Mukati
Muna 2022, kune nzira chaidzo dzekuwana mari yekuvandudza bhizinesi rako. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane nuances yake, zvakanakira uye zvakaipira, izvo zvatichakurukura zvakadzama. Uye nyanzvi dzedu dzakapa mazano kune vekutanga bhizinesi nezvenyaya yekutsvaga mari yekutanga.
Mamiriro ekuwana mari yekuvhura nekusimudzira bhizinesi
| Kupi kwekuwana | Kubva kuhurumende, kubva kumabhangi, kubva kune vanobatana, kubva kune vakazvimirira vega, nerubatsiro rwekuunganidza mari |
| Ndoda kudzoka here | Kwete, asi iwe unofanirwa kusimbisa kushandiswa kwavo kwavanoda |
| Yakawanda sei yaungawana kubva kuhurumende | Kusvika mamirioni makumi matanhatu rubles |
| Mafomu erubatsiro kubva kuhurumende | Mari, pfuma, ruzivo, kuraira, dzidzo |
| Kuwanikwa kwechirongwa chebhizinesi | Chirongwa chebhizinesi chinodiwa munenge mune zvese zviitiko, saka zvakakosha kutanga nazvo. |
| Ndeipi fomati iri nani kusarudza: kudyidzana kana kukwezva investor | Musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pemafomati aya ndewekuti mumwe wake ane kodzero dzakaenzana nemuzvinabhizimusi, anogona kupesvedzera maitiro ebhizinesi uye kuita bhizinesi. Iye investor anodyara mari uye anomirira purofiti pasina kupindira mune maitiro. Izvi zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo pakusarudza. |
| Zvekuita kana bhizinesi rikaparara uye investor anoda kudzoserwa | Chero zvazvingaitika, investor anofanira kubhadhara. Chokutanga pane zvose, unofanira kupa mari yakagamuchirwa kubva kutengeswa kwebhizimisi, midziyo, nezvimwewo. Kana mari iyi isina kukwana, unogona kutengesa chivako kana kupinda muchibvumirano chekubhadhara chikwereti. |
Ndoiwanepi mari yekuvhura nekusimudzira bhizinesi
Mari inodiwa inogona kutorwa kubva kuhurumende. Kana rubatsiro ruchibvumirwa uye muzvinabhizimisi anoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ose, mari haifaniri kudzorerwa. Kana iyi nzira isina kukodzera kune chimwe chikonzero, unogona kunyorera kubhangi chikwereti, tsvaga waunoshanda naye kana wakazvimirira investor, uye zvakare kuwana mari yekuvhura nekuvandudza bhizinesi uchishandisa crowdfunding.
Kutsigirwa nehurumende
Iyo nyika inotsigira chete iwo mabhizinesi anoshanda mune mamwe maindasitiri. Idzi ndidzo nzvimbo dzesocial orientation, innovation, agro-industry uye tourism1. Pamusoro pezvo, vatengesi vekutanga vanoronga kuronga bhizinesi diki kana repakati vanogona kuwana rutsigiro.
Kune zvakare rutsigiro rwedunhu. Zvinosanganisira rubatsiro rwekusimudzira zvikamu zvekutanga, makwikwi ekupa rubatsiro rwevakadzi vanoita bhizinesi nevadiki vemabhizinesi.
Kubatsira kukuru kwerutsigiro rwehurumende ndechekuti rubatsiro harufanire kudzoserwa. Kubatsira kwehurumende mune iyi kesi hakusi kubviswa kwepurofiti, asi kusimudzira kwechikamu chinononoka nekubhadharisa makambani matsva.
Panguva imwecheteyo, muzvinabhizimisi akagamuchira rubatsiro achine zvimwe zvaanosungirwa. Mari yekusimudzira bhizinesi inogona kungoshandiswa kune chinangwa chayo, nekuwedzera, iwe unofanirwa kuzivisa nezve mari. Zvikasadaro, muzvinabhizimusi haangorasikirwa nemukurumbira wake, anogona kutarisana nekutonga, uye mune dzimwe nguva, mhosva yemhosva.
