Kunyanya kufunga, kupatsanurwa hunhu, rima rakachinja ... Kupatsanurana hunhu inyaya isingapere yevanonakidza, mafirimu anotyisa uye mitambo yepfungwa. Gore rakapera, zvikwangwani zvakabudisa imwe firimu pamusoro peizvi - "Split". Takasarudza kuziva kuti mufananidzo we "cinematic" unoratidza sei zvinoitika mumusoro wevanhu chaivo vane chirwere che "unhu hwakawanda".
Muna 1886, Robert Louis Stevenson akabudisa The Strange Case yaDr. Jekyll naVaHyde. Ne "kukochekera" chikara chakashata mumuviri wemurume anoremekedzwa, Stevenson akakwanisa kuratidza fragility yemafungiro pamusoro pemaitiro aivepo pakati pevenguva yake. Zvakadini kana munhu wose wenyika, nemarererwo ake asina kunaka netsika, akakotsira Hyde yake?
Stevenson akaramba chero kubatana pakati pezviitiko mubasa uye hupenyu chaihwo. Asi mugore iroro, imwe nyaya yakabudiswa nachiremba wepfungwa Frederic Mayer pamusoro pechiitiko che "multiple person", paakataura nyaya yaizivikanwa panguva iyoyo - nyaya yaLuis Vive naFelida Isk. Sangana?
Pfungwa yekugarisana uye kurwira kwevaviri (uye dzimwe nguva zvimwe) kuzivikanwa kwemunhu mumwe yakakwezva vanyori vazhinji. Iyo ine zvese zvaunoda zvekutanga-kirasi mutambo: chakavanzika, kufungidzira, kukakavara, kusingafungidzirwe denouement. Kana iwe ukachera zvakadzika, maitiro akafanana anogona kuwanikwa mutsika dzevanhu - ngano, ngano uye mashura. Kubatwa nedhimoni, vampires, werewolves - zvese izvi zvirongwa zvakabatanidzwa nepfungwa yezvikamu zviviri zvinoedza kudzora muviri.
Mvuri chikamu cheunhu hunorambwa uye kudzvinyirirwa nehunhu pachahwo sehusingadiwi.
Kazhinji kurwisana pakati pavo kunofananidzira kurwisana pakati pe "chiedza" uye "rima" mativi emweya wegamba. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvatinoona mumutsara weGollum / Smeagol kubva kuna Ishe weRings, unhu hunosuruvarisa, hutsika uye mumuviri hunokanganisa nesimba remhete, asi kuchengetedza zvakasara zvevanhu.
Kana tsotsi riri mumusoro: nyaya chaiyo
Vatungamiri vazhinji nevanyori, kuburikidza nemufananidzo weimwe nzira "Ini", vakatsvaga kuratidza izvo Carl Gustav Jung akadana Shadow - chikamu cheunhu hunorambwa uye kudzvinyirirwa nehunhu pachahwo sehusingadiwi. Mumvuri unogona kuuya muhupenyu mukurota uye nekufungidzira, uchitora chimiro chechikara chakashata, dhimoni, kana hama inovengwa.
Jung akaona chimwe chezvinangwa zvekurapa sekubatanidza Mvuri muchimiro chehunhu. Mufirimu "Me, Me Again naIrene" kukunda kwegamba pamusoro pe "yakaipa" yake inova panguva imwechete kukunda pamusoro pekutya kwake uye kusachengeteka.
Mufirimu raAlfred Hitchcock Psycho, maitiro egamba (kana villain) Norman Bates anongofanana nemaitiro evanhu chaivo vane dissociative identity disorder (DID). Iwe unogona kutowana zvinyorwa paInternet apo Norman anoongororwa maererano nemaitiro eInternational Classification of Diseases (ICD-10): kuvapo mumunhu mumwe wevanhu vaviri kana kupfuura vakasiyana, amnesia (munhu mumwe haazive chii mumwe ari kuita paanenge ari muridzi wemuviri) , kuparara kwechirwere ichi kupfuura miganhu yemagariro evanhu netsika, kusikwa kwezvipingamupinyi kuhupenyu huzere hwemunhu. Mukuwedzera, chirwere chakadaro hachiitike semugumisiro wekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvepfungwa uye sechiratidzo chechirwere chepfungwa.
