(Kwete) Muedzo weVana: Miedzo Inochinja Sei Kufunga Kwevana

Munhu wose anoda kutora miedzo, achifungidzira mhinduro yakarurama, vose vakuru nevana. Chokwadi, izvi hazvishande pakuyedzwa kwechikoro. Ikoko mutengo wepoindi imwe neimwe yakanyanyisa, hapana nguva yemitambo. Zvichakadaro, bvunzo dzazova chinhu chinokosha muupenyu hwevana vechikoro. Kubva gore rino, bvunzo yekupedzisira yegiredhi 4, yakaunzwa neBazi reDzidzo, yakawedzerwa kune Unified State Examination uye OGE, iyo yatova nemakore anopfuura gumi, uye ichaitwawo muchimiro chekuyedza.

Mhedzisiro haina kunonoka kuuya: muzvikoro zvakawanda, vadzidzisi vanoita mabasa ebvunzo nevana kubva mugiredhi rechipiri. Uye kwemakore gumi anotevera, vana vechikoro havaiti kudhindwa kwebvunzo uye mafomu, uko munzvimbo dzakanyatsotarwa mwedzi nemwedzi vanodzidzisa kuisa zvikwekwe kana michinjikwa.

Ko gadziriro yebvunzo yokudzidzisa nokuyera zivo inotapura sei kufunga kwomwana, nzira yake yokunzwisisa nayo mashoko? Takabvunza nyanzvi nezvazvo.

Mhinduro inowanikwa!

Zvingoitika, mubvunzo uyu ndewevadzidzi vegiredhi uye pane mhinduro imwe chete yechokwadi, nhamba yetatu. Hapana zvingasarudzwa. Hazvibatanidzi kufunga pamusoro pemusoro wenyaya: uye kana zvihwitsi, semuenzaniso, nedoro kana mavara ekugadzira, zvine musoro here kuzvipa kuvana? Zvakakosha here kubvisa mamwe masiwiti kana munhu wekuzvarwa asingadi kana kuti asingaadyi zvachose? Sei usingakwanise kugovera zvihwitsi zvese kamwechete?

Mabasa ekuedza senge aya, akatorwa kubva mubhuku re "The World Around", haakubvumiri kuti ufunge nezvemamiriro ezvinhu muhuwandu, gadza chikonzero-uye-mhedzisiro hukama, uye dzidza kufunga zvakadzama. Uye bvunzo dzakadaro dziri kuwedzera kuoneka mukosi yechikoro.

"Mwana anobata nemabasa akadaro kazhinji anorega kuabatanidza naye, kuhupenyu hwake," anodaro muongorori wepfungwa anonzi Svetlana Krivtsova. Anojaira kuti munhu anenge atomupa mhinduro chaiyo. Chinongodiwa paari kurangarira nekubereka zvakanaka.

"Kugara nebasa nebvunzo kunodzidzisa mwana kurarama nenzira yekukurudzira-mhinduro, yemibvunzo-mhinduro," nyanzvi yepfungwa Maria Falikman anobvumirana nemumwe wake. -Munzira dzakawanda, hupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva hwakarongeka. Asi kusarudza iyi modhi, isu nokudaro tinovhara mikana yekuwedzera kusimudzira, yekugadzira kufunga. Kuti ubudirire mune iwo maprofessionals apo iwe unofanirwa kukwanisa kuenda kupfuura iyo yakapihwa, standard. Asi sei mwana, uyo akave akajaira kuvapo muhurongwa hwemibvunzo yakagadzirwa nemhinduro kubva kuchikoro chepuraimari, anowana unyanzvi uhwu - kubvunza mibvunzo uye kutsvaga mhinduro dzeatypical?

Zvikamu zvisina kukwana?

Kusiyana nebvunzo dzemakore apfuura, bvunzo hadzina hukama hune musoro pakati pemabasa. Vanoda kugona kubata yakakura data uye nekukurumidza chinja kubva kune imwe musoro kuenda kune imwe. Mupfungwa iyi, hurongwa hwekuyedza huri kuunzwa nenguva: zvakafanana ndizvo zvinodiwa kuchizvarwa chechidiki nenzira dzemazuva ano dzekutaurirana.