Zvirongwa zvakawanda zvekutsigira mabhizinesi ehurumende zviri kushanda parizvino2:
| Zita rechirongwa | Ndiani anogona kutora chikamu | Rubatsiro rwupi rwunopihwa |
| “Kutanga” | Vanamuzvinabhizinesi vanoshanda mumunda weIT tekinoroji | 2,5 miriyoni rubles kubva kuhurumende. Panguva imwecheteyo, muzvinabhizimusi anofanirwa kuwana investor uyo anozoisa mari yakaenzana mubhizinesi. |
| "Smart dhongi" | Entrepreneurs under 30. Advantage kune avo vanoshanda mumunda we innovative technologies | 500 zviuru rubles kubva kuhurumende |
| "Budiriro" | Vanamuzvinabhizinesi vanoronga kuwedzera kambani nesangano remamwe mabasa | Kusvika mamirioni gumi nemashanu rubles kubva kuhurumende |
| "Cooperative" | Mabhizinesi madiki uye epakati nepakati akagadzirira zvechimanjemanje uye infusion muhukuru-hukuru kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri | Kusvika mamirioni gumi nemashanu rubles kubva kuhurumende |
| "Internationalization" | Mabhizinesi nemakambani anoronga kuvandudza mapurojekiti mukubatana nemakambani ekunze | Kusvika mamirioni gumi nemashanu rubles kubva kuhurumende |
Pamusoro pezvirongwa zvese, kune zvematunhu. Vatori vechikamu vavo vanopihwa rubatsiro rwekusimudzira mune imwe ndima yekuita. Dunhu rega rega richava nemamiriro ayo, mitemo uye nzvimbo dzekutsigira. Rubatsiro pavari harufanire kudzoserwa mune ramangwana. Mukuwedzera, rubatsiro rwehurumende runogona kutora maitiro akasiyana.
- Zvemari - zvipo, rubatsiro, mabhenefiti.
- Property - kupa bhizinesi kodzero yekushandisa zvivakwa zvehurumende pane zvakasarudzwa.
- Ruzivo - kuvandudzwa kwemubatanidzwa uye wedunhu ruzivo masisitimu kune vemabhizinesi.
- Kubvunzana - kubvunzana kwenyanzvi mune fomati yekudzidziswa makosi ekugadzira uye kuenderera mberi kwebhizinesi.
- Dzidzo - kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi uye kudzidziswazve kwenyanzvi.
Mumwe muzvinabhizimusi ane bhizinesi diki, diki kana repakati bhizinesi, mari yaanowana isingapfuure 2 bhiriyoni rubles pagore, uye iyo vashandi vasingapfuuri vashandi ve250, vachakwanisa kugamuchira rutsigiro rwedunhu.
Pamusoro pezvo, pane mamwe mamiriro anofanirwa kusangana kana uchitarisira kuwana rubatsiro.
- Angangoita 51% yemari yakatenderwa yebhizinesi inofanirwa kunge iri yevanhu kana mabhizinesi madiki.
- Chikamu chasara (chisingapfuuri 49%) cheguta rakatenderwa rinogona kunge riri remabhizinesi asiri chikamu cheSME.
- Inosvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana yeguta rakatenderwa rinogona kubatwa nenyika, zviremera zvematunhu kana masangano asingabatsiri.
- Sangano rinofanira kunge riripo pamusika kweanopfuura makore maviri.
- Iyo kambani inofanirwa kunyoreswa neFederal Tax Service.
- Iyo kambani haifanirwe kuve nezvikwereti pamitero, zvikwereti uye mipiro yemagariro.
- Sangano rinofanirwa kuverengerwa muRejista Yakabatana yeMadiki uye Epakati Bhizinesi Entities. Kana iyo isiri murejista, rubatsiro kubva kuhurumende haigoni kugamuchirwa, kunyange kana mamwe mamiriro ose akasangana.
Chikamu chikuru chezviyero zvekutsigira hurumende zvinopihwa kune mabhizinesi, zvisinei nemunda webasa. Nekudaro, kana zvasvika parutsigiro rwemari kumabhizinesi madiki nepakati, kazhinji mari inoenda mukusimudzira uye kutsigirwa kwezvikamu zvekutanga zvehupfumi. Ikozvino izvi zvinosanganisira hutano, kurima, dzidzo, masevhisi emagariro, kushanya kwemumba, matekinoroji ehunyanzvi, kutengeserana nekutengesa, uye tsika.
