Truffles anobatsira uye anodhura zvakanyanya howa. Mutengo wekirogiramu imwe yemitumbi inobereka michero inogona kusvika zviuru zveeuro. Naizvozvo, kana iwe ukagona hunyanzvi tekinoroji yekukura truffles uye kugadzira mamiriro akakwana ekukura aya howa, unogona kuzvipfumisa iwe pachako. Ichokwadi, kukohwa kuchafanira kumirira kwenguva yakareba (kusvika kumakore manomwe). Uye nguva yose iyi, nzvimbo yakadyarwa ne mycelium haifaniri kutsikwa pasi.
Truffle (kubva ku lat. Tuber) - ndeyemhando yemarsupial mushroom. Muchero wemuchero wefungus une tuberous, nyama, inokura pasi pevhu pakadzika 10-20 cm. Kune marudzi akawanda e truffles. Chaizvoizvo, truffles inokura mumasango ekumaodzanyemba kweFrance nekuchamhembe kweItaly, asi inowanikwawo muNyika Yedu, Belarus, our country, uye Central Asia.
Nzira yekukura nayo truffle mushroom inotsanangurwa pane ino peji.
Ko truffles inoratidzika sei?
Iyo truffle inonzi saprophyte. Iyo inoumba mycorrhiza nemidzi yemiti yakaita semuoki uye beech, uye inodya pane organic matter kubva muvhu. Mitumbi inobereka michero, sekutonga, haina kurongeka yakatsetseka, yakatenderedzwa kana oval muchimiro. Nzvimbo yacho ine fibrous. Ruvara rwetruffle runoenderana nerudzi rwayo. Muchirevo chechinyorwa, howa hunogona kufanana nembatatisi kana kuve nechimiro chemarble. Panogona kunge paine mitsetse ine marimu asina ruvara. Mabhegi akaita sebhegi, ane spherical spores uye blunt spines. Haasi marudzi ese ematruffle anodyiwa. Iyo inonyanya kukosha ndeyeFrench nhema, kana Perigord, uye chena Piedmontese truffles. Munyika Yedu, pane kunyanya rudzi rumwe rwetruffle - zhizha. Howa uhu hunotsvakwa pachishandiswa imbwa nenguruve dzakanyatsodzidziswa. Dzimwe nguva iwe unogona kuzvimiririra kuwana truffles pasi pemashizha akaora - midges inotenderera pamusoro pavo.
Dema, kana chando, truffle ine yakatenderedzwa tuberous michero muviri ine isina kuenzana pamusoro pedema kana rima grey. Ukuru hwayo hunosiyana kubva kune walnut kusvika kune apuro yepakati. Iyo pulp yemuviri wechibereko yakatsvuka, mushure mekuibva inova yepepuru-yakasviba. Howa uhu hune kunhuhwirira kwakasimba uye kuravira kwakapfava.
Howa hunodyiwa hune zvinhu zviri mumiti nemhuka. Huwandu hwavo uye kutarisisa hazvisi nguva dzose uye zvinoenderana nemwaka, mamiriro ekunze, ecology uye mamwe mamiriro. Muzhizha, nekushayikwa kwekunyorova, kusangana kwezvinhu zvemhuka muhowa kunowedzera zvakanyanya, uye howa pachayo inova chepfu kubva pane izvi.
Iyo truffles inotaridzika sei inoratidzwa mumifananidzo iyi:
Maitiro ekukura truffles nenzira kwayo
Kukura howa senge black truffles zvinogoneka chete muoki, hornbeam, walnut uye beech groves. Iri pamidzi yemiti iyi iyo fungus inokura, ichiita mycorrhiza pamwe chete navo. Iwe unogona kushandisa masango echisikigo kana kunyanya kudyarwa. Imwe mamiriro akakosha ekukura kwefungus iyi inodziya mamiriro ekunze. Iyo truffle haibvumiri kutonhora kwakanyanya munguva yechando uye kutonhora kwakanyanya muzhizha. Inoda mwaka wechando wakapfava uye chirimo chinotonhorera, chine mwando. Truffles inogona kungorimwa muvhu recalcareous. Mukuwedzera, ivhu rinofanira kunge rakanyoroveswa uye rakapfuma mune zvinovaka muviri.
Kurimwa kwematruffles kunosvika pakukandira minda uye kuwedzera ivhu kubva kunzvimbo dzinogara howa kusvika muvhu.
Usati wakura truffles, zvakakosha zvikuru kusarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera yemiti pamidzi iyo howa huchakura. Inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kubva kune zvese zvakanyanyisa mamiriro ekunze, yakadzivirirwa kubva kune zvimwe zvirimwa pamwe nemhuka. Ivhu rinofanira kusunungurwa kubva kumakwenzi uye mamwe fungi. Iyo saiti inofanirwa kunge iri pane imwe chinhambwe kubva kune mimwe miti inogona kukanganisa kukura uye kukura kwetruffles. Ivhu rinofanira kuongororwa pH. Sei uchiisa muenzaniso wevhu mumudziyo muduku uye udururire vhiniga shoma shoma mairi. Kana iyo musanganiswa inoputika zvishoma, saka ivhu harina kukodzera truffles - inoda kuva alkaline. Kuti uite izvi, lime inofanira kuwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma pasi. Zvadaro unoda kudyara miti yakawanda - oak, hazel, beech, hornbeam.
Kuti unyatso kubereka truffles, iyo mycelium inofanira kuunzwa pamwe nevhu rakatorwa kubva kunzvimbo yechisikigo yehowa. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuchera mycelium pakadzika 10-15 cm uye uiise pedyo nemiti. Iwe unogonawo kuputsa muchero wakaibva muviri wefungus muzvidimbu zvakawanda uye uise pedyo nemidzi yembeu. Ikozvino mamwe makambani anotengesa mbesa dzemuti wewanu dzine truffle spores dzakatobatanidzwa. Pakudyara miti yakadaro, imwe ivhu kubva kunzvimbo yekugara haidiwi. Mycelium transplantation inofanira kuitwa mukupera kwezhizha kana kutanga kwematsutso.
Mamiriro akakosha ekukura truffles akawandisa uye anogara achidiridza muchirimo muzhizha nemvura inodziya. Unofanirawo kuona kuti hapana anoitsika. Kukohwa kunoonekwa makore 5-7 mushure mekudyara mbesa. Fruiting inotora makore 25-30. Mitumbi yezvibereko inowanzowanikwa muvhu mumatendere e 3-7 zvidimbu chimwe nechimwe. Kana matruffles aibva, ivhu riri pamusoro pawo rinosimuka zvishoma, uye uswa huri pedyo nedendere hunooma. Zviratidzo izvi zvinoshanda sekutanga kwekukohwa. Sezvo mutemo, truffles inoibva muvhuvhu uye inokohwewa kusvika munguva yechando. Howa imwe neimwe inofanira kuputirwa mumucheka uye kuiswa mumucheka wakaoma - nenzira iyi unyoro hunochengetwa muhowa. Uyezve, havafaniri kubviswa zvachose panyika. Ivhu rinodzivirira howa kubva pakuravira uye kubva kuutachiona. Howa dzinofanira kuchengetwa mufiriji.