zvikonzero zvinogona kunge zviri pamavambo echiitiko ichi.

Mukuvapo kweanovulation kana dysovulation, kurapwa kwekukurudzira ovarian kunogona kupiwa kumurwere. Kurapa uku kunosanganisira kukurudzira kukura kweimwe kana kupfuura follicles. Maprotocol akasiyana aripo. Vamwe vanoshandisa clomiphene citrate, antiestrogen inotorwa nemuromo inonyengedza uropi kuti ufunge kuti estradiol level yakaderera, zvichiita kuti ibudise FSH kuitira kuti iite follicles. Vamwe vanoshandisa gonadotropins, injectable gadziriro ine FSH uye / kana LH iyo inotsigira kukura kwefollicles. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, muprotocol, murwere anogara achiteverwa nekutariswa kunosanganisira kuongororwa ropa kuyera mazinga ehomoni uye ultrasound scans kudzora nhamba uye kukura kwefollicles. Kana mafollicles aya agadzirira, ovulation inokonzerwa nejekiseni reHCG.