Rubatsiro rwepfungwa runotora basa rei muhupenyu hwedu? Nei vanhu vakawanda kudaro vachitya kurapwa? Ndeipi mitemo, zvirambidzo, zvinokurudzira zvinotonga basa re psychotherapist?
Ngatitangei kubva pakutanga. Ndinoziva sei kana ndichida rubatsiro rwe psychotherapist?
Anna Varga, Systemic Family Therapist: Chiratidzo chekutanga chekuti rubatsiro rwechiremba wepfungwa runodiwa kutambura kwepfungwa, kusuruvara, manzwiro ekusagadzikana apo munhu anoziva kuti hama dzake uye vaanozivana navo havamupi mazano akakodzera.
Kana kuti anotenda kuti haakwanise kukurukura manzwiro ake navo - ipapo anofanira kuedza kutsvaga chiremba wake wepfungwa uye kutaura naye nezve zvaakasangana nazvo.
Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti nyanzvi yavanozoshanda nayo ichapinda munzvimbo yavo yega. Ungatsanangura sei kuti iyi betsero, uye kwete kungokurukura kunorwadza kwezvinetso?
Kana kuti murapi wepfungwa anoda kuziva… Unoona, kune rumwe rutivi, maonero aya anopa mbiri kuna chiremba wepfungwa: anoratidza kuti murapi wepfungwa imwe rudzi rwechisikwa chine simba chinogona kupinda mumusoro memumwe munhu. Zvakanaka, hongu, asi hazvisi.
Kune rumwe rutivi, hapana zvakakosha zvemukati mekuziva kwako - iyo iri "pamasherufu" mumusoro mako, kuseri kwegonhi rakavharwa, uye iyo murapi aigona kuona. Izvi zvinyorwa hazvigone kuonekwa kubva kunze kana, nenzira, kubva mukati.
Ndicho chikonzero vanhu vanotarisana nezvinetso zvepfungwa vanoda interlocutor.
Zvepfungwa zviri mukati zvinoumbwa, zvakarongwa uye zvinova pachena kwatiri (zvese padanho renjere uye manzwiro) chete panguva yekukurukurirana. Izvi ndizvo zvatiri.
Ndiko kuti, isu hatizvizivi isu, uye saka hapana psychotherapist inogona kupinda ...
…Hongu, kupinda mune zvatisingazivi isu pachedu. Kusuwa kwedu kunova pachena kwatiri (uye nokudaro isu tinogona neimwe nzira kushanda navo uye kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo) mukuita hurukuro, patinogadzira, kugamuchira mhinduro, uye kufunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu pamwechete kubva kumativi akasiyana.
Kusuruvara kunowanzovapo kwete mumashoko, kwete mukunzwa, asi mumhando yerima remanzwiro ekutanga, mafungiro ekutanga. Kureva kuti, kusvika pamwero wakati, inoramba ichiri chakavanzika.
Pane kumwe kutya: ko kana psychotherapist akandishora - akati handizivi kuti ndingazvibata sei kana kuita sarudzo?
Murapi anogara ari parutivi rwemutengi. Anoshandira mutengi, kuti amubatsire. Mumwe akadzidza psychotherapist (uye kwete munhu akatora pane imwe nzvimbo, akazviti psychotherapist ndokuenda kubasa) anonyatsoziva kuti kutongerwa hakumbobatsiri chero munhu, hapana pfungwa yekurapa mairi.
Kana iwe wakaita chimwe chinhu chaunonyatsodemba, zvinoreva kuti iwe wakapona panguva iyoyo zvakanyanya, uye hapana ane kodzero yekukutonga iwe.
"Murapi akadzidza": chii chaunoisa mairi? Dzidzo ndeyedzidzo uye inoshanda. Iwe unofunga kuti chii chinonyanya kukosha kumurapi?
Maonero angu pano haana basa zvachose: akanyatsodzidza psychotherapist inyanzvi inosangana nemamwe maitiro.
Hatibvunze kuti nyanzvi yemasvomhu yakanyatso dzidza chii! Isu tinonzwisisa kuti anofanira kunge aine dzidzo yepamusoro yemasvomhu, uye munhu wese anobvunza mubvunzo uyu nyanzvi dzepfungwa uye psychotherapists.
Isu tinowanzo kubvunza mubvunzo uyu nezvevanachiremba: anogona kunge aine dhigirii rechiremba, asi isu hatizoendi kwaari kuti arapwe.
Hongu ichokwadi. Ko iyo inowanzo gamuchirwa dzidzo yekubatsira psychologist, psychotherapist inotaridzika sei? Iyi ndiyo dzidziso yekutanga yepfungwa, yekurapa kana diploma yesocial worker.
Dzidzo yekutanga inofunga kuti mudzidzi awana ruzivo rwekutanga nezve psychology yemunhu mune zvese: nezve epamusoro mabasa epfungwa, ndangariro, kutarisa, kufunga, mapoka emagariro.