Pamusoro pezvibatsiro zviri pamusoro, vakuru vematunhu vanogona kupa mamwe mabhenefiti.3.
- Zvekurejesa midziyo. Kubhadharwa kwechikamu chemubhadharo wepasi pakupera kwechibvumirano chekurenda midziyo inobhadharwa. Muripo unosvika 70% yemari inodiwa. Kuti ugamuchire, unofanirwa kutora chikamu mukukwikwidza kusarudzwa.
- Kubhadhara mubereko pazvikwereti. Kana muzvinabhizimusi akatora chikwereti chekusimudzira bhizinesi nerutsigiro, nyika inogona kumubatsira kubhadhara mubereko.
- Kutora chikamu muzviratidzwa. Kuwanda kwemuripo hakusi kudarika 50% yemari inodiwa. Paunenge uchibata chiratidziro munharaunda yeFederation - kusvika ku350 zviuru zveRubles, munharaunda yekunze kwenyika - kusvika ku700 zviuru rubles.
- Zvemushandirapamwe wekushambadzira. Mari yerubatsiro inosvika zviuru mazana matatu rubles. Inobhadharwa kwete nemari, asi muzvinhu kana masevhisi anodiwa kuita mushandirapamwe.
- Zvekupihwa zvitupa, kutakura zvinhu kunze kwenyika, kuwana zvitupa uye patents - anosvika 3 miriyoni rubles.
Ruzivo ruzere nezve chero rudzi rwerubatsiro runogona kuwanikwa kubva kuhofisi yedunhu yeFederal Corporation yeSMEs. Rondedzero yavo inowanikwa pawebhusaiti mybusiness.rf kana webhusaiti yeCorporation pachayo.
Iwe unogona zvakare kuwana zano pane ese matanho ehurumende rutsigiro rwebhizinesi nekufonera iyo hotline. Rondedzero yenhamba dzemubatanidzwa nedzedunhu dziri pasaiti mybusiness.rf. Uye zvakare, kubvunzana kwepamhepo kunogoneka kubva kuBhizinesi Rangu nzvimbo paSME Digital Platform, iro repamutemo sosi yeBazi reEconomic Development yeFederation.
Zvisinei, pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo rubatsiro runogona kurambwa.
- Munda webasa wakasarudzwa usina kutsigirwa nehurumende. Aya ndiwo kugadzirwa kwefodya, doro, inishuwarenzi nemabhanga.
- Chikumbiro cherubatsiro chinotumirwazve.
- Urongwa hwebhizimisi husina kunaka. Mari uye mari inoshandiswa hazvifungidzirwe zvakadzama zvakakwana, maverengero anodiwa haapo, nguva yekubhadhara yakarebesa, kukosha kwemagariro nehupfumi hazvitsananguriki.
- Kuwanda kwemari inodiwa kunowedzerwa.
- Mirayiridzo yekushandisa mari haina kutsanangurwa. Iyi ndiyo imwe yemamiriro makuru. Zvinofanira kujeka kubva mumagwaro kuti mari yakarongwa kushandiswa pairi. Kana zvisina kudaro, masangano ehurumende haazokwanisi kudzora kushandiswa kwakanangwa kwebhajeti rakapihwa.
Kana iwe usingazive zvaunogona kunyorera uye kuti ndeapi marudzi erubatsiro akakodzera bhizinesi rako, zvine musoro kutanga nekubvunzana neFederal SME Corporation.
