Mukati
Pakati pefungi yechimiro chinoshamisa chinogona kunzi fruiting miviri inoita semazai. Zvinogona kudyiwa uye zvine chepfu. Howa hwakafanana nezai hunowanikwa mumasango akasiyana-siyana, asi kazhinji vanosarudza ivhu rakasununguka, kazhinji vachigadzira mycorrhiza nemiti yeconiferous uye inodonha yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Hunhu hwehowa hunozivikanwa zvikuru hwakaita sezai hunoratidzwa papeji ino.
Howa hwenyuchi hwendove hwakaita sezai
Grey ndove bete (Coprinus atramentarius).
Mhuri: Zvipembenene zvendove (Coprinaceae).
Mwaka: kupera kwaJune - kupera kwaOctober.
Kukura: mapoka makuru.
Description:
Chivharo chehowa chidiki chine ovoid, uye yakafaranuka sebhero.
Nyama yakareruka, inokurumidza kusviba, inotapira mukuravira. Kumusoro kwechivharo kune grey kana grey-brown, kusviba pakati, kune zvikero zvidiki, zvakasvibira. Mhete yakachena, inokurumidza kupera. Mucheto wechivharo uri kuputika.
Dzinde ichena, yakatsvukira zvishoma pasi, yakatsetseka, ine mhango, kazhinji yakakombama zvine simba. Mahwendefa acho akasununguka, akafara, anowanzoitika; howa hudiki huchena, hunoita hutema mukuchembera, wozoti autolyse (kusviba kuita mvura nhema) pamwe chete nechivharo.
Conditionally edible howa. Inodyiwa chete paudiki mushure mekutanga kufashaira. Kunwa nezvinwiwa zvinodhaka kunokonzera chepfu.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura paivhu rine humus, muminda, magadheni, marara, pedyo nemapfudze uye murwi wemakompositi, mumasango akacheneswa, padyo nehunde uye zvitunha zvehuni.
Nyove chena (Coprinus comatus).
Mhuri: Zvipembenene zvendove (Coprinaceae).
Mwaka: pakati paAugust - pakati paOctober.
Kukura: mapoka makuru.
Description:
Iyo pulp yakachena, yakapfava. Pane tubercle yebrown kumusoro kwecap.
Gumbo rakachena, rine silky sheen, mhango. Mune howa dzakare, mahwendefa uye chivharo zvinogadziriswa.
Chivharo chemudiki fungus chakarebesa ovoid, ipapo yakatetepa bhero, chena kana brownish, yakafukidzwa ne fibrous zviyero. Nezera, mahwendefa anotanga kushanduka pink kubva pasi. Mahwendefa acho akasununguka, akafara, anowanzo, machena.
Iyo howa inodyiwa chete pazera rechidiki (mahwendefa asati asviba). Inofanirwa kugadziriswa pazuva rekuunganidza; inokurudzirwa kufanobika. Hazvifanirwe kusanganiswa nemamwe howa.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura paivhu rakasununguka rakapfuma muorganic fetereza, mumafuro, mapindu emuriwo, mapindu nemapaki.
Chipembenene chinopfakanyika (Coprinus micaceus).
Mhuri: Zvipembenene zvendove (Coprinaceae).
Mwaka: kupera kwaMay - kupera kwaOctober.
Kukura: mapoka kana masumbu.
Description:
Ganda racho rakasviba-yero, muhowa hudiki hukafukidzwa nediki diki diki mazero akaumbwa kubva kune yakaonda yakajairika ndiro. Mahwendefa acho akaonda, kazhinji, akafara, anonamatira; ruvara rwakachena pakutanga, zvino vanobva vaita dema uye kusviba.
Iyo pulp paudiki ichena, inovava kuravira.
Gumbo jena, mhango, isina kusimba; pamusoro payo pakatsetseka kana kuti silky zvishoma. Mucheto wechivharo dzimwe nguva wakabvaruka.
Chivharo chakaita bhero kana kuti ovoid ine furrowed surface.
Conditionally edible howa. Kazhinji haina kuunganidzwa nekuda kwehukuru hudiki uye nekukurumidza autolysis ye caps. Inoshandiswa patsva.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura zvose mumasango, pamatanda emiti inodonha, uye mumapaki eguta, zvivanze, pamakumbo kana pamidzi yemiti yekare uye yakakuvadzwa.
