Microcephaly inoratidzwa nekukura kwecranial perimeter, pakuberekwa, pasi pemazuva ose. Vacheche vanozvarwa vaine microcephaly vanowanzova nehukuru hwehuropi hudiki, saka havagone kukura zvakanaka. (1)

Kuwanda kwechirwere (nhamba yezviitiko muhuwandu hwakapiwa panguva yakatarwa) kusvika nhasi, ichiri kuzivikanwa. Mukuwedzera, zvakaratidzwa kuti chirwere chiripo, muhuwandu hwakawanda, muAsia neMiddle East ine chiitiko che1 / 1 pagore. (000)

Microcephaly chirwere chinotsanangurwa nekukura kwemusoro wemwana mudiki pane zvakajairika. Panguva yekuzvitakura, musoro wemwana unokura kazhinji nekuda kwekukura kunofambira mberi kweuropi. Chirwere ichi chinogona kuzokura panguva yekuzvitakura, panguva yekusagadzikana kwehuropi hwemwana, kana pakuzvarwa, apo kukura kwayo kunomira kamwe kamwe. Microcephaly inogona kuva mhedzisiro pachayo, pasina mwana aunza zvimwe zvisiri izvo kana kuti angave akabatana nezvimwe zvinoshomeka zvinoonekwa pakuzvarwa. (1)

Kune chimiro chakakomba chechirwere. Ichi chimiro chakakomba chinoratidzika semugumisiro wekukura kwehuropi husina kujairika panguva yekuzvitakura kana pakuzvarwa.

Saka microcephaly inogona kuvapo pakuzvarwa kwemwana kana kukura mumwedzi yekutanga mushure mekusununguka. Chirwere ichi chinowanzova chikonzero chekusagadzikana kwemajini kunokanganisa kukura kwecerebral cortex mumwedzi yekutanga yekukura kwe fetus. Iyi pathology inogona zvakare kuve mhedzisiro yekushungurudzwa kwezvinodhaka kana doro muna amai, panguva yekuzvitakura kwavo. Zvirwere zveamai ne cytomegalovirus, rubella, chickenpox, nezvimwewo zvinogonawo kuva chikonzero chechirwere.

Panyaya yeutachiona hweZika hwaamai, kupararira kweutachiona uhwu kunoonekwawo mumatishu emwana zvichikonzera kufa kweuropi. Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi, kukuvadzwa kweitsvo kunowanzobatanidzwa nehutachiona hweZika.

Migumisiro yechirwere inobva pakuoma kwayo. Chokwadi, vana vari kukura microcephaly vanogona kuratidza kukanganisa mukukura kwekuziva, kunonoka mukushanda kwemotokari, kuoma kwemutauro, kuvaka kupfupi, hyperactivity, pfari, kusarongeka kana kunyange d 'imwe tsinga dzisina kunaka. (2)

Microcephaly inoratidzwa nehukuru hwemusoro huri diki pane zvakajairika. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kukura kweuropi panguva ye "fetus" kana mushure mekuzvara mwana.

Vacheche vanoberekwa vane microcephaly vanogona kuva nehuwandu hwezviratidzo zvekliniki. Izvi zvinoenderana zvakananga nekuoma kwechirwere uye zvinosanganisira: (1)

- pfari pfari;

- kunonoka mukukura kwepfungwa dzemwana, pakutaura, pakufamba, nezvimwewo;

- hurema hwepfungwa (kuderedza kugona kwekudzidza uye kunonoka mumabasa anokosha);

- matambudziko ekusagadzikana;

- kumedza matambudziko;

- kurasikirwa nekunzwa;

- matambudziko emaziso.

Izvi zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kubva kune zvinyoro kusvika kune zvakanyanya muhupenyu hwenyaya.

