Rega kudzokorora kukanganisa
Maererano naPurofesa Anders Eriksson weYunivhesiti yeFlorida, maminitsi 60 anopedzwa uchiita “basa rakakodzera” ari nani kupfuura chitsama chipi nechipi chenguva inopedzerwa kudzidza pasina muitiro wakajeka. Kuona nzvimbo dzinoda basa uyezve kugadzira hurongwa hwakanangana hwekushanda pazviri kwakakosha. Ericsson inodana maitiro aya "kuita nemaune."
Ericsson akapedza chikamu chiri nani chemakumi matatu emakore achiongorora kuti nyanzvi dzepamusoro, kubva kune vaimbi kuenda kune vanovhiya, vanosvika sei pamusoro pemunda wavo. Maererano naye, kukudziridza mafungiro akanaka kwakakosha kupfuura tarenda chete. “Zvagara zvichitendwa kuti kuti uve akanakisa, waifanira kuzvarwa wakadaro, nekuti zvinonetsa kugadzira masters epamusoro, asi izvi zvakaipa,” anodaro.
Vatsigiri vekuita nemaune vanowanzotsoropodza nzira yatinodzidziswa nayo muchikoro. Vadzidzisi vemimhanzi, semuenzaniso, tanga nezvinokosha: mimhanzi yemashizha, makiyi, uye maverengero emimhanzi. Kana iwe uchida kuenzanisa vadzidzi nemumwe, iwe unofanirwa kuvaenzanisa pane akareruka chinangwa matanho. Kudzidzira kwakadai kunofambisira magiredhi, asi zvakare kunogona kukanganisa vanotanga vasingafungi kusvika pachinangwa chavo chekupedzisira, kuridza mimhanzi yavanoda nekuti vari kuita mabasa asina basa kwavari. “Ndinofunga kuti nzira yakarurama yokudzidza nayo inopesana,” anodaro Max Deutsch ane makore 26, uyo akadzidza nokukurumidza kusvika pakunyanyisa. Muna 2016, San Francisco-based Deutsch yakaisa chinangwa chekudzidza gumi nembiri hunyanzvi hunyanzvi kusvika pachiyero chepamusoro, chimwe chete pamwedzi. Wekutanga aibata nemusoro deki yemakadhi mumaminetsi maviri pasina kukanganisa. Kupedzwa kwebasa iri kunoonekwa sechikumbaridzo cheGrandmastership. Yekupedzisira yaive yekuzvidzidzisa kutamba chess kubva pakutanga uye kurova Grandmaster Magnus Carlsen mumutambo.
“Tanga uine chinangwa. Chii chandinofanira kuziva kana kukwanisa kuita kuti ndizadzise chinangwa changu? Zvadaro gadzira hurongwa hwekusvika ikoko uye unamatira pairi. Pazuva rokutanga, ndakati, “Izvi ndizvo zvandichaita mazuva ose.” Ndakafanoronga basa rimwe nerimwe rezuva nezuva. Izvi zvaireva kuti handina kufunga kuti, “Ndine simba here kana kuti ndorimisa?” Nokuti ndakazvitemera. Yakave chikamu chakakosha chezuva, "Deutsch inodaro.
Deutsch yakakwanisa kuita basa iri nekushanda nguva yakazara, kuenda kweawa pazuva uye kusapotsa kurara kwemaawa masere. Maminitsi 45 kusvika ku60 zuva rega rega kwemazuva 30 akanga akakwana kupedza kuedza kwega kwega. "Chimiro chakaita 80% yebasa rakaoma," anodaro.
Kuita nemaune kunogona kuita sekujaira kwauri, sezvo yaive hwaro hwemutemo weawa gumi wakafarirwa naMalcolm Gladwell. Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvekutanga zveEriksson nezvekuita nemaune chakakurudzira kushandisa maawa 10, kana angangoita makore gumi, pakudzidziswa kwakanangwa kusvika pamusoro mumunda wako. Asi pfungwa yekuti chero munhu anoshandisa maawa 000 pane chimwe chinhu anozova shasha ndeyekunyepedzera. “Unofanira kudzidzira uine chinangwa, uye izvozvo zvinoda humwe hunhu. Izvi hazvisi zvenguva yakazara inoshandiswa pakudzidzira, inofanira kuenderana nekwaniso yemudzidzi. Uye nezve maitiro ekuongorora basa rakaitwa: kururamisa, shandura, gadzirisa. Hazvina kujeka kuti nei vamwe vanhu vachifunga kuti kana ukaita zvakawanda, ukaita zvikanganiso zvakafanana, unova nani,” anodaro Eriksson.
Isa pfungwa paunyanzvi
Nyika yemitambo yakagamuchira zvakawanda zvezvidzidzo zve Ericsson. Aimbove mutevedzeri wenhabvu akachinja-chinja-maneja Roger Gustafsson akatungamira kirabhu yenhabvu yekuSweden Gothenburg kusvika kumikombe yeligi muma5s, kupfuura chero maneja chero munhoroondo yeligi reSweden. Iye zvino ari mumakore ake makumi matanhatu, Gustafsson achiri kubatanidzwa muhurongwa hwevechidiki hwekirabhu. “Takaedza kudzidzisa vana vane makore 1990 ekuberekwa kuita Barcelona Triangle tichiita nemaune uye vakakurumidza kusimuka mumavhiki mashanu. Vakasvika padanho rekuti vakaita nhamba imwechete yematatu anopfuura seFC Barcelona mumutambo wemakwikwi. Ehe, izvi hazvina kufanana nekutaura kuti vakanaka seBarcelona, asi zvaishamisa kuti vakakurumidza sei kudzidza, "akadaro.