Mazai-akafanana nendove howa anoratidzwa mumifananidzo iyi:
Veselka howa kana dhiyabhorosi (muroyi) zai
Veselka zvakajairika (Phallus impudicus) kana dhiyabhorosi (muroyi) zai.
Mhuri: Veselkovye (Phallaceae).
Mwaka: Chivabvu - Gumiguru.
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka
Tsanangudzo yefungus Veselka (dhiyabhorosi zai):
Zvisaririra zvegoko rezai. Chivharo chakakura chakaita sebhero, chine gomba kumusoro, chakafukidzwa nerima remuorivhi mucus nekunhuhwirira kwezvakaora. Kukura kwekukura mushure mekukura kwezai kunosvika 5 mm paminiti. Kana iyo spore-bearing layer inodyiwa nezvipembenene, chivharo chinova donje mvere dzine masero anooneka zvakajeka.
Gumbo rine sponji, mhango, rine madziro matete.
Muviri wechidiki wemuchero unonzi semi-underground, oval-spherical kana ovoid, 3-5 cm muhupamhi, kunze-chena.
Mitumbi midiki inobereka michero, yakanyungudutswa kubva mugoko rezai uye yakakangwa, inoshandiswa pakudya.
Ecology uye kugovera fungus Veselka (zai remuroyi):
Inokura kazhinji mumasango anotema, inofarira ivhu rakapfuma mu humus. Zvipembenene zvinoparadzirwa nezvipembenene zvinokwezva nekunhuhwirira kwefungus.
Humwe howa dzakaita sezai
Mutinus canine (Mutinus canine).
Mhuri: Veselkovye (Phallaceae).
Mwaka: kupera kwaJune-September.
Kukura: mumwe uye mumapoka.
Description:
Iyo pulp ine porous, yakanyanya kupfava. Kana yaibva, kamuromo ketuberculate ke "gumbo" kakafukidzwa nebrown-olive spore-bearing mucus nekunhuhwirira kwezvakaora. Kana zvipembenene zvichin'un'una mucus, pamusoro pemuviri wemichero unoshanduka orenji uye ipapo muviri wose wemichero unotanga kuora nokukurumidza.
"Gumbo" rine mhango, spongy, yellowish. Muviri wechidiki wemuchero une ovoid, 2-3 cm muhupamhi, chiedza, nemidzi.
Ganda rezai rinoramba riri sheath pazasi pe "gumbo".
Howa hwakaita sezai uhu hunonzi haudyiwe. Maererano nemimwe mishumo, miviri yechidiki inobereka muzai inogona kudyiwa.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura mumasango ane coniferous, kazhinji padyo nehuni yakaora uye zvigutsa, dzimwe nguva pasawdust nehuni inoora.
Cystoderma scaly (Cystoderma carcharias).
Mhuri: Champignons (Agaricaceae).
Mwaka: pakati paAugust-November.
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka maduku.
Description:
Chivharo chehowa diki chine conical kana ovoid. Chivharo chehowa hwakura chinenge chakati sandara kana kuti chakatsikitsira. Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, akaonda, anonamatira, ane mahwendefa epakati, akachena.
Gumbo rakakora zvishoma kune chigadziko, granular-scaly, yeruvara rwakafanana nekepisi.
Nyama ine brittle, yakachenuruka yepingi kana kuti chena, ine huni kana hwevhu.
Howa hunonzi hunogona kudyiwa, asi kuravira kwahwo kwakaderera. Zvinenge zvisingambodyi.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura muconiferous uye yakavhenganiswa (nepine) masango, pane ivhu rechalky, mumoss, pamarara. Kashoma kwazvo mumasango ane deciduous.
Caesar howa (Amanita caesarea).
Mhuri: Amanitaceae (Amanitaceae).
Mwaka: June - Gumiguru.
Kukura: ndoga.
Description:
Chivharo chehowa hudiki ndeye ovoid kana hemispherical. Chivharo chehowa chakura chakakombama kana kuti chakati sandara, chine mupendero wakatsetseka. Muchikamu che "zai", howa yaKesari inogona kuvhiringidzwa nemucheka wakacheneruka, kubva kune iyo yakasiyana mukucheka: yero cap ganda uye chifukidziro chakakura kwazvo.
