Muromo (kubva muchiLatin bucca, “dama”) ndiwo muromo unopinda nawo zvokudya mumuviri. Inoumba chikamu chekutanga chegumbo rekudya muvanhu uye mune dzimwe mhuka uye zvakare inobvumira kufema uye phonation.

Muromo, kana kuti mhango yemuromo, inoumbwa nemhando dzakawanda. Iyo yakasungirirwa mukati nekudzivirira mucous membrane. Inovhura nemiromo. Yakasungwa nechemberi nematama, kumusoro nedenga remuromo iro rinoumbwa nebony palate uye palate yakapfava inotungamira kuseri kwerurimi uye kumatonsi (maviri esymmetrical masasi e lymphatic tissue ari chikamu. ye system immune system). Pazasi, inoganhurwa nepasi pemuromo panogara rurimi. Iyo yakabatanidzwa pasi nefrenulum yerurimi, chidimbu chidiki chemucous membrane chinomisa kufamba kwayo kumashure. Muromo mune shaya dzezasi nedzepamusoro, panogara mazino nemazino.

Nzvimbo yakaganhurirwa kunze nematama nemiromo uye nechomukati nemazino nemazino inoumba vharanda remuromo. Tinogonawo kusiyanisa mhango yakakodzera yemuromo, iyo inogumira mberi uye kumativi nemazino.

Basa rekutanga remuromo kuve musuwo wekudya kuti utange kugaya. Chikafu chinopwanyika nekutsengwa nemazino chosanganiswa nemate ane muto wekugaya. Rurimi runobatanidzwa mukusanganiswa uku uye runosundira chikafu mu pharynx: uku kumedza.

Rurimi rwakafukidzwawo pamusoro parwo nematavi anosanganisirwa mukuravira. Iyo yemuromo inobvumira kusangana kwevanhu kuburikidza nekutaura kana maitiro akafanana nekutsvoda. Chikamu chekufema chinobvumirwawo kuburikidza nemuromo.

Ankyloglossie : kukanganisa kwekuzvarwa kwefrenulum yerurimi iyo ipfupi kana kuoma zvakanyanya. Kufambisa rurimi kunoganhurirwa, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuyamwisa kwemwana uye kutaura kwapashure. Mushonga wekuvhiya: incision (frenotomy) kana chikamu chefrenulum (frenectomy).

Maronda emuromo : aya maronda madiki epamusoro anowanzo gadzira pachuru mukati memukanwa: mukati mematama, rurimi, mukati memuromo, mukanwa kana mazamu.

Halitosis (kufema kwakashata): kazhinji, mabhakitiriya aripo parurimi kana mazino anobudisa kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi. Kunyangwe halitosis idambudziko diki rehutano, rinogona kuramba richikonzera kushushikana uye hurema hwemagariro. Inogona kukonzerwa nezvimwe zvokudya, zvakadai sokusava neutsanana kana utachiona.

Genital herpes : Inozivikanwa nemazita akakurumbira e "chironda chinotonhora" kana "chironda chinotonhora", maronda anotonhora anoratidzwa nekuonekwa kweboka rezvipembenene zvinorwadza, kazhinji pamiromo uye kumativi ose. Chirwere chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunonzi herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).

Gingivitis : kuzvimba kwemazamu. Idzi dzinova dzvuku, kushatirwa, kuzvimba kana dzakagara dzakasimba uye dzakacheneruka pink. Vanogona kubuda ropa nyore, kunyanya kana vachikwesha mazino.

Periodontitis: kuzvimba kwemasumbu akakomberedza uye anotsigira mazino, anonzi "periodontium". Aya matishu anosanganisira chingamu, simbi dzinotsigira dzinodaidzwa kuti periodontium, uye bhonzo umo mazino akasungirirwa. Chirwere chebhakitiriya mavambo, chinoitika kakawanda kana maitiro ekudzivirira muviri apera simba.