Mukuita nemaune, mhinduro inokosha. Kune vatambi vaGustafsson, vhidhiyo yave chishandiso chakadaro kupa mhinduro nekukurumidza. “Ukangoudza mutambi zvekuita, anogona kusawana mufananidzo wakafanana newe. Anofanira kuzviona uye kuenzanisa nemutambi akazviita zvakasiyana. Vatambi vechidiki vakasununguka chaizvo nemavhidhiyo. Ivo vakajaira kuzvitora ivo pachavo uye mumwe nemumwe. Semurairidzi, zvakaoma kupa mhinduro kumunhu wese, nekuti une vatambi makumi maviri muchikwata. Kuita nemaune kupa vanhu mukana wekuzvipa mhinduro,” anodaro Gustafsson.
Gustafsson anosimbisa kuti nokukurumidza murairidzi anogona kutaura zvaanofunga, zvinokosha zvikuru. Nokugadzirisa zvikanganiso mukurovedza, iwe unopedza nguva shoma uchiita zvinhu zvose zvakaipa.
"Chikamu chinonyanya kukosha pane icho chinangwa chemutambi, vanoda kuda kudzidza," anodaro Hugh McCutcheon, mukuru wevolleyball mudzidzisi paYunivhesiti yeMinnesota. McCutcheon aive murairidzi mukuru wechikwata chevolleyball chevarume vekuAmerica chakahwina goridhe kumakwikwi eBeijing 2008, makore makumi maviri mushure memenduru yake yegoridhe yapfuura. Akazotora chikwata chemadzimai ndokuchitungamira kumarivha kumitambo ya20 kuLondon. "Tine basa rekudzidzisa, uye vane basa rekudzidza," anodaro McCutcheon. “Bani ndicho chokwadi chauchanetseka nacho. Vanhu vanofamba neizvi vari kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwavo. Iko hakuna mazuva ekushandura kwaunoenda kubva kune log kuenda kune nyanzvi. Tarenda harisi rakajairika. Vanhu vakawanda vane tarenda. Uye kushomeka itarenda, kukurudzira uye kutsungirira. "
Nei Chimiro Chichikosha
Kune mamwe emabasa akatorwa neDeutsch, pakanga patova nenzira yakafanotemerwa yekudzidza, sekubata nemusoro dhizaini yemakadhi, kwaanoti 90% yenzira yacho inoitwa zvakanaka. Deutsch aida kushandisa nemaune kudzidzira kune rimwe dambudziko risinganzwisisike iro raizoda kugadzira rake zano: kugadzirisa New York Times Mugovera crossword puzzle. Anoti zvidavado izvi zvainzi zvakaoma zvikuru kugadzirisa zvine hungwaru, asi akafunga kuti anogona kushandisa hunyanzvi hwaakadzidza mumatambudziko apfuura kuti agadzirise.
"Kana ndikaziva 6000 zvinonyanyozivikanwa zviratidzo, izvo zvinozondibatsira sei kugadzirisa puzzle? Iyo puzzles iri nyore ichakubatsira iwe kuwana mhinduro kune yakanyanya kuoma. Hezvino izvo zvandakaita: Ndakamhanyisa zvemukati scraper kubva kune yavo saiti kuti nditore iyo data, uye ipapo ndakashandisa chirongwa kuiyeuka. Ndakadzidza idzo 6000 mhinduro musvondo,” akadaro Deutsch.
Nekushingairira kwakakwana, akakwanisa kudzidza zvose zveizvi zviratidzo zvakajairika. Deutsch akabva atarisa magadzirirwo akaitwa mapuzzle. Mamwe mabhii musanganiswa anowanzo kutevera mamwe, saka kana chikamu chegridi chapera, chinogona kudzikisira mikana yekusara kwemavara nekubvisa mazwi asingafungidzirwe. Kuwedzera mazwi ake chaive chikamu chekupedzisira cheshanduko kubva kune novice crossword solver kuenda kuna master.
"Kazhinji, isu tinorerutsa zvatinogona kuita munguva pfupi uye tinofungidzira izvo zvinotora kuti chimwe chinhu chiitwe," anodaro Deutsch, uyo akakunda pa11 yematambudziko ake gumi nemaviri (kuhwina mutambo wechess wakanzvenga Kubva kwaari). "Nekugadzira chimiro, uri kubvisa ruzha rwepfungwa. Kufunga nezvekuti uchazadzisa sei chinangwa chako cheawa imwe pazuva pamwedzi haisi nguva yakawanda, asi ndeipi nguva yekupedzisira yawakapedza maawa makumi matatu uchiziva uchishanda pane chimwe chinhu?