"Vana vakakurira munguva yezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro vanotarisa nyika zvakasiyana," anodaro Rada Granovskaya, Chiremba wePsychology. “Maonero avo haana kutevedzana kana kuti zvinyorwa. Vanoona ruzivo pamusoro pemusimboti we clip. Clip kufunga kwakajairika kupwere dzanhasi.” Saka miedzo yacho, inodzidzisawo mwana kuti aise pfungwa dzake pane zvose. Kufunga kwake kunova kupfupi, kwakaganhurirwa, kuri kuramba kuchimuomera kurava magwaro marefu, kufukidza mabasa makuru, akaoma kunzwisisa.

“Chero bvunzo imhinduro kumibvunzo chaiyo,” anodaro Maria Falikman. - Asi bvunzo mizhinji yemibvunzo midiki chaiyo inoita kuti mufananidzo uwedzere kupatsanurwa. Zvakanaka kana mwana akadzidziswa fizikisi, biology kana Russian, uye ipapo nerubatsiro rwebvunzo vanoyera kuti akagona sei chidzidzo. Asi apo mwana anorovedzwa kwegore rose kuti apase bvunzo mufizikisi, hapana vimbiso yokuti achanzwisisa physics. Mune mamwe mazwi, ini hapana chandinoona chakaipa nemiedzo sechombo chekuyeresa. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti havatsivi zvidzidzo. The thermometer yakanaka kana vachiyera tembiricha, asi yakaipa semushonga.

ona mutsauko

Zvisinei, zvingava kukanganisa kutaura kuti mabasa ose ekuedza akaenzana kupfupisa mhedziso uye kudzidzisa mwana kufunga nenzira yakapfava, kugadzirisa mhando imwechete yemabasa ega, pasina kubatana nemamiriro ehupenyu hwavo.

“Miedzo inouya kumabasa nechisarudzo chemhinduro dzakagadzirirwa uye inoshandiswa mumuitiro wokudzidza ine tapuro yakashata pakufunga kwedu,” anotsinhira kudaro Alexander Shmelev, nyanzvi yendangariro, purofesa paMoscow State University, mutungamiriri wesayenzi weCenter for Humanitarian Technologies. “Inova inobereka. Kureva kuti, isu tinorangarira mhinduro yakagadzirira (isu tinotendeukira kundangariro) pane isu kuedza kufunga, "gadzira" imwe mhinduro nyowani. Miedzo yakapusa haibatanidzi kutsvaga, mhedziso dzine musoro, fungidziro, pakupedzisira.

Nekudaro, bvunzo dzeKIM dzinochinja kuita zvirinani gore negore. Nhasi, iyo OGE neUSE bvunzo dzinonyanya kusanganisira mibvunzo inoda mhinduro yemahara, kugona kushanda nekwakabva, kududzira chokwadi, kutaura uye kupokana maonero emunhu.

“Hapana chakaipa nemabasa ebvunzo akaoma kudaro,” anodaro Alexander Shmelev, “asi: kana mudzidzi achiagadzirisa, ndipo paanowedzera zivo yake uye kufunga (munyaya ino) kubva pa“kuzivisa” (zvisinganzwisisike uye zvokufungidzira) mu "operational" (concrete uye inoshanda), ndiko kuti, ruzivo runoshanduka kuva unyanzvi - mukukwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko.

Kutya chinhu

Asi iyo test system yekuongorora ruzivo yakakonzera imwe mhedzisiro yakaipa ine chekuita nemaresheni uye masanctions. "Munyika yedu, tsika ine ngozi yakagadziridzwa yekuongorora basa rezvikoro nevadzidzisi zvichienderana nemigumisiro yeUnified State Exam uye OGE," anodaro Vladimir Zagvozkin, muongorori paCentre for Practical Psychology of Education pa Academy of Social. Management. "Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, kana mutengo wekukanganisa kwega kwega wakanyanya, mudzidzisi nevadzidzi vanobatwa nekutya kukundikana, zvatooma kuwana mufaro nekunakidzwa kubva mukuita kudzidza."

Asi iyi ndiyo imwe yemamiriro makuru edzidzo yechikoro chemhando yepamusoro. Kuti mwana ade kuverenga, kufunga, kudzidza kutaura uye kukakavara, kugadzirisa matambudziko esvomhu, kunzwa kufarira sainzi netsika, kuvimba, mhepo yakachengeteka uye maonero akanaka pamusoro pekukanganisa zvinodiwa.