Oral mbiriso chirwere : mbiriso yehutachiona hwemukanwa nekuda kwekuwanda kwefungus inongoitika, candida albicans. Zvikonzero zvacho zvakawanda: pamuviri, muromo wakaoma, kuzvimba, chirwere cheshuga ... Inogona kuratidzwa nekuonekwa kwe "muget" chena: rurimi nematama zvinova zvitsvuku, zvinooma uye zvinovharwa ne plaques. chena.

Lichen chirongwa buccal : lichen planus chirwere cheganda chisingazivikanwi chinogona kukanganisa muromo wemuromo. Zvironda zveganda zvinowanzowanikwa kumativi ose emuromo. Mutsara wematama, kuseri kwerurimi, uye matinji anowanzo batwa nemaronda anoita seyepepuru kukwenya ( itchy sensation) mapules anogona kuvharwa nechinhu chichena. Chirwere chisingaperi chisina kurapwa, chinozviratidza nenguva dzekudzoka uye kuregererwa.

Muromo wakaoma (xerostomia) : Inoratidzirwa nekushaikwa mukubuda kwemate, izvo zvinoratidza kurwiswa kwemate. Zvinonyanya kuratidza zviratidzo miromo inonamira kana kusavapo kwemate pasi perurimi. Kuongororwa kunoitwa nachiremba kugadzirisa kurapwa.

Gomarara remuromo : bundu rinotyisa rinotangira mumaseru emukanwa.

Inokura pasi pemuromo, rurimi, tonsils, mukanwa, matama, mazamu nemiromo. Sekureva kweNational Cancer Institute (7), chikamu che70% chegomarara remukanwa vanoonekwa vanonoka, izvo zvinoderedza mikana yekupora. Kana gomarara remukanwa raonekwa kare, ndipo panobva panyanya kurapa kwacho.

Amygdalite : kuzvimba uye hutachiona hwematoni zvichitevera kusangana nehutachiona kana bhakitiriya. Vanowedzera muhukuru uye vanova nemarwadzo, kazhinji vachipindira nekumedza. Kutora mishonga (anti-inflammatory drugs nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana zvichidiwa) inowanzokwana kupedza zviratidzo.

Cleft palate lip : Inozivikanwa semuromo usina kunaka wakatsemuka, imhaka yekuzvarwa inokonzerwa nekusangana kwakashata kwemuromo wepamusoro uye / kana mukanwa weembryo panguva yekukura kwayo (6). Inorapwa nekuvhiyiwa.

Kazhinji, zvakakosha kuchengetedza hutsanana hwemukanwa uye kuti muromo wako utariswe panguva yekutaurirana nachiremba kana chiremba wemazino. Zvironda zvinogona kuoneka uye hazvisi nyore kuona, izvo zvingave zvakadaro nekenza yemuromo. Kukurumidza kuona kunowedzera mikana yekupora. Izvi zvinonyanya kurudziro kune vanoputa uye vanogara vachinwa doro vanofarirwa negomarara (7).

Nezvehutano hwakanaka, mamwe madhiragi anozivikanwa kukurudzira kuitika kwe candidiasis. Broad-spectrum antibiotics (8), kureva kuti inoshanda kurwisa nhamba huru yemhuri dzebhakitiriya (amoxicillin kana penicillin semuenzaniso), corticosteroids, antacid zvinodhaka (kuderedza acidity yemudumbu) kana neuroleptics (iyo inoderedza kugadzirwa kwe mate) mienzaniso.

Kuongororwa nemuromo : kuongorora kwekuona kunoitwa nachiremba kana chiremba wemazino anoongorora mazino, mazino, rurimi, zvinyoro zvinyoro pasi perurimi, muromo uye mukati mematama. Inovavarira kudzivirira chero dambudziko remazino kana kurwara kwepamuromo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuongororwa kwekutanga kunoitwa kuchibvumira kukurumidza kutonga kweiyo pathology (9).

