Kushandiswa kwedzimwe nzira dzisiri dzemushonga wezvipembenene inzira inochengetedza tupukanana yakavakirwa padzidziso yekuti kurwiswa nemhando yezvipembenene kunoratidza kukanganisa kumwe munharaunda. Kugadzirisa mudzi wedambudziko pachinzvimbo chekurapa zviratidzo zvinogona kuenzanisa huwandu hwezvipembenene uye kuvandudza hutano hwechirimwa chose.
Kuchinja kune nzira dzekurima dzechisikigo dzakatanga sekufamba kwevanhu vakawanda. Muna 2000, vagari vangangosvika mazana mapfumbamwe vemumusha wePunukula, Andhra Pradesh, vaitambura nematambudziko mazhinji. Varimi vakashuma matambudziko ehutano kubva kuhupfu hwakanyanya kusvika pakufa. Kupararira kwezvipembenene kwaigara kuchiparadza zvirimwa. Zvipembenene izvi zvakatanga kusada mishonga iyi, zvichiita kuti varimi vatore zvikwereti kuti vatenge mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inodhura. Vanhu vakatarisana nemitengo mikuru yekuchengetedza hutano, kukundikana kwezvirimwa, kurasikirwa kwemari uye chikwereti.
Nerubatsiro rwemasangano emunharaunda, varimi vakaedza dzimwe nzira dzisina mishonga yezvipembenene, dzakadai sekushandisa mishonga yechisikigo (eg neem nemhiripiri) kurwisa tumbuyu nekudyara mbesa (eg marigold necastor beans). Tichifunga kuti mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inouraya zvipembenene zvese, kushandiswa kwemimwe mishonga isiri yezvipembenene kunoitirwa kuenzanisa nharaunda kuitira kuti zvipembenene zvivepo muhuwandu hwakajairika (uye usambosvika kumazinga ekutapukirwa). Zvipembenene zvakawanda, zvakadai sema ladybug, dragonflies, uye dandemutande, zvinoita basa rinokosha mune zvakasikwa uye zvinogona kubatsira zvirimwa.
Mukati megore rekushandisa nzira dzokurima dzomusikirwo, vagari vomumusha wacho vakaona miuyo yakati kuti yakanaka. Matambudziko eutano apera. Mapurazi aishandisa mishonga isiri yezvipembenene aive nepurofiti yepamusoro uye mitengo yakaderera. Kuwana, kukuya pamwe nekusanganisa mishonga inorarisa sembeu nemhiripiri kwaunzawo mabasa akawanda mumusha uyu. Sezvo varimi vairima minda yakawanda, ruzivo rwemichina yakaita semabhegi ekupfapfaidza yakavabatsira kuti varime mbesa dzavo nemazvo. Vagari vakashuma kuvandudzwa kwese kwehupenyu hwavo, kubva kune hutano kuenda kune mufaro uye mari.
Sezvo mashoko akapararira pamusoro pezvakanakira kushandiswa kwemishonga isiri yezvipembenene, varimi vakawanda vakasarudza kusashandisa mishonga iyi. Muna 2004 Punukula yakava mumwe wemisha yekutanga muIndia kuzvizivisa isina zvachose mishonga yezvipembenene. Nenguva isipi, mamwe mataundi nemisha muAndhra Pradesh akatanga kuita kurima organic.
Rajashehar Reddy anobva kuKrishna County akave murimi wekurima mushure mekuona matambudziko ehutano evaaigara navo, aaifunga kuti ane chekuita nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene. Akadzidza nzira dzekurima dzekurima kubva mangwanani ezvekurima terevhizheni uye mavhidhiyo eYouTube. Parizvino zvirimwa zviviri chete zvinorimwa mumusha make (chili nedonje), asi chinangwa chake ndechekutanga kurima muriwo.
Murimi Wutla Veerabharao anoyeuka nguva pamberi pemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, apo vanenge varimi vose vaishandisa nzira dzokurima dzomusikirwo. Anotaura kuti shanduko dzakaitika muma1950, panguva yeGreen Revolution. Pashure pokunge aona kuti makemikoro acho akachinja sei ruvara rwevhu, akatanga kuderedza kushandiswa kwawo.
Veerabharao ainetsekawo nezvekudya kwemhuri yake uye utano hwemakemikari. Mushonga wekupfapfaidza zvipembenene (kazhinji murimi kana mushandi wekurima) anosangana zvakananga nemishonga inorwisa ganda nemapapu. Mishonga iyi haingoiti kuti ivhu risabereka uye zvinokuvadza zvipembenene neshiri, asi zvinokanganisa vanhu uye zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakadai sechirwere cheshuga nekenza, Veerabharao akadaro.
Pasinei neizvi, havasi vese vemumusha make vakatanga kurima zvirimwa.
“Nekuda kwekuti kurima kwepasi kunoda nguva yakawanda uye kushanda nesimba, zvinonetsa kuti vanhu vekumaruwa vatange kuita hanya nazvo,” vakatsanangura kudaro.
Muna 2012, hurumende yenyika yakamhanyisa zero-budget yekudzidzira kurima kurima chirongwa. Kwemakore manomwe apfuura, Veerabharao yakamhanyisa XNUMX% organic purazi inorima nzimbe, turmeric uye mhiripiri.
“Organic Agriculture ine musika wayo. Ini ndinotara mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvangu, kusiyana nekurima kwemakemikari uko mutengo unotarwa nemutengi,” Veerabharao vakadaro.
Zvakatora makore matatu kuti murimi Narasimha Rao atange kuita purofiti inooneka kubva papurazi rake remumunda, asi iye zvino ave kukwanisa kugadzirisa mitengo nekutengesa zvinhu kuvatengi zvakananga kwete kuvimba nemisika. Kutenda kwake muorganics kwakamubatsira kuti apfuure panguva iyi yakaoma yekutanga. Narasimha Organic Farm parizvino inovhara 90 mahekita. Anorima manhanga, coriander, bhinzi, turmeric, eggplant, mapopo, magaka, mhiripiri nemuriwo wakasiyana, waanorimawo calendula necastor beans sechiridzo.
“Utano ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha muupenyu hwevanhu. Hupenyu husina hutano hunosiririsa,” akadaro achitsanangura chikonzero chake.
Kubva 2004 kusvika 2010, kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene kwakaderedzwa ne50% munyika yose. Mumakore iwayo, kuorera kwevhu kwakavandudzika, zvipembenene zvakadzokera shure, varimi vakawedzera kuzvimirira mune zvemari, uye mihoro yakawedzerwa.
Nhasi, ese matunhu gumi nematatu eAndhra Pradesh anoshandisa imwe nzira yeasiri-pesticide. Andhra Pradesh anoronga kuve nyika yekutanga yeIndia ne13% "zero bhajeti yekurima yekurima" panosvika 100.
Munharaunda dzakatenderedza pasirese, vanhu vari kubatana zvakare nenzvimbo yavo yechisikigo vachitsvaga nzira dzakasimba dzekurarama!