| Benefits yerutsigiro yehurumende yebhizinesi | Cons yekutsigirwa nehurumende kwebhizinesi |
| Mari iyi haichafanirwa kudzoserwa kuhurumende | Kutsigirwa kwemari kunotarisirwa chete kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehupfumi |
| Mari yakawanda yemari yemari | Mari inogona kushandiswa chete zvichienderana nekuverenga kwakaunzwa, unofanirwa kuzivisa pane mari yakashandiswa |
| Mhando dzakawanda dzerutsigiro, kusanganisira kubvunzana, rubatsiro mukubhadhara mubereko kubhangi nevamwe | Kusashandiswa zvakanaka kwerubatsiro kunoenderana nekutonga kana mhosva. |
Banks
Kana zvakanga zvisingabviri kuwana rubatsiro kubva kuhurumende, unogona kunyorera kubhangi chikwereti. Iyi mhinduro inonyanya kukodzera kumakambani akagadzikana anga ari pamusika kwemakore akati wandei. Chokutanga pane zvose, bhangi rinofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mari ichadzorerwa zvakare. Naizvozvo, zvichave zvakaoma kune bhizinesi rekutanga-up kuwana huwandu hwakakodzera.
Zvisinei, kukweretesa bhizinesi mubhangi kune zvakwakanakira. Aya ndiwo, sekutonga, mari yakaderera, zvikwereti zvenguva refu, nyore kunyoresa. Pamusoro pezvo, mabhanga mazhinji ane zvirongwa zvakakosha mavanoshandira pamwe nemabhizinesi.
Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akavimbika, usati wakumbira chikwereti chebhizimisi, ongorora njodzi dzinogona kuitika. Ona kana uchikwanisa kuidzosera. Muchiitiko chipi chingave chisingagoneki uye chii chingaitika chekuti nyaya yakadai iitike.
A novice muzvinabhizimisi anofanira kushandisa nzira iyi mari nokungwarira. Kuti ugamuchire mari yekuvhura nekuvandudza bhizinesi kubva pakutanga, unofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nebhangi rakasarudzwa uye kuzadzisa zvese mamiriro.
Sezvo mutemo, izvi zvinosungirwa kuurayiwa kweinishuwarenzi, kupiwa kwechibatiso kana guarantor, pamwe nekupiwa kwehurongwa hwebhizimisi. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodikanwa kugadzira zvinyorwa zviviri zvegwaro: yakazara uye pfupi nezvikamu zvakakosha zvekukurumidza kudzidza nevashandi vebhangi. Zvakakosha kutarisa nhoroondo yako yechikwereti uye kuvhara kunonoka kunobvira.
Iko mukana wekubvumidzwa kwechikumbiro unozobvawo pane izvo muzvinabhizimusi anoda mari yacho. Kazhinji, uku ndiko kuwedzera kwemari yekushanda, kutengwa kwemidziyo kana michina, pamwe nekutenga marezinesi ebasa.
Chikwereti chinowanzorambwa kune vemabhizinesi vasingakwanise kuvhara chikamu chemari yekutanga bhizinesi vari voga. Zvakare, avo vane zvikwereti nefaindi dzakasara, kana kuti masangano akanzi haana mari kana kuti ane hurongwa hwebhizimisi husina purofiti, vangangorambwa. Kuwana mari yebhizinesi kubva pakutanga kwakaoma. Asi zvichiri kuitika kana nyanzvi dzebhanga dzichiziva kuti zvinangwa zvebhizinesi zviri kuvimbisa.
Kuti uvandudze mikana yako yekubvumidzwa, unogona kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kumasangano anozokunyorera iwe kubhangi. Mari yakadaro inoshanda mu82 constituent masangano eFederation. Somuenzaniso, Moscow Small Business Lending Assistance Fund, Small and Medium Business Lending Assistance Fund, St. Petersburg nevamwe. Iyo vimbiso inopiwa pane yakabhadharwa, paavhareji, iyo mari ndeye 0,75% pagore yehuwandu hwevimbiso.
| Benefits yekukweretesa kune bhizinesi kubhanga | Cons yekukweretesa kune bhizinesi mubhangi |
| Yakaderera mibairo | Njodzi dzakakura dzekutadza kwechikwereti kana bhizinesi rikatadza |
| Kureruka kwekunyoresa | Kudiwa kwehurongwa hwebhizimisi |
| Chikwereti chenguva refu | Iwe unofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa nebhangi uye kuzadzisa zvese mamiriro |
| Zvirongwa zvakakosha zvebhizinesi mune mamwe mabhanga | Mukana wepamusoro wekukundikana, kunyanya kune bhizinesi rekutanga |
| Zviri nyore kuwana pane rubatsiro rwehurumende | |
| Rubatsiro kubva kumasangano ezvokutengeserana muvimbiso kubhangi zvinogoneka |
Partners
Usati watanga kutsvaga bhizinesi rekufambidzana naye, unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti munhu uyu anozova muridzi webhizinesi rako. Zvakanakisa kana mudiwa achidikanwa kuvhura bhizinesi rine njodzi diki yekuparara, semuenzaniso, chitoro kana sangano rekudya.