Ipapo dzidzo yakakosha inotanga, mukati mehurongwa hwavanodzidzisa chaizvo basa rekubatsira: marongedzerwe ekusashanda zvakanaka kwevanhu uye ndedzipi nzira uye nzira dzinogona kutamiswa nadzo kusashanda uku kumamiriro ekushanda.
Pane nguva muhupenyu hwemunhu kana mhuri pavanenge vari pathologies, uye pane dzimwe nguva pavanoshanda zvakakwana. Nokudaro, pfungwa ye pathology uye tsika haishande.
Uye pane imwe pfungwa yakakosha apo nyanzvi yekubatsira inozvigadzirira kuita basa reunyanzvi.
Uku ndiko kurapwa kwaanofanira kuitwa. Pasina iyo, haagoni kushanda zvinobudirira. Sei nyanzvi ichida kurapwa yega? Kuti iye, kutanga, anzwisise kuti mutengi akaita sei, uye chechipiri, kugamuchira rubatsiro, kubvuma, iyo inonyanya kukosha.
Vadzidzi vazhinji vepfungwa dzepfungwa vanotenda kuti, kana vatanga muitiro, vanozobatsira zvine simba uye kuponesa munhu wese. Asi kana munhu asingazivi kutora, kugamuchira, kukumbira rubatsiro, haazokwanisi kubatsira chero munhu. Kupa nekutora mativi maviri emari imwe chete.
Mukuwedzera, anofanira kurapwa pachake mukugadzirisa kwepfungwa: "kuna chiremba, zvipore." Bvisa matambudziko ako emunhu wese, iwo matambudziko anogona kukanganisa kubatsira mumwe munhu.
Semuenzaniso, mutengi anouya kwauri, uye ane matambudziko akafanana newe. Uchiziva izvi, unova usingabatsiri kune mutengi uyu, nekuti wakanyudzwa munyika yekutambudzika kwako.
Mukuita basa, psychotherapist inosangana nekutambura kutsva, asi iye anotoziva nzira yekubata navo uye kwaanoenda, ane mutariri, munhu anogona kubatsira.
Nzira yekusarudza psychotherapist yako? Ndezvipi zvinodiwa? Rudo rwomunhu oga? Gender sign? Kana kuti zvine musoro here kuswedera kubva kudivi renzira: existential, systemic mhuri kana gestalt therapy? Ko mutengi anotova nemukana wekuongorora marudzi akasiyana ekurapa kana asiri nyanzvi?
Ndinofunga kuti zvose zvinoshanda. Kana iwe uchiziva chimwe chinhu pamusoro pemaitiro epfungwa uye zvichiita sezvine musoro kwauri, tsvaga nyanzvi inozviita. Kana iwe wakasangana nenyanzvi yepfungwa uye pakanga pasina kuvimba, manzwiro ekuti anokunzwisisa, tsvaga mumwe munhu uyo manzwiro akadaro achamuka.
Uye murapi wechirume kana mukadzi… Hongu, kune zvikumbiro zvakadaro, kunyanya mukurapa kwemhuri, kana zvasvika pakusashanda zvakanaka kwepabonde. Murume anogona kuti: "Handingaendi kumukadzi, haazondinzwisisi."
Tomboti ndatopinda mutherapy, yave nenguva ichiitika. Ndinganzwisisa sei kana ndiri kufambira mberi kana, pane kudaro, ndasvika kumagumo? Kana kuti inguva yekupedza kurapwa? Pane nhungamiro dzemukati here?
Iyi inzira yakaoma zvikuru. Mamiriro ekupedza psychotherapy anofanira, muchirevo, kukurukurwa mukuita. Chibvumirano che psychotherapeutic chinopedzwa: nyanzvi yezvepfungwa uye mutengi vanobvumirana pane izvo zvichava mugumisiro wakanaka wekushanda pamwe chete kwavari. Izvi hazvirevi kuti pfungwa yemugumisiro haigoni kuchinja.
Dzimwe nguva chiremba wepfungwa anotaura chimwe chinhu icho vatengi vasingafarire kunzwa.
Semuenzaniso, mhuri inouya nevechiri kuyaruka, uye wechidiki uyu anonzwisisa kuti murapi akasika mamiriro ekukurukurirana ari nyore uye akachengeteka kwaari. Uye anotanga kutaura zvinhu zvisingafadzi kuvabereki vake, zvinogumbura uye zvakaoma kwavari. Vanotanga kutsamwa, vanotenda kuti murapi atsamwisa mwana. Izvi zvakajairika, chinonyanya kukosha kuudza murapi nezvazvo.