Microcephaly inowanzokonzerwa nekunonoka kukura kweuropi hwemwana, zvichiita kuti denderedzwa remusoro rive diki pane zvakajairika. Kubva pakuona uko kukura kwehuropi kunoshanda panguva yekuzvitakura uye paudiki, microcephaly inogona kukura munguva mbiri idzi dzehupenyu.

Masayendisiti akaisa mberi kwakasiyana kwakasiyana kwechirwere. Pakati peizvi pane humwe hutachiona panguva yekuzvitakura, kusaenzana kwemajini kana kushaya chikafu.

Mukuwedzera, zvimwe zvezvinotevera genetic zvirwere zvinobatanidzwawo mukukura kwe microcephaly:

- Cornelia de Lange syndrome;

- kuchema kwekati syndrome;

- Down's syndrome;

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome;

- Seckel's syndrome;

- Smith-Lemli-Opitz chirwere;

- trisomy 18;

- Down chirwere.

Mamwe mabviro echirwere anosanganisira: (3)

- isingadzoreki phenylketonuria (PKU) muna amai (mugumisiro wekusagadzikana kwe phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), kuwedzera kugadzirwa kweplasma phenylalanine uye kuva nehutu hunoita muuropi);

- methylmercury chepfu;

- congenital rubella;

- congenital toxoplasmosis;

- utachiona necongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV);

- kushandiswa kwemimwe mishonga panguva yekuzvitakura, kunyanya doro uye phenytoin.

Utachiona hwemadzimai neZika virus hwakaratidzwawo kuti ndicho chikonzero chekukura kwe microcephaly muvana. (1)

Izvo zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunobatanidza ne microcephaly saka zvinosanganisira seti yehutachiona hwemadzimai, genetic abnormalities kana kwete nhaka, isingadzoreki phenylketonuria muna amai, kutarisana nemamwe makemikari (akadai semethylmercury), nezvimwewo.

Kuongororwa kwe microcephaly kunogona kuitwa panguva yekuzvitakura kana mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana.

Panguva yekuzvitakura, kuongororwa kwe ultrasound kunogona kuongorora kuvepo kwechirwere. Muedzo uyu unowanzoitwa panguva ye2 trimester yekuzvitakura kana kunyange pakutanga kwe3rd trimeter.

Mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana, michina yekurapa inoyera avhareji yehukuru hwedenderedzwa remusoro wemwana (musoro wedenderedzwa). Chiyero chinowanikwa chinozofananidzwa nenzira yehuwandu hwevanhu sebasa rezera uye zvepabonde. Iyi bvunzo mushure mekusununguka inowanzoitwa maawa makumi maviri nemana mushure mekusununguka. Iyi nguva inoita kuti zvikwanise kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirisa patsva kwedehenya, rakamanikidzwa panguva yekusununguka.

Kana kuvepo kwemicrocephaly kuchifungidzirwa, mamwe maedzo ekuwedzera anogoneka kusimbisa kana kwete kuongororwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya, scanner, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), nezvimwewo.

Kurapa kwechirwere kunowedzera pamusoro pehupenyu hwose hwenyaya. Parizvino, hapana mushonga unorapa unogadzirwa.

Sezvo kuoma kwechirwere ichi kwakasiyana kubva kune mumwe mwana kune mumwe, vacheche vane chimiro chisina kunaka havazovi nezviratidzo kunze kwekutenderera kwemusoro. Izvi zviitiko zvechirwere saka zvinongotariswa zvakanyanya panguva yekukura kwemwana.

Panyaya yemhando dzakakomba dzechirwere, vana, panguva ino, vanoda kurapwa kunobvumira kurwisana nezvinetso zveparipheral. Nzira dzekurapa dziripo kuvandudza nekuwedzera kugona kwenjere nemuviri zvevana ava. Mishonga yekudzivirira pfari nezvimwe zviratidzo zvekiriniki zvinogonawo kunyorwa. (1)

Kurongeka kwechirwere kunowanzova kwakanaka asi kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekuoma kwechirwere. (4)