Kubatsira kwekudyidzana kwebhizinesi kuwedzera kwakawanda mukutanga-up capital. Pamusoro pezvo, kana mamwe majekiseni emari achidikanwa, mumwe nemumwe wevabatsiri anogona kutora chikwereti kana kupa vimbiso kune wechipiri mudiwa.
Panguva imwecheteyo, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti chero wevatori vechikamu anogona kusarudza kusiya bhizinesi uye kuda mugove wavo. Iye zvakare ane kodzero yekutengesa chikamu chake chebhizinesi kune wechitatu bato. Panyaya iyi, zvinodikanwa kunyatsoongorora kuvimbika kweanotarisirwa kufambidzana naye. Zvakanaka kana ari nyanzvi mumunda wakasarudzwa, asi zvakakosha kuti iwe unogona kuvimba naye.
Usati wagadzira mubatanidzwa, gadzira chirongwa chebhizinesi chinokodzera munhu wese. Dhirowa chibvumirano, kwaunogadzirisa mibvunzo yese pamusoro pemafambiro akabatana ebhizinesi.
Kana pasina munhu akakodzera mupfungwa, edza kumuwana pane imwe yenzvimbo dzinokosha dzeInternet. Mukuwedzera, ipapo iwe unogona kuratidza purojekiti yako kana bhizinesi rinotoshanda uye ugamuchire imwe mari.
| Mabhenefiti ekudyidzana | Cons of partnership |
| Kuwedzera kwekutanga-up capital | Ngozi yekubuda mubhizinesi kana kutengesa mugove |
| Iko mukana wekuwana zvikwereti zviviri zvebhizinesi | Unofanira kuwana munhu waunogona kuvimba naye zvizere. |
| Iwe haufanirwe kutsvaga guarantor yebhangi, mumwe wako anogona kuve mumwe |
Vashandisi vega
Kunyangwe zvakafanana nekudyidzana, iyi inzira yakati siyanei yemari. Kukwezva investor akazvimirira kunosanganisira kugamuchira mari yekusimudzira bhizinesi pasina kutora chikamu kwakananga kwemudzvanyiriri mukuita kwebhizinesi. Chizhinji chezvose, iyi nzira yakakodzera kune avo vanoronga kupa yakasarudzika chigadzirwa kumusika kana kutsvaga tekinoroji nyowani.
Kubatsira kweiyo nzira inogona kunzi chokwadi chekuti mari yekushandiswa kweiyo pfungwa haidi kuchengetedzwa. Zvakare, haufanirwe kutora njodzi paunenge uchinyorera chikwereti chebhangi. Iyo purojekiti inogona kuitwa nemari yemubhadharisi asingazopindire muhurongwa, asi kungomirira kudzoserwa kwezvikamu.
Panewo njodzi. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kune chikwereti, mutengesi anofanira kupa chikamu chemubhadharo, iyo yakabvumiranwa kare muchibvumirano. Uye zvakare, kana pane imwe nguva bhizinesi richifanira kuvharwa, investor anotanga agamuchira mari. Zvinogona kutoitika kuti muzvinabhizimusi ane chikwereti chakati kune vechitatu mapato.
Iwe unogona zvakare kubata vakatosimbiswa bhizinesi. Dzimwe nguva vanoisa mari mumapurojekiti anoita seanonakidza kwavari. Asi zvakakosha kuratidza kwete pfungwa chete, asiwo maverengero anoenderana ayo anoratidza purofiti yebhizinesi.