Hitchcock haitarise mukurwadziswa kwemukati megamba, asi pasimba rinoparadza rehukama hwevabereki pavanouya kuzotonga nekuva. Iyo hero inorasikirwa nehondo yekusununguka kwayo uye kodzero yekuda mumwe munhu, chaizvoizvo kutendeuka kuva amai vake, avo vanoparadza zvose zvinogona kumanikidza mufananidzo wake kubva mumusoro wemwanakomana wake.
Mafirimu anoita kuti zvitaridzike sevarwere veDID vangangoita matsotsi. Asi hazvina kudaro
Kunyemwerera pachiso chaNorman mumapfuti ekupedzisira kunoratidzika kunge kunotyisa, nekuti zviri pachena kuti haisi yake: muviri wake unotorwa kubva mukati, uye haana mukana wekudzoreredza rusununguko rwake.
Uye zvakadaro, zvisinei nechirongwa chinobata uye madingindira, mafirimu aya anoshandisa hunhu hwakapatsanurwa chete sechombo chekugadzira nyaya. Somugumisiro, chirwere chaicho chinotanga kubatanidzwa nevatambi vemafirimu vane ngozi uye vasina kugadzikana. Neuroscientist Simone Reinders, dissociative disorder muongorori, ari kunetsekana zvikuru pamusoro pekuti vanhu vangawanei mushure mekuona mafirimu aya.
“Vanoita kunge varwere veDID vangangoita matsotsi. Asi handizvo. Kazhinji kazhinji, vanoedza kuvanza zvinetso zvavo zvendangariro.”
Mamiriro epfungwa anogadzira kupatsanurana akagadzirwa kuti asunungure munhu kushushikana kwakanyanya nekukurumidza. "Tese tine nzira yepasi rose yekuparadzanisa semhinduro kune kushushikana kwakanyanya," anotsanangura kudaro chiremba wepfungwa uye muongorori wepfungwa Yakov Kochetkov. - Kana isu tichitya kwazvo, chikamu chehunhu hwedu - kunyanya, nguva iyo hunhu hwedu - inorasika. Kazhinji izvi zvinoitika panguva yekushanda kwemauto kana njodzi: munhu anoenda kunorwiswa kana kubhururuka mundege inodonha uye anozviona ari parutivi.
“Vanhu vakawanda vanowanzoparadzana, uye vamwe vanozviita nguva dzose zvokuti kuparadzana kunganzi ndiyo nzira yavo huru yokushanda vakaora mwoyo,” anonyora kudaro chiremba wepfungwa Nancy McWilliams.
Muchikamu che "So Different Tara" chirongwa chinovakwa pamusoro pekuti munhu anozviparadzanisa (muimbi Tara) anogadzirisa sei zvinetso zvinowanzoitika: muhukama hwepabonde, kubasa, nevana. Muchiitiko ichi, "vanhu" vanogona kuva zvose zvinokonzera matambudziko uye vaponesi. Imwe neimwe ine chidimbu chehunhu hwegamba: mukadzi wemba anozvipira Alice anofananidzira chirango uye kurongeka (Super-Ego), musikana Birdie - zviitiko zvake zvehudiki, uye murwi ane utsinye Buck - "kusagadzikana" zvishuwo.
Kuedza kunzwisisa kuti munhu ane dissociative disorder anonzwa sei kunoitwa mumafirimu akadai seThe Three Faces of Eve and Sybil (2007). Ose ari maviri akavakirwa panhau chaidzo. Eve's prototype kubva mufirimu rekutanga ndiChris Sizemore, mumwe wevakatanga kuzivikanwa "vakarapwa" varwere vane chirwere ichi. Sizemore akashanda nesimba nevarapi vepfungwa nevarapi, iye pachake akagadzirira zvinyorwa zvebhuku nezvake, uye akabatsira mukuparadzira ruzivo nezve dissociative disorder.
Ndeipi nzvimbo munhevedzano ino ichatora "Kuparadzaniswa"? Kune rimwe divi, indasitiri yemafirimu ine pfungwa dzayo: zvakakosha kukwezva uye kufadza muoni pane kumuudza nezve mashandiro anoita nyika. Nekune rumwe rutivi, ndekupi kumwe kwekukwevera kurudziro kubva, kana kusiri kubva kuhupenyu chaihwo?
Chinhu chikuru ndechekuziva kuti chokwadi pachacho chakanyanya kuoma uye chakapfuma kupfuura mufananidzo uri pachiratidziri.
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