Yechipiri pamuviri inonzi Ultrasound, inonzi morphological ultrasound, inhanho yakakosha pakuongorora pamuviri nekuti inokwanisa kuona kukanganisa kwe "fetus". Kune vabereki, zvakare chinhu chakakosha: icho chekuwana bonde remwana.

Yechipiri Ultrasound inoitika pazuva rechishanu rekuzvitakura, pakati pemasvondo makumi maviri nerimwe nemakumi maviri nemana ekuzvarwa, zvakanaka pamavhiki makumi maviri nemaviri.

Hazvisi zvekumanikidzwa asi chikamu chebvunzo dzakarongwa panguva yekutevera yekuzvitakura uye inokurudzirwa zvakanyanya.

Pakuyedzwa uku, hazvifanirwe kutsanya kana kuve nedundira rakazara. Kune rumwe rutivi, hazvikurudzirwi kuisa kirimu kana mafuta mudumbu mukati memaawa makumi mana nemasere anotangira ultrasound kuitira kuti usakanganisa kunaka kwechifananidzo.

Murapi anopfekedza dumbu raamai-va-va-vane mvura ine gelled kuti ifambise nzira yeultrasound. Zvadaro, achafambisa probe padumbu kuti awane mifananidzo yakasiyana, kana kuti zvikamu, zvemwana. Iyi yechipiri ultrasound inotora nguva yakati rebei kupfuura yekutanga nekuti inodzidza nemaitiro akazara anatomy yemwana.

Chinangwa chikuru cheiyi Ultrasound ndechekutsvaga morphological abnormalities. Murapi anodzidzira nhengo yega yega nekugadzira zvikamu zvakachinjika zvinobvumira, pane imwe neimwe "nhanho", kudzora kuvepo uye chimiro chemitezo yakasiyana: moyo, uropi, nhengo dzakasiyana dzedumbu (dumbu, dundira, ura) , mitezo ina yose.

Panguva yekuongorora uku ndipo panowanikwa kukanganisa kwe "fetus" zviri nyore. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo iri kuwedzera uye inoshanda uye yakaoma, morphological ultrasound haisi 100% yakavimbika. Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti fetal anomaly, kunyange iripo panguva ino yekuzvitakura, haisi kuonekwa panguva iyi ye ultrasound. Izvi zvinoitika kana malformation isiri kana kuti isingasviki mumufananidzo, nzvimbo ye "fetus" inovhara malformation, kana kana amai venguva yemberi vakafuta. Subcutaneous adipose tissue inogona kupindira nekufamba kwe ultrasound uye kuchinja kunaka kwemufananidzo.

Munguva iyi yechipiri ultrasound, murapi anotarisawo:

• kukura kwemwana uchishandisa biometrics (kuyera kwebhiparietal dhayamita, cranial perimeter, abdominal perimeter, kureba kwefemoral, transverse abdominal diameter) mhedzisiro yacho inofananidzwa nekukura;
• iyo placenta (ukobvu, chimiro, chiyero chekuisa);
• huwandu hweamniotic fluid;
• kuvhura kwemukati memuromo wechibereko kunyanya kana paine macontraction.

Ndipo panguva iyi yechipiri yeultrasound apo kuziviswa kwebonde remwana kunoitika - kana vabereki vachida kuzviziva hongu - uye kana mwana akamira zvakanaka. Panguva ino yekuzvitakura, nhengo dzekunze dzekunze dzinoumbwa uye dzinozivikanwa mumufananidzo, asi pane nguva dzose pane zvishoma zvekukanganisa, zvichienderana nechinzvimbo chemucheche kunyanya.

A Doppler dzimwe nguva inoitwa panguva iyi ultrasound. Nemanzwi akanyorwa pane girafu, inobatsira kudzora kubuda kweropa mumidziyo yakasiyana-siyana uye tsinga (uterine arteries, umbilical arteries, cerebral arteries). Icho chishandiso chinopindirana chekudzora kukura kwe "fetus" mune mamwe mamiriro ane njodzi kana matambudziko ekuzvara (1):

• gestational chirwere cheshuga;
• neBP;
• fetal kushungurudzika;
• kukura kunonoka muchibereko (IUGR);
• kusagadzikana kweamniotic fluid (oligoamnios, hydramnios);
• fetal malformation;
• monochorial pamuviri (mapatya pamuviri ane placenta imwe chete);
• chirwere chemadzimai chisati chavapo (hypertension, lupus, nephropathy);
• nhoroondo ye obstetric vascular pathologies (IUGR, pre-eclampsia, placental abruption);
• nhoroondo yekufa muchibereko.