Kune zvakare mari dzekudyara. Aya ndiwo masangano ane basa rekutsigira bhizinesi uye kuita purofiti kuburikidza nekudyara. Vanonyatso svika pakusarudzwa kwevanokwikwidza mune iyo mari yebhizinesi ichaiswa mari. Usati wanyorera kusangano rakadaro, unofanirwa kugadzira hurongwa hwebhizinesi hwakadzama. Iwe unogona kutsvaga kune vanoisa mari pane akasarudzika masaiti.
| Zvakanakira vatengesi vega | Kuipa kwevanoisa mari vega |
| Iwe unogona kuwana mari yekusimudzira pasina kubatanidza vanhu vechitatu mukuita bhizinesi | Iwe unofanirwa kupa yakadzama bhizinesi chirongwa nekuverenga uye kudzivirira zano rako |
| Hapana chikonzero chekuchengetedza mari kana kuenda kubhangi | Chikamu chepurofiti ichafanirwa kupihwa kune investor |
| Mukana wepamusoro wekuwana mari kana paine mari yekudzosera garandi | Kana bhizinesi rikakundikana, kutanga kune zvese, iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara kune investor |
Kraudfanding
Kazhinji, nzira iyi inokwidza mari yekubatsira. Iwe unogona zvakare kuwana mari inodiwa yebhizinesi, asi maitiro acho anotora nguva yakareba.
Mukana mukuru wekuwandisa mari ndeyekuti vakawanda vanoita mari vanogona kukwezvwa kuchirongwa ichi kamwechete. Kune anovice muzvinabhizimusi, izvi zvinoreva mukana wekutanga bhizinesi uine inenge isina mari yako. Uye zvakare, iwe unogona kushambadza masevhisi ako pamusika uye kuongorora ramangwana rekuda kwavo.
Panewo njodzi. Zvakakodzera kusvika kune iyi nzira yekusimudza mari nekuchenjerera, nekuti kana iyo bhizinesi zano rikakundikana, mukurumbira unorasika uye zvichave zvakaoma kwazvo kutanga bhizinesi mune ramangwana.
Kuti ugamuchire mari kuburikidza nehuwandu hwemari, unofanirwa kunyoresa pane yakakosha chikuva paInternet, taura nezve purojekiti yako uye ubatanidze vhidhiyo mharidzo.
| Pros of crowdfunding | Cons of crowdfunding |
| Vanoisa mari vanogovera mari yekusimudzira, asi ivo havazotora chikamu mukuita bhizinesi | Vagadziri vemari vanoita sarudzo yakavakirwa pane yakadzama bhizinesi chirongwa nekuverenga |
| Iwe haufanirwe kumirira kusvika mari inodiwa yaunganidzwa kana kutora chikwereti kubva kubhangi | Imwe muzana yepurofiti ichafanirwa kupihwa kune vanoisa mari |
| Nekuda kwekuti vatengesi vakati wandei vanogona kutora chikamu kamwechete, huwandu huchave hwakakura | Kana bhizinesi idzva rikasafamba zvakanaka, iwe uchazofanira kubhadhara vatengesi |
| Iwe unogona kutanga bhizinesi idzva rinenge risina kuenzana | Zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba kuunganidza mari inodiwa |
nyanzvi Mazano
Nyanzvi dzakapa mazano ekuti muzvinabhizinesi angawana sei huwandu hwakakodzera hwekusimudzira bhizinesi uye kuita kuti riite pundutso sezvinobvira.
- Haufanire kunyorera chikwereti kana bhizinesi richiripo pabepa chete. Zvinogona kuitika kuti iyo pfungwa haishande, uye muzvinabhizimusi anoramba aine chikwereti kune yakawanda. Zviri nani kuedza kutsvaga rubatsiro rwemahara kune izvi.
- Sarudzo yakanakisa padanho rekutanga kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kuhurumende. Kana izvi zvisingagoneke kana rubatsiro rwakarambwa, saka zvakakosha kuedza kuwana chikwereti kubva kune yakakosha mari yekusimudzira bhizinesi.
- Unogona kuwana kubvunzurudzwa kwemahara paMy Business Center, iyo inowanikwa munzvimbo dzese.
- Muna 2022, makambani eIT akawana mamwe matanho ekutsigira. Kana iwe uchizosimudzira munzvimbo ino, unogona kuziva nezvese mabhenefiti pawebhusaiti yeFederal Tax Service muchikamu che "Support Measures".