Somuenzaniso, ndakanga ndine murume nomudzimai. Mukadzi akanyarara, anozviisa pasi. Panguva yekurapa, akatanga "kusimuka kubva pamabvi ake." Murume wacho akanditsamwira zvikuru: “Chii ichi? Imhaka yako kuti akatanga kunditemera zvimiro! Asi pakupedzisira, rudo rwavainzwa nokuda kwomumwe nomumwe rwakatanga kuwedzera, kudzika, kusagutsikana kwakakurumidza kukurirwa.
Psychotherapy inowanzoita isingafadzi maitiro. Zvinonyanya kudiwa kuti mushure memusangano munhu wacho anosiya ari nani pane zvaakapinda, asi izvi hazvisi nguva dzose. Kana pane kuvimba mune psychotherapist, saka basa remutengi harisi kuvanza kusagutsikana kwake naye, kuora mwoyo, kutsamwa.
The psychotherapist, kune chikamu chake, anofanira kuona zviratidzo zvekusagutsikana kwakavanzika. Somuenzaniso, aigara achiuya kuungano nenguva, uye zvino akatanga kunonoka.
Murapi anofanira kubvunza mutengi uyu mubvunzo: “Chii chandiri kutadza? Ndinotenda kuti sezvo wanonoka, saka, kunze kwechishuwo chekuuya pano, unewo kusada. Zviripachena kuti pane zvirikuitika pakati pedu zvisingakuenderani zvakanaka. Ngationei."
Mutengi ane mutoro haavanze kana chimwe chinhu chisingamukodzeri mukuita kwe psychotherapy, uye zvakananga anoudza murapi nezvazvo.
Imwe nyaya yakakosha itsika muhukama pakati pemurapi nemutengi. Kune avo vari kuenda kumusangano, zvakakosha kufungidzira mukati memiganhu yavanozobatana. Ndedzipi kodzero dzemutengi uye mabasa eiyo psychotherapist?
Ethics yakakomba chaizvo. Iyo psychotherapist ine ruzivo nezve mutengi, iye ane chiremera, akakosha nhamba kune mutengi, uye haagone kushungurudza izvi. Izvo zvakakosha kuchengetedza mutengi kubva mukuzvidira kana kushungurudzwa kushungurudzwa nepsychotherapist.
Chekutanga ndeche kuvanzika. Murapi anoremekedza kuvanzika kwako, kunze kwekunge zvasvika kuhupenyu nerufu. Chechipiri - uye izvi zvakakosha - hapana kupindirana kunze kwemadziro ehofisi.
Ichi chinhu chakakosha uye zvishoma zvakaonekwa. Tinoda kushamwaridzana nemunhu wese, kutaurirana zvisina kurongwa ...
Vatengi vanoda kutipinza muhukama: pamusoro pekuve murapi wangu, uriwo shamwari yangu. Uye izvi zvinoitirwa kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa. Asi kana kutaurirana kunze kwehofisi kunotanga, psychotherapy inopera.
Inomira kushanda nekuti kuonana kwemutengi nemurapi ikudyidzana kwakapusa.
Uye mamwe mafungu ane simba erudo, ushamwari, bonde zvinozvisuka ipapo ipapo. Naizvozvo, haugone kutarisa dzimba dzeumwe neumwe, enda kumakonzati nemitambo pamwe chete.
Imwe nyaya yakakosha zvakanyanya munharaunda yedu. Ngatitii ndanzwisisa kuti shamwari yangu, mukoma, mwanasikana, baba, amai vanoda rubatsiro. Ndinoona kuti vanonzwa zvakaipa, ndinoda kubatsira, ndinovanyengetedza kuti vaende kune psychotherapist, asi havaendi. Chii chandinofanira kuita kana ndichitenda nemwoyo wose mukurapa, asi mudiwa wangu asingatendi mazviri?
Kuyananisa uye kumirira. Kana asingatendi, saka haana kugadzirira kugamuchira rubatsiro urwu. Pane mutemo wakadaro: ndiani ari kutsvaga psychotherapist, anoda rubatsiro. Ngatitii amai vanofunga kuti vana vavo vanoda kurapwa vanogona kunge vari mutengi ivo pachavo.
Iwe unofunga kuti psychotherapy haisati yanyatsozivikanwa munharaunda yedu? Inofanira kusimudzirwa here? Kana kuti zvakakwana here kuti kune psychotherapists, uye chero munhu anovada achawana nzira yake kwavari?
Chinetso ndechekuti hapana chikonzero chekutaura nezve nzanga ine homogeneous. Mamwe madenderedzwa anoziva nezve psychotherapist uye vanoshandisa masevhisi avo. Asi kunewo nhamba huru yevanhu vanotambura mupfungwa uye vanogona kubatsira psychotherapist, asi hapana chavanoziva nezvekurapa. Mhinduro yangu ndeyekuti, hongu, zvakafanira kudzidzisa, kuparadzira uye kutaura.
Kubvunzurudza kwakanyorerwa chirongwa chakabatanidzwa che Psychologies magazini neredhiyo "Culture" "Mamiriro: muhukama" muna Ndira 2017.