Uye ndakadzidza nezvekusvibiswa kwemhepo kubva kumapurazi emombe kubva mufirimu "Save the Planet" (2016) neUN Climate Ambassador Leonardo DiCaprio. Inodzidzisa zvikuru - inokurudzirwa zvikuru ”
Saka (spoiler alert!), mune chimwe chezvikamu, Leonardo anosvika papurazi rekurima uye anotaurirana nevanoongorora zvakatipoteredza. Kumashure, mhou dzakanaka dzine mhino hombe dzinoruka, izvo zvinoita "zvinogoneka" kubatsira mukudziya kwepasi ...
Ngatisamhanye - tichazvinzwisisa danho nedanho.
Zvinozivikanwa kubva kuchikoro kuti kune mamwe magasi anogadzira rudzi rwebuffer muzvikamu zvepasi zvemhepo. Hachibvumiri kupisa kubuda kunze kwechadenga. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemagasi kunotungamirira kukuwedzera kwekuita (zvishoma uye zvishoma kupisa kunopukunyuka uye kuwanda kunoramba kuri pamusoro pezvikamu zvemhepo). Mhedzisiro ndeyekuwedzera kweavhareji tembiricha yepasi, inozivikanwa zviri nani sekudziya kwepasirese.
"Vakonzeri" vezviri kuitika ndiwo magasi mana makuru egreenhouse: mhute yemvura (aka H2O, mupiro wekudziya 36-72%), carbon dioxide (CO2, 9-26%), methane (SN4, 4-9%) uye ozone (O3, 3-7%).
Methane "inogara" mumhepo kwemakore gumi, asi ine yakakura kwazvo greenhouse inogona. Maererano neUN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), methane ine greenhouse chiitiko chakapetwa ka10 kusimba kupfuura CO.2.
Gasi rinobva kupi? Kune akawanda masosi, asi heino iwo makuru:
1. Basa rinokosha remombe (mombe).
2. Kupisa masango.
3. Kuwedzera munyika inorimika.
4. Kurimwa mupunga.
5. Gasi rinoputika panguva yekugadzirwa kwemarasha uye gasi chaiwo.
6. Emissions sechikamu chebiogas panzvimbo dzinoraswa.
Chiyero chegasi mumhepo chinoshanduka nekufamba kwenguva. Kunyange kuchinja kuduku mumugove weCH4 kunotungamirira kukuchinja kukuru kwekushisa kwemhepo. Pasina kupinda mumasango enhoroondo, ngatingotaura kuti nhasi kune kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemethane.
Vesainzi vanobvuma kuti zvekurima zvine basa guru mune izvi.
Chikonzero chekugadzirwa kwemethane chiri muhunhu hwekugayiwa kwemombe. Kana kuputika nekuburitsa magasi ekugaya, mhuka dzinoburitsa methane yakawanda. Mombe dzinosiyana nedzimwe mhuka mune "zvakagadzirwa zvekugadzira" zvehupenyu.
Mhou dzinodyiswa huswa hwakawanda. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukugaya mumuviri wezvipfuyo zvezvinomera zvisingagadziriswi nedzimwe mhuka. Kubva pakudya kwakawanda (dumbu remhou rine 150-190 malita emvura uye chikafu), flatulence inokura mumhuka mumapurazi.
Iyo gasi pachayo inoumbwa murumen (chikamu chekutanga chedumbu remhuka). Pano, huwandu hwakawanda hwekudya kwezvirimwa hunoratidzwa kune akawanda ma microorganisms. Basa rema microbe aya kugaya zvigadzirwa zvinouya. Munguva iyi, ne-chigadzirwa magasi anoumbwa - hydrogen uye carbon dioxide. Methanogens (imwe microorganism murumen) inosanganisa magasi aya kuita methane.
Multiple solutions
Varimi vekuCanada uye nyanzvi dzezvekurima vakagadzira akati wandei marudzi ezvekudya zvezvipfuyo. Kuumbwa kwakakodzera kwekudya kunogona kuderedza kuumbwa kwemethane mumuviri wemhuka. Chii chinoshandiswa:
Linseed mafuta
· Garlic
Juniper (majikiji)
Mamwe marudzi ealgae
Nyanzvi dzinobva kuYunivhesiti yePennsylvania dziri kushanda pakugadzira utachiona hune genetically modified microorganisms inozodzikamisa kugaya kwezvipfuyo.
Imwe mhinduro yedambudziko, asi isina kunanga: kurongeka kwakarongeka kwemhou kunoderedza huwandu hwevanhu vanorwara, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvinokwanisika kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirwa nenhamba diki yezvipfuyo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, purazi rinozoburitsawo methane shoma.
Vamwechete vekuCanada vari kuita chirongwa cheCanada Genome. Sechikamu cheongororo (Yunivhesiti yeAlberta), nyanzvi murabhoritari dzinoongorora genome dzemhou dzinoburitsa methane shoma. Mune ramangwana, mabhindauko aya akarongwa kuti apinzwe mukurima kwemapurazi.
MuNew Zealand, Fonterra, mugadziri mukuru wekurima, akatora ongororo yezvakatipoteredza. Kambani iyi iri kuita chirongwa chezvemamiriro ekunze icho chichaita zviyero zvakadzama zvemethane emissions kubva kumapurazi zana. Nekurima kwepamusoro-tekinoroji, New Zealand inoshandisa mari yakawanda gore rega rega mukugadzirisa kugadzirwa uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kutanga muna Mbudzi 100, Fonterra ichaita kuti data iwanikwe pachena pamusoro pemethane uye kumwe kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse kubva kumapurazi ayo.
Kugadzirwa kwemethane nebhakitiriya mudumbu remombe idambudziko guru pasi rose uye munharaunda. Makore mashoma apfuura, papurazi reGermany, mhuka dzaiiswa mudanga rakanga risina mhepo inofefetera yaidiwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, methane yakawanda yakaunganidzwa uye kuputika kwakaitika.
Maererano nekuverenga kwevesainzi, mhou imwe neimwe inoburitsa marita makumi maviri nemana emethane mumaawa 24. Nhamba yose yemombe dziri panyika ndeye 500 bhiriyoni - inosvika mabhiriyoni 1,5 marita zuva rega rega. Saka mombe dzinowedzera greenhouse effect mota zhinji?
Mumwe wevatungamiriri veGlobal Carbon Project, Muzvinafundo Robert Jackson, vanoti zvinotevera:
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Kubudirira kwekurima, kubva kune nzira dzakakura dzekurima uye kuderedza nhamba yemombe - chete nzira yakabatanidzwa inogona kubatsira kuderedza kuwanda kweCH.4 uye kumisa kudziya kwepasi.
Hakusi kuti mombe ndidzo “dzine mhosva” yokukwira kweavhareji yetembiricha paPasi. Ichi chiitiko chine zvakawanda uye chinoda kuedza kukuru munzira dzakasiyana. Kudzora kuburitsa methane mumhepo ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinoda kugadziriswa mumakore 1-2 anotevera. Zvikasadaro, kufanotaura kunosiririsa kunogona kuitika ...
Mumakore gumi anotevera, kuwanda kwemethane kuchava chinhu chinogadzirisa mukudziya kwepasi. Iri gasi rinenge riine simba guru pakukwira kwekushisa kwemhepo, izvo zvinoreva kuti kutonga kwekubuda kwaro kuchava basa guru rekuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze. Mafungiro aya akagovaniswa napurofesa weStanford University Robert Jackson. Uye ane chikonzero chiri chose chokudaro.