Iwe unogona kurima mhando dzakawanda dzehowa uri wega. Uye morels hazvina mutsauko. Kudzirima mubindu rekuseri kwemba pamibhedha yakanyatsogadzirwa kana nzvimbo dzakarimwa musango chinhu chinonakidza uye hachinyanyonetsa. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuwana yemhando yepamusoro mycelium ye morels uye kunyatsotevera kurudziro yekurima iyi mhando yehowa.
Morels ndewemhuri yeMorchkovy (Morshellovy). Vakakurumbira ndivo c. kureba, ane conical, ane steppe, s. zvinodyiwa (chaiyo) uye morel chivharo. Ese marudzi aya anogona kurimwa.
Morels inokura kupi uye inotaridzika sei?
Musango, howa hwemhuri yemorel hunokura mumamiriro ekunze anodziya eNorthern Hemisphere kubva kuEurope kuenda kuAmerica, uye hunowanikwawo muAustralia uye pazvitsuwa zvakati kuSouthern Hemisphere. Morels anokura zvakanyanya munzvimbo yesango, achifarira masango ane mashizha akasanganiswa kana akasanganiswa, asi dzimwe nguva anomerawo pakati pemapine, kazhinji achigara mumapaki nenzvimbo dzepaki dzesango. Ese marudzi mashanu anozivikanwa emhando dzemorels anokura muNyika Yedu, anowanikwa pese pese - kubva kusango-tundra zone kumaodzanyemba kusvika kusango-steppe zone kuchamhembe, kubva kumadokero kwekunze kwechikamu cheEurope kusvika kuFar East, vakapararira muUrals uye Siberia. Munzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba kweNyika Yedu, vanowanzodyara pamberi pemagadheni nelawn, vachifarira ivhu rejecha, saka ivo vanowanzokura munzvimbo dzemafashama, kumahombekombe ehova, vanofarira kugara munzvimbo dzakachena uye madota esango.
Morels anowanzo kutorwa semuchirimo howa, munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kwechikamu cheEuropean Nyika Yedu vanokura kubva muna Kubvumbi - kutanga kwaChivabvu, pakati nekuchamhembe nzvimbo vanotanga kubereka michero kubva muhafu yechipiri yaMay kusvika June. Mumamiriro okunze akanaka, howa hunogonawo kuwanikwa mumatsutso anodziya.
Nechimiro chekudya kwavo, morels vamiriri vanomiririra saprophytic fungi, saka, fungi vemhuri iyi vanosarudza ivhu rakaorera recalcareous kuti rikure pakati peuswa hwakafumiswa nemarara echirimwa, asi hunogona kuwanikwawo mumarara eguta, kazhinji akapfuma mukuora organic komisheni.
MuEurope, morels akatanga kurimwa mumagadheni avo, mapaki uye mumibhedha yatove pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. MaGermany aive pakati pevekutanga kuona kuti morels anokura zviri nani pamadota, uye akatanga kumwaya madota pamibhedha.
Mukukura kwemaindasitiri howa, kunyanya matatu marudzi emorels anorimwa: real morel, conical morel uye morel cap - sevamiriri vemhuri iyi.
Kunze, morels anotaridzika zvakasiyana pane mamwe hat howa. Iyo kapu yemorel, zvichienderana nerudzi rwayo, ine kana conical kana ovoid-yakatenderedzwa elongated chimiro, iyo pamusoro iyo yakafukidzwa nerutivi rwemapeta akadzika. Muvara wehowa unosiyana kubva kune grey-brown kusvika kune yakasviba chokoreti, inenge yakasviba. Micheto yevhavha mune mamwe marudzi inonamatira kune stem. Dzinde iri cylindrical, senge cap, ine mhango mukati.
Kureba kwefungus kunosvika 10 cm. Iyo pulp yemorel haina kusimba, iri nyore kuputsika uye yakaputsika, inonakidza mukuravira, asi haina kutaurwa kunhuhwirira kwehowa. Munyika zhinji dzeEurope neAmerica, conical morel chinhu chinonaka.
Ese marudzi emorels anoonekwa seanodyiwa howa, akakodzera kudyiwa nevanhu mushure mekubikira kwavo kwekutanga.
Nzira yekuberekesa morels
Unogona kurima morels uchishandisa imwe yeaviri matekinoroji: French - mumibhedha yakanyatsogadzirwa - uye chiGerman, mubindu. Nzira mbiri idzi dzine chekuita nekurimwa kwehowa hwakakura, izvo zvinoda nzvimbo dzakakura kuti dziwane goho guru. Nzira dzakasimba dzekurima howa uhu pazvikafu zvinovaka muviri mudzimba dziri kuvandudzwa nemasayendisiti ekuAmerica, asi nzira idzi dzekurima howa hadzisati dzashandiswa zvakanyanya.