Panguva ino yekuzvitakura, mwana anenge 25 cm kubva kumusoro kusvika kutsoka, hafu yehukuru hwake hwekuzvarwa. Inorema 500 gr chete. Tsoka dzayo dzinenge 4cm (2).

Anenge achine nzvimbo yakawanda yekufamba, kunyange kana amai vachange vasingawanzonzwa kufamba uku. Haakwanise kuona asi anonzwa kubatwa. Anorara maawa anenge 20 pazuva.

Makumbo ake, maoko ake anoratidza zvakajeka, uye kunyange maoko ake ane zvigunwe zvakanyatsogadzirwa. Muchidimbu, chimiro chemhino yake chinobuda. Mwoyo waro wakakura semuorivhi, uye mukati maro zvikamu zvina zvese zviripo sezvakaita pulmonary artery uye aorta.

Tinoona dzinenge dzose vertebrae iyo mumufananidzo, inoumba rudzi rwekumira. Haana bvudzi parizvino, asi ari nyore pasi.

Kuvabereki, iyi yechipiri ultrasound ndiyo inonyanya kufadza: mwana akakura zvakakwana zvokuti tinogona kuona zvakajeka chiso chake, maoko ake, makumbo ake, asi achiri maduku zvakakwana kuti aonekwe zvizere pahwindo uye kubvumira kupfupisa kweichi chiduku. atova akaumbwa zvakanaka.

Kana morphological abnormality ichifungidzirwa, amai vanozove vanoendeswa kunzvimbo yeantenatal diagnosis uye / kana referensi sonograph. Dzimwe ongororo dzinoitwa kusimbisa kusanzwisisika uye kunatsa kuongororwa: amniocentesis, MRI, cardiac ultrasound, MRI kana fetal scan, kuputika kweropa remwana, kuongororwa ropa kwevakaroora, nezvimwe.

Dzimwe nguva bvunzo hadzisi tsigiro inomaly. Kutariswa kwepamuviri kunobva kwatangazve sezvakangoita.

Kana iyo inomaly yaonekwa isinganyanyi kukomba, chaiyo yekutevera ichagadziriswa kune yasara yenhumbu. Kana iyo anomaly ichigona kurapwa, kunyanya kuvhiyiwa, kubva pakuzvarwa kana mukati memwedzi yekutanga yehupenyu, zvese zvichange zvakarongeka kuita izvi kutarisira.

Kana kuongororwa kwepamuviri kunosimbisa kuti mwana ari kurwara ne "mamiriro ehumwe simba hunozivikanwa sehusingarapike panguva yekuongororwa" maererano nemagwaro, mutemo (3) unobvumira varwere kuti vakumbire kubvisa pamuviri (IMG) kana " kubvisa pamuviri kwokurapa” panguva ipi neipi yenhumbu. Zvimiro zvakatemerwa zvakatenderwa neBiomedicine Agency, iyo Multidisciplinary Centers yePrenatal Diagnosis (CPDPN), ine basa rekusimbisa kuomarara uye kusapora kweimwe fetal pathologies nekudaro kubvumidza IMG. Idzi zvirwere zvemajini, chromosomal abnormalities, malformation syndromes kana kukanganiswa kwakanyanya (kweuropi, moyo, kusavapo kweitsvo) kusashanda pakuzvarwa uye izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu rwemwana pakuzvarwa kana mumakore ake ekutanga. , utachiona hunogona kudzivirira kurarama kwomwana kana kuti kufa kwake pakuberekwa kana kuti mumakore ake okutanga, zvirwere zvinotungamirira kukuremara kwomuviri kana kuti kwepfungwa kwakakomba.

Munguva iyi yechipiri ultrasound, mamwe matambudziko ekuzvitakura anogona kuonekwa:

• intrauterine kukura retardation (IUGR). Kugara kutarisisa kukura uye Doppler ultrasound inozoitwa;
• kukanganiswa kwepa placenta, senge placenta praevia. An ultrasound inotarisa kushanduka kwe placenta.