Ganda rine goridhe-orange kana tsvuku tsvuku, yakaoma, kazhinji isina masara evhavha. Kunze kwakachena, mukati memukati anogona kunge akaita yero. Volvo yakasununguka, yakaita bhegi, inosvika 6 cm yakafara, kusvika 4-5 mm gobvu.
Nyama yechivharo ine nyama, yakareruka yero pasi peganda. Iwo mahwendefa ane goridhe yero, akasununguka, anowanzo, akafara pakati pechikamu, mipendero ine mipendero zvishoma. Nyama yegumbo yakachena, isina kunhuhwirira uye kuravira.
Kubvira kare, yave ichionekwa seimwe yezvokudya zvakanakisisa. Howa hwakakura hunogona kubikwa, kugochwa kana kugochwa, howa hwakakodzerawo kuomeswa nekunhonga. Howa hudiki hwakafukidzwa nevolva isina kuputsika hunoshandiswa mbishi mumasaladhi.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inogadzira mycorrhiza nebeech, oak, chestnut nemamwe matanda akaoma. Inokura paivhu mune deciduous, dzimwe nguva muconiferous masango, inofarira ivhu rejecha, inodziya uye yakaoma nzvimbo. Yakapararira muMediterranean subtropics. Munyika dzaimbova USSR, inowanikwa kumadokero kumatunhu Georgia, muAzerbaijan, muNorth Caucasus, muCrimea uye Transcarpathia. Fruiting inoda yakagadzikana inodziya mamiriro ekunze (kwete pasi pe20 ° C) kwemazuva 15-20.
Mhando dzakafanana.
Kubva kune tsvuku tsvuku agaric (zvakasara zvebhedha kubva kune heti iyo dzimwe nguva yakashambidzwa), howa yaKesari inosiyana nemuvara weyero wemhete uye mahwendefa (iwo machena mufly agaric).
Pale grebe (Amanita phalloides).
Mhuri: Amanitaceae (Amanitaceae).
Mwaka: kutanga kwaAugust - pakati paOctober.
Kukura: mumwe uye mumapoka.
Description:
Iyo ngowani ndeyemuorivhi, yakasvibirira kana greyish, kubva pahemispherical kusvika paflat, ine mupendero wakatsetseka uye ine fibrous surface. Mahwendefa machena, akapfava, akasununguka.
Dzinde iruvara rweheti kana chena, kazhinji yakavharwa ne moire pattern. Iyo volva yakanyatsotsanangurwa, yakasununguka, yakakomberedzwa, chena, 3-5 cm yakafara, kazhinji hafu-yakanyudzwa muvhu. Iyo mhete yakafara pakutanga, ine mitsetse, ine mitsetse kunze, kazhinji inonyangarika nezera. Paganda rechivharo zvakasara zvevheiri zvinowanzoshaikwa. Chibereko chemuviri pazera duku chinonzi ovoid, chakafukidzwa zvachose nefirimu.
Nyama yakachena, ine nyama, haishanduki ruvara kana yakuvadzwa, ine nyoro kuravira uye kunhuwa. Kukora pazasi pegumbo.
Imwe yehowa ine chepfu zvakanyanya. Iine bicyclic chepfu polypeptides iyo isina kuparadzwa nekupisa kurapwa uye inokonzeresa kuderera kwemafuta uye chiropa necrosis. Mushonga unouraya kumunhu mukuru i30 g yehowa (heti imwe); kumwana - chikamu chechina cheheti. Chepfu haisi miviri yezvibereko chete, asiwo spores, saka mamwe mahowa uye majiroji haafaniri kuunganidzwa pedyo negrebe yakacheneruka. Imwe njodzi yefungus iri mukuti zviratidzo zvechepfu hazvionekwi kwenguva yakareba. Munguva kubva pa6 kusvika kumaawa 48 mushure mekudya, kurutsa kusingagoneki, intestinal colic, kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama, nyota isingagoneki, korera-yakafanana nemanyoka (kazhinji neropa) inooneka. Panogona kunge paine jaundice uye chiropa chakawedzera. Iyo pulse haina simba, kuderera kweropa kunoderedzwa, kurasikirwa kwekuziva kunoonekwa. Iko hakuna mishonga inoshanda mushure mekutanga kwezviratidzo. Pazuva rechitatu, "nguva yekugara zvakanaka kwenhema" inotanga, iyo inowanzotora kubva pamazuva maviri kusvika mana. Kutaura zvazviri, kuparadzwa kwechiropa neitsvo kunopfuurira panguva ino. Kufa kunowanzoitika mukati memazuva gumi kubva muchetura.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inogadzira mycorrhiza nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinodonha (muouki, beech, hazel), inofarira ivhu rakaorera, masango akajeka uye akasanganiswa.