Medical imaging bvunzo:

Aya maitiro anobatsira kuona huwandu kune zvimwe zvimiro zvegomarara remuromo.

• Radiography: nzira yekurapa yekufungidzira inoshandisa X-rays. Ndiyo yakajairwa referensi bvunzo, yekutanga nhanho yekumanikidzira uye dzimwe nguva inokwana kuongororwa.
• Scanner: nzira yekuongorora yekufungidzira iyo inosanganisira "kuvheneka" nzvimbo yakapihwa yemuviri kuitira kugadzira mifananidzo yakachinjika, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwe X-ray danda. Izwi rekuti "scanner" ndiro zita remuchina wekurapa, asi rinowanzoshandiswa kutumidza bvunzo. Isu tinotaurawo nezve computed tomography kana computed tomography.
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): kuongororwa kwekurapa kwezvinangwa zvekuongorora kunoitwa pachishandiswa cylindrical mudziyo hombe umo magineti nemasaisai eredhiyo anogadzirwa kugadzira mifananidzo chaiyo, mu2D kana 3D, yemuromo. MRI inongororwa ine simba kwazvo yekudzidza tumors (chimiro uye chimiro).
• PET Scan: inonziwo positron emission tomography (PET kana kuti “positron emission tomography” muChirungu) bvunzo yekufungidzira inokubvumira kuona kushanda kwenhengo (functional imaging). Inobatanidza jekiseni rechigadzirwa cheradioactive chinoonekwa mukufungidzira uye kutorwa kwemifananidzo ne scanner.

Endoscopy / Fibroscopic: referensi yekuongorora iyo inoita kuti zvikwanise kuona zvimiro zvemukati zvemuviri nekuda kwekuunzwa kwechubhu inochinjika inonzi fiberscope kana endoscope iyo ine makamera madiki. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa kuona nzvimbo dzinofungidzirwa uye kutungamira kuongororwa kwegomarara.

Biopsy: kuongorora kunosanganisira kubvisa chidimbu chetishu kana nhengo. Icho chidimbu chakabviswa chinoiswa pasi pekuongororwa microscopic uye / kana biochemical ongororo kuti isimbise kenza yebundu, semuenzaniso.

Amygdalectomy : kuvhiyiwa kunosanganisira kubviswa kwematoni. Inoitwa mu80% yezviitiko zvinotevera hypertrophy (yakawandisa tonsils) iyo inovharira nzira dzemhepo uye nokudaro kukanganisa kufema. Mu20% yezviitiko, zvinotevera zvakadzokororwa tonsillitis inoperekedzwa nemarwadzo uye fivha. Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, uku hakusi kuita nhando: kunoda kutariswa pane imwe nyaya-ne-kesi hwaro uye kutarisisa kwakakosha mushure mekuvhiyiwa (11).

Frenotomy : kuchekwa kwefrenum yerurimi. Kupindira kunoratidzwa munyaya ye ankyloglossia. Inobvumira kureba kwefrenulum kudzorera mabasa erurimi. Inogona kuitwa munharaunda uchishandisa laser.

Phenectomy : kubviswa kwefrenulum yerurimi. Kupindira kunoratidzwa munyaya ye ankyloglossia. Inobvumira kubviswa kwefrenulum iyo ine simba rekudzorera mabasa erurimi. Inogona kuitwa munharaunda uchishandisa laser.

Muromo inzvimbo ine erogenous, mune varume nevakadzi, kubva mukuyaruka. Icho chiratidzo chehupenzi uye kunyengedza.

Muromo unogona kufananidzwa negonhi, rinoburitsa kana kubuda mashoko nemanzwi. Mafungiro egonhi aya tinoawana apo izwi rokuti muromo rinoshandiswa kureva mukova werwizi (13).

MuEgipita yekare, yakanga iri tsika yokuzarura muromo womushakabvu kuitira kuti mweya wake udzokere mumuviri wake. Saka mweya wakachengetedzwa munguva inotevera.