- Kune rubatsiro rwemahara kubva kuhurumende nenzira yerubatsiro, rubatsiro nezvimwe zvirongwa. Nechinangwa chekushandiswa kwemari uye zvinyorwa zvakakodzera, mari haifaniri kudzorerwa.
Chero zvazvingava, usati washandisa izvi kana nzira iyo, zvakakodzera kuongorora njodzi dzinogona kuitika. Uye sarudza pachine nguva zvekuita kana bhizinesi richifanira kuvharwa.
Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira
Takabvunza nyanzvi, mupi wezano webhizinesi kuti apindure mibvunzo inowanzoitika yevaverengi Maria Tatarintseva, mukuru weGK KPSS Abramova Alexandra uye gweta, veruzhinji, sachigaro webhodhi reMoscow Bar Association "Andreev, Bodrov, Guzenko uye Partners", sachigaro weInternational Center yekuvandudza zvirongwa zvevechidiki "Generation of Law" Andrei Andreev.
Ndeipi nzira yekuwana mari yekuvhura nekusimudzira bhizinesi inofanirwa kusarudzwa nemuzvinabhizimusi wega (IP)?
Unogona kunyorera rutsigiro kubva kuhurumende uye ugamuchire mari yakanangwa pasi pezvirongwa zvakasiyana zvemubatanidzwa kana zvedunhu - rubatsiro, rubatsiro. Kana mari "yemahara" isipo, iwe unofanirwa kunyorera zvikwereti zvakasarudzika uye makiredhiti, kana kusada kurenda kubva kumari yekusimudzira bhizinesi. Mari yakakweretwa inowanikwa pano pa 1-5% pagore, iyo yakaderera zvikuru kudarika mitengo yemusika mumabhangi.
Alexander Abramov akataura kuti mari yebhizinesi inogona kuwanikwa pamatunhu emubatanidzwa uye emuno. Semuenzaniso, 60 rubles inopiwa kune avo vanoda "kuzvishandira" sechikamu che "Rubatsiro rweVatsva Vazvinabhizimisi". Mumwe muzvinabhizimusi anoda kugamuchira mari iyi anofanira kubata bazi renzvimbo yebasa rebasa. Mari yakapihwa haidzoreki, asi zvichave zvakakosha kusimbisa kushandiswa kwerubatsiro nekunyora.
Imwe rubatsiro rwebhizinesi inogona kugamuchirwa nevemabhizinesi ega anga akavhurika uye anga achishanda kweinenge mwedzi gumi nemiviri, nepo zvichidikanwa kuti uve mubatsiri wekudyara mupurojekiti yavo uye kuisa mari inosvika 12-20% yemutengo wakazara. mukuitwa kwayo. Mumwe muzvinabhizimusi haafanire kuve nemutero, chikwereti, penjeni uye zvimwe zvikwereti. Kuti vagamuchire rubatsiro, mabhizinesi ega ega anofanirwa kubata Homwe yeBhizinesi Diki Rokusimudzira kana zvimiro zvemakurukota ekusimudzira hupfumi uye mutemo wemaindasitiri.
Izvo zvinokwanisikawo kupedzisa chibvumirano chemagariro evanhu, icho chiri chibvumirano pakati pechiremera chekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu uye mugari. Sechikamu chezvibvumirano, sangano rinogadzira "mepu yemugwagwa" yezviito zvemunhu anenge akumbira rubatsiro, uye anozvipira kuita zviito zvakatsanangurwa muchibvumirano. Semuenzaniso, vhura bhizinesi, tsvaga basa, dzidzisazve. Chibvumirano chemagariro chinopedzwa pahwaro hwechirongwa chehurumende cheFederation "Social Support for Citizens".
Andrey Andreev anotenda kuti kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuunganidza mari yekusimudzira bhizinesi, uye imwe neimwe ine simba rayo uye kushaya simba. Chekutanga pane zvese, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kana zvichizogoneka kushandisa yako mari. Tichifunga kuti mabhizinesi ega ega, sechimiro chesangano, anoshandiswa nemakambani madiki ane hukama nemabhizinesi madiki, zvine musoro kutaura nezvazvo. Kuwedzera kusingaverengeki kuzvimirira uye kushaikwa kwezvisungo. Kana ikakundikana, muzvinabhizimisi anorasikirwa nemari yake chete. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba kuti iunganidze mari inodiwa, uye kukosha kwechigadzirwa / sevhisi kuchapera.