Howa hwemusango (Agaricus silvaticus).
Mhuri: Champignons (Agaricaceae).
Mwaka: kupera kwaJune - pakati paOctober.
Kukura: mumapoka.
Description:
Mahwendefa acho machena pakutanga, ipapo rima rakasvibira, rakatetepa kusvika kumagumo. Nyama yakachena, yakatsvuka kana yatsemuka.
Iyo kepi ine ovate-bell-shaped, flat procumbent kana yaibva, brown-brown, ine makwande matema.
Dzinde racho rine cylindrical, rinowanzozvimba zvishoma rakananga kubhesi. Iyo membranous chena mhete yezai-senge fungus kazhinji inonyangarika mukukura.
Hunonaka hunodyiwa howa. Inoshandiswa yakachena uye yakabikwa.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura muconiferous (spruce) uye yakasanganiswa (nespruce) masango, kazhinji pedyo kana pamirwi yemasvosve. Inoonekwa zvakanyanya mushure mekunaya kwemvura.
Cinnabar Red Cinnabar (Calostoma cinnabarina).
Mhuri: Madonhwe emvura enhema (Sclerodermataceae).
Mwaka: kupera kwezhizha - autumn.
Kukura: mumwe uye mumapoka.
Description:
Gumbo renhema rine porous, rakakomberedzwa negelatinous membrane.
Iyo goko rekunze remuviri wemuchero rinotsemuka nekusvuuka. Sezvo ichikura, stem inowedzera, ichisimudza chibereko pamusoro pe substrate.
Muviri wemichero wakatenderera, ovoid kana tuberous, muhowa hudiki kubva kune tsvuku kusvika kune tsvuku-orenji, yakavharirwa muhoko ine matatu-layered.
Inedible.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura pavhu, mumasango ane deciduous uye akavhenganiswa, pamicheto, pedyo nemigwagwa uye nzira. Inoda ivhu rejecha nevhu. Inowanikwa muNorth America; muNyika Yedu dzimwe nguva inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwePrimorsky Krai.
Warty puffball (Scleroderma verrucosum).
Mhuri: Madonhwe emvura enhema (Sclerodermataceae).
Mwaka: Nyamavhuvhu - Gumiguru.
Kukura: mumwe uye mumapoka.
Description:
Muviri we fruiting une tuberous kana itsvo-shaped, inowanzoputirwa kubva kumusoro. Ganda racho rakatetepa, ganda-ganda, kunze-chena, ipapo ocher-yellow ane brownish zviyero kana warts.
Kana yaibva, pulp inoita flabby, grayish-black, inowana chimiro chehupfu. Midzi-yakafanana nekukura kubva kune yakafara flat mycelial tambo.
Iyo yenhema pedicle inowanzorebeswa.
Muchetura zvishoma. Muhuwandu hwakawanda, inokonzera chepfu, inoperekedzwa nedzungu, marwadzo emudumbu, uye kurutsa.
Ecology uye kugovera: Inokura pavhu rakaoma rejecha mumasango, mapindu nemapaki, munzvimbo dzakachena, kazhinji mumigwagwa, kumucheto kwemigero, munzira.
Golovach yakaita saga (Calvatia utriformis).
Mhuri: Champignons (Agaricaceae).
Mwaka: kupera kwaMay - pakati paSeptember.
Kukura: ndoga uye mumapoka maduku.
Description:
Muchero wechibereko wakafara ovate, saccular, wakapfava kubva kumusoro, nechigadziko muchimiro chegumbo renhema. Deko rekunze rakakora, rine makushe, pakutanga jena, rozoshanduka roita yero uye roita shava.
Nyama inova chena pakutanga, yobva yaita girinhi uye yakasviba.
Howa hwakura hunotsemuka, hunobvarura kumusoro uye hunoparara.
Howa hudiki hune nyama chena hunodyiwa. Inoshandiswa yakabikwa uye yakaomeswa. Iine hemostatic effect.
Ecology uye kugovera:
Inokura mumasango ane mashizha uye akavhenganiswa, pamucheto uye pakachena, mumafuro, mafuro, mafuro, panzvimbo inorimwa.