Morels mune zvakasikwa anofarira nzvimbo dzakavhenekerwa zvakanaka dzine ivhu rakapfuma; howa hunodavirwa zvikuru nekupinzwa kwemadota nemaapuro ane kudya kunovaka muvhu. Ndiwo maitiro aya ehowa echisikigo akaumba hwaro hwenzira dzeFrench neGerman dzekurima kwavo.
Zviri nani kupfuya mamorel mumunda wemichero kana munzvimbo yakasarudzika yesango rinomera remakumi mashanu, uko mumvuri chaiwo kubva pamiti unopa howa huwandu hunodiwa hwekuvhenekera uye panguva imwe chete huhudzivirira kubva kuzuva rakananga. Paunenge uchigadzira mibhedha, zvinofanirwa kurangarirwa kuti howa haashiviriri chitubu chemvura yakadzikama, saka, munzvimbo yakatsaurirwa, inodiwa kuita yakanaka drainage system yekudonha mvura yakanyungudika.
Usati watanga kukura morels pane saiti, ivhu repamusoro rinofanira kutsiviwa neyakagadzirirwa substrate. Inogadzirirwa kubva muvhu remubindu kumaruva akasanganiswa nesawdust nemadota maererano nenzira inotevera: pamavhoriyamu matanhatu egadheni evhu, wedzera hafu yehuwandu hwesawdust uye vhoriyamu imwe yemadota. Musanganiswa wevhu wakagadzirirwa unofanirwa kusanganiswa uye kuiswa mumucheka we 10-centimita pamabhedha akashongedzerwa. Iyo substrate yakaiswa inofanira kudiridzwa pamwero we10 malita emvura kune imwe neimwe mita yemubhedha.
Sezvo nekurima kwemamwe marudzi ehowa, pakudyara zviri nani kushandisa kwete howa dzakakura pabonde dzakaunganidzwa musango, asi morel mycelium inotengwa kubva kune vanovimba nevatengesi. Mushure mokunge mubhedha wagadzirirwa, mycelium inogoverwa pamusoro pepamusoro pese, zvino yakafukidzwa ne-6-cm yevhu yakabviswa kubva pamibhedha panguva yekuvakwa kwemibhedha. Ivhu rakanyoroveswa zvishoma nediki rekudiridza kana sprinkler yakakosha, mushure mezvo mubhedha wakafukidzwa nezvinhu zvakachengetwa zvakachengetwa: mashanga, matavi maduku, mashizha; unogona kushandisa, sezvinoita French, apple pomace.
Mushure mekudyara mibhedha ne mycelium, zvakakosha kutarisa hunyoro hwe substrate. Sezvo ivhu richioma, rinofanirwa kunyoroveswa nemafuta akakosha anosimudzira kukurumidza uye nekuwedzera kukura kwefungi. Imwe yemakomboni aya, inonzi Baikal-EM-1, inogadzirwa neindasitiri yezvekurima. Kuti uwedzere fruiting, mubhedha unosaswa pamusoro nemucheka mutete wedota. Paunenge uchishandisa apple pomace, madota anogona kusiiwa zvakare. Kubereka kunoitika gore rimwe chete mushure mekudyara, kunogara munzvimbo imwe kubva pamakore matatu kusvika mashanu, uye hazvidi mari yakawanda uye inonyanya kukodzera mapurazi madiki ehowa kana vanorima howa. Mumatsutso, mibhedha yakadyarwa ne mycelium inofanirwa kuvharwa neshanga, uswa nemashizha. Muchirimo, pakarepo mushure mokunge chando chanyunguduka uye kutonhora kwakanaka kunosimbiswa, ichi chifukidzo chekudzivirira chinobviswa, chichisiya chidimbu chakaonda chemiti yemiti. Sezvo mutemo, mavhiki 3-5 mushure mekubviswa kwechifukidziro chekudzivirira, howa inotanga kubereka michero.
Morels inounganidzwa zvakanyatsonaka nekuda kwekusasimba kwayo, kumonyorora howa, kuibata negumbo kana kucheka nebanga. Howa hwakagadzirirwa hunogona kuomeswa kana kuendeswa kumisika husina kubikwa, asi morels, nekuda kwekusasimba kwavo, vanokurumidza kurasikirwa nemharidzo yavo panguva yekufambisa.