Ndeapi matanho ekutsigira ekutanga nekusimudzira bhizinesi?
Alexander Abramov akataura kuti kubviswa kwemutero kune vemabhizinesi kuri kudzikiswa, kunyanya, mazwi ekubhadhara ari kumisikidzwa, kumisa kubhuroka uye zero mutero wemitero iri kuunzwa, mutero wemari yemunhu pamutengo uri kuderedzwa, uye mamwe matanho ari kutorwa.
Kune mamwe maindasitiri, semuenzaniso, makambani eIT, akati wandei ekutsigira matanho apihwa. Semuenzaniso, kumiswa kwekuongororwa kwemitero kusvika 03.03.2025/2022/2024 uye zero mutero wemutero we3-2022. Makambani eIT akatenderwa neBazi reCommunication achawana mamwe matanho ekutsigira nyika: zvikwereti zvemhando yepamusoro paXNUMX%, kuzorora kwemutero pamari yekushambadzira, kuderedzwa kubva kuuto kune vashandi uye mamwe mabhonasi. Ruzivo rwakadzama nezve izvi runogona kuwanikwa pawebhusaiti yeFederal Tax Service yeNyika Yedu muchikamu "Support matanho - XNUMX"4.
Sekureva kwaAndrey Andreev, kubva muna Kukadzi 2022, iyo nyika dhijitari papuratifomu yeSMEs yanga ichigadzira, nzvimbo imwe chete inounganidzwa nhanho dzekutsigira bhizinesi, kugona kutsvaga vatengi nevatengesi, kudzidziswa kwebhizinesi kunowanikwa, basa rekutarisa vanopikisa uye nezvimwe. mikana iri kuvandudzwa.
Musi wa18 Ndira, bhiri rakapasiswa mukuverenga kwekutanga, richibvumira makambani makuru ehurumende kana kuti chikamu chehurumende kuti agadzire makondirakiti awo kubva kumabhizinesi madiki nepakati. Nokuda kweizvi, kwete chete matanho ekutsigira mari achashandiswa, asiwo mafomu emutemo uye maitiro. Saka mafemu madiki achawana ruzivo rwekushandira pamwe nevatengi vakakura.
Pane rubatsiro rwemahara here rwekuvhura nekusimudzira bhizinesi kubva kuhurumende?
• rubatsiro kubva kumari yekutsigira bhizinesi. Semuenzaniso, munharaunda yeNovgorod kune Creative Economy Development Fund;
• rubatsiro rwekutanga bhizinesi kubva kuEmployment Center;
• rubatsiro kumatunhu pasi pezvirongwa zvekutsigira bhizimusi revechidiki kana vakadzi;
• rubatsiro kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuita sedzekurima;
• kondirakiti yemagariro kubva kukuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kuti ivhure bhizinesi kune avo vane mari shoma.
Andrey Andreev akacherechedza kuti kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurumende uye zvipo zvekutanga nekuvandudza bhizinesi pane zvisingagoneki. Semuyenzaniso, muMoscow pari zvino mave nemapurogiramu ekugadzirwa kwemacheni echikafu chekukurumidza kubva pa1 kusvika ku5 miriyoni rubles, pakugadzira maindasitiri anotsiva kunze kwenyika - anosvika zana remamiriyoni rubles, rubatsiro rwemuripo weanosvika 100% yemitengo. kudzidzisa vashandi vemakambani uye vatengesi vega.
Zvitubu zve
- 209-FZ http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_52144/
- 209-FZ chinyorwa 14 chaKubvumbi 24.04.2007, 01.01.2022, sezvakagadziridzwa muna Ndira 52144, XNUMX http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_XNUMX/
- Budget Code of the Federation” yaChikunguru 31.07.1998, 145 N 28.05.2022-FZ (yakagadziriswa muna Chivabvu 19702, XNUMX) http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_XNUMX/
- https://www.nalog.gov.ru/rn77/anticrisis2022/
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