Ichi hachisi chirevo chisina hwaro: musayendisiti anozivikanwa weNew Zealand John Hattie akasvika pamhedziso isinganzwisisiki, achipfupisa migumisiro yezvidzidzo zvinopfuura makumi mashanu pamusoro pezvinhu zvinokanganisa kubudirira kwezvidzidzo zvevana, nemakumi emamiriyoni evadzidzi.

Vabereki havagone kushandura hurongwa hwechikoro, asi zvirinani vanogona kugadzira mhepo yakachengeteka zvakadaro kumba. “Ratidza mwana wako kuti upenyu hukuru uye hunofadza hwesayenzi hunozaruka kunze kwebvunzo,” anopa zano Maria Falikman. -Muendese kuhurukuro dzakakurumbira, mupe mabhuku uye edzidzo yevhidhiyo makosi anowanikwa nhasi mune chero chidzidzo chedzidzo uye pamatanho akasiyana ekuomarara. Uye iva nechokwadi chokuti mwana wako azive kuti mugumisiro webvunzo hauna kukosha kwauri semanzwisisiro aanoita nyaya yacho. Kana kune mubereki pasina chimwe chinhu kunze kwechigumisiro, zvinokwanisika kuti ichi chichava chinhu chikuru kumwana.

Nzira yekugadzirira bvunzo?

Zvinokurudzirwa nenyanzvi dzedu

1. Iwe unofanirwa kujaira kupasa bvunzo, izvo zvinoreva kuti iwe unongoda kudzidzisa. Kudzidziswa kunopa pfungwa yezinga rako reruzivo uye kupa kunzwisisa kuti iwe ucharatidza mhedzisiro "padanho rako" (pamwe kana kubvisa 5-7%). Izvi zvinoreva kuti pachagara paine mabasa aunozogadzirisa, kunyangwe ukasangana nemabasa mazhinji ausingakwanise kugadzirisa.

2. Kutanga, pedzisa iwo mabasa anogadziriswa "pakuenda." Kana iwe uchifunga, kuzeza, svetuka, enderera mberi. Paunosvika kumagumo ekuedzwa, dzokera kumabasa asina kugadziriswa. Kamura nguva yasara nenhamba yavo kuti uwane huwandu hwepamusoro hwemaminetsi aunokwanisa kufunga nezvemubvunzo wega wega. Kana pasina mhinduro, siya mubvunzo uyu uye uenderere mberi. Iri zano rinokutendera iwe kuti urasikirwe mapoinzi chete kune izvo zvausingazive chaizvo, uye kwete kune izvo zvausina kumbowana nguva yekusvika kwazviri.

3. Shandisa zvakanyanya mhinduro dzinopihwa nemiedzo yakawanda kusarudza kubva. Kazhinji unogona kungofungidzira kuti ndeipi iri yechokwadi. Kana iwe uine fungidziro, asi iwe usina chokwadi, tarisa iyi sarudzo zvakadaro, iri nani pane hapana. Kunyangwe iwe usina chaunoziva zvachose, maka chimwe chinhu chero nguva, pane nguva dzose mukana wekurova.

4. Siya nguva yekutarisa basa: mafomu akazadzwa nemazvo, kuendeswa kunodhirowa, michinjikwa inoiswa kupokana nemhinduro idzodzo?

5. Usashandise zvinyorwa zvakagadzirirwa zvezvinyorwa kana zvinyorwa kubva muunganidzwa. Kutanga, vaongorori vanowanzovaziva. Chechipiri, zvinyorwa zviripo kazhinji zvakaipa uye zvechinyakare. Usayedze kufadza vaongorori nechiratidzo chako chakajeka uye chisina kujairika chemusoro wenyaya. Nyora chinyorwa chakanaka, chakadzikama. Funga pachine nguva sarudzo dzekutanga nekuguma kwayo, unganidza mamwe "mablanks" pane akasiyana misoro. Inogona kuva chirevo chinoshanda, mufananidzo wakajeka, kana sumo yakadzikama yedambudziko. Kana iwe uine kutanga kwakanaka uye kupera kwakanaka, zvimwe zvese inyaya yehunyanzvi.

6. Tsvaga masaiti ane bvunzo dzemhando inobvumidza iwe kudzidzisa kutarisisa, ndangariro, fungidziro yekuona, pfungwa - uye sarudza pese pazvinogoneka. Semuenzaniso, akawanda ebvunzo dzakasiyana anogona kuwanikwa pamahara"Chikwata chevaongorori vetekinoroji tekinoroji" (KITT).