Oyster howa emhando dzakasiyana: tsananguro uye zvinobatsira

Mhando dzakawanda dzeoyster howa dzakajairwa, elm, dzakafukidzwa, mapapu uye matsutso. Ese mafomu aya ane akasiyana zvivakwa, saka anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukubika uye indasitiri yemishonga. Tichifunga nezve mabhenefiti ehowa oyster, anoshandiswa kushingaira kugadzira ndiro dzakasiyana-siyana, anoshandiswa kugadzira mishonga maererano nemishonga yechinyakare mabikirwo ekurapa maronda uye kubvisa chepfu.

Munguva yechando, howa uhu hunowanzoita chando uye kuoma. Panguva imwecheteyo, zviri nyore kurova netsvimbo. Hunhu hwechando oyster howa hunoenderana nedanho iro howa hwaive nekudonha kwakanyanya kwekushisa. Kana mazaya aive ekutanga, saka anogona kutonhora muchimiro chechidiki. Muchiitiko chenguva dzakawanda dzechando, howa idzi dzinogona kupera. Unhu hunobatsira hunochengetedzwa munguva yechando.

Iwe uchadzidza nezve oyster howa anotaridzika uye kuti ndeapi zvimiro zvaanazvo pane ino peji.

Tsanangudzo yeoyster mushroom

Chivharo chehowa yakajairika (Pleurotus ostreatus) ine dhayamita ye4-12 cm. Chimiro chakasiyana chemhando ndeye oyster, oval kana kutenderera chimiro chechivharo, grey-brown, creamy-brown muvara ine yakasviba chikamu chepakati. Nheyo dzemiviri yezvibereko zvakasanganiswa.

Mumhando iyi yehowa oyster, hunde ipfupi, asymmetrically inowanikwa, kazhinji padivi pekapu, ine urefu hwe2-7 cm uye ukobvu hwe10-25 mm. Dzinde rine ruvara rwakafanana neheti uye riri padivi peheti.

Pulp: dzakaonda, dzakaonda, chena, nekunakirwa kunofadza uye kunhuwa.

Mahwendefa acho anonamatira, achidzika nedzinde, kazhinji, kirimu kana chiedza chero muruvara.

Variability. Rudzi rwechivharo rwunosiyana kubva kune brownish kusvika brownish-grey.

Mhando dzakafanana. Muchitarisiko, iyo yakajairika oyster mushroom yakafanana nemapapu oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius), iyo inosiyaniswa neruzha rwayo rwekirimu uye chivharo chakaita nzeve.

Kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza: mhando iyi ine pfuma yakanaka yekudzikira kuunganidzwa kwesimbi inorema.

Edibility: akajairika oyster howa ane yakakwira zvinovaka muviri, inogona kubikwa uye yakakangwa, mumagaba.

Zvinodyiwa, 2nd uye 3rd zvikamu - munguva yekuvhuvhuta uye 3rd uye 4th zvikamu - munguva yechando.

Oyster howa mukupera kwaMbudzi uye kutanga kwaZvita vachiri nechimiro chavo. Pakupera kwechando uye kutanga kwechirimo, vanochinja, vanowana yero-brown ruvara.

Nzvimbo dzekugara: masango anotema uye akavhenganiswa, pamatanda akaoma ari kuora, anokura mumatare uye mapoka.

Mwaka: kukura kwakasimba - kubva munaMay kusvika munaSeptember, uye kutanga kubva munaNovember uye munguva yechando, kukura kunomira. Munguva yechando, mamiriro ehowa oyster pamiti zvinoenderana nedanho iro chando chakavabata uye kuti mamiriro ekunze akatangira sei kutanga kwekupisa kwakashata. Kana, nekutanga kwechando, matanda asvika pakukura kwawo uye akaoma zvishoma, ipapo munguva yechando anoomesa zvishoma uye akarembera pamiti muchando mune semi-solid state, apo inogona kutemwa.

Kana panguva yekutanga kwechando paiva nemamiriro okunze akanyorova, ipapo howa hunooma uye hunova hwakaoma, "girazi". Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, havagoni kugurwa hunde, asi vanogona kurohwa netsvimbo kana kudzurwa nebanga. Kushandiswa kwedemo hakubvumidzwe kudzivirira kukuvadza miti.

Pano iwe unogona kuona mufananidzo weoyster mushroom yemhando yakajairika, tsananguro yaro yakapihwa pamusoro apa:

Ko elm oyster mushroom inotaridzika sei (ine mufananidzo)

Elm lyophyllum, kana elm oyster mushroom ( Lyophyllum ulmarium ) haiwanzoitiki munguva yechando. Muchokwadi, iwo anodyiwa nenzira yakafanana neyakajairika oyster howa, asi anonetsa kuwana nekuda kwenzvimbo yavo yakakwirira pamatanda emiti.

Munguva yechando, ivo vanowanzogara pamakona emuoki, kazhinji pakukwirira kwemamita anopfuura imwe nehafu. Mamiriro avo ekunze anoenderana nenguva iyo chando chakavabata. Kana mamiriro ekunze asina kunyorova nekutanga kwekushisa kwakashata, uye howa oyster akasvika pakukura kwavo kukuru, saka ivo vacharamba vakadaro munguva yese yechando. Mukunyungudika, vanogona kupera, mipendero yavo inogona kutowedzera wavy, uye howa hwega hwega hunoshanduka kubva kune yakatsvuka kusvika kune brown-dema uye kupera zvachose.

Uhu howa hunofanira kuunganidzwa pakutanga kwechando kana kuti kusati kwapera chando, asi husingabvumirwi kunyunguduka, kana huchigona kupera, kudonha semashizha ekare.

Howa uhu ndihwo hukuru pakati pehowa hwechando hunodyiwa, hune avhareji cap dhayamita ye10-20 cm.

Nzvimbo dzekugara: masango anodonha, mapaki, pazvitunha uye hunde dzeoki, elm, elm nemimwe miti inodonha, imwe kana mumapoka madiki.

Iyo cap ine dhayamita ye5-15 cm, dzimwe nguva kusvika 20 cm, pakutanga convex, gare gare inogwadama.

Sezvauri kuona mumufananidzo, chinhu chakasiyana cherudzi urwu rweoyster mushroom irwo ruvara rusina kujairika rwechivharo, senge sunflower - yezuva, yero-brown, pamusoro pekapu ine ganda, yakatsetseka yakaoma nemvura. mavara:

Nenguva yechando, pamusoro pevhavha inova mashanga-yero uye mavara haasati aonekwa. Apo mushroom inokura pamuti, zvishoma zvishoma pane chigutsa, inogona kunge iine asymmetric kuronga kwemakumbo. Micheto yecap yakakotama pasi, iine wavy. Ruvara pamipendero rwakareruka zvishoma pane muchikamu chikuru checap. Munguva yechando, ruvara runoshanduka kuita yero yeshanga. Mienzaniso yekare inosviba, inova dema-brown kana brown-brown.

Gumbo 4-10 cm kureba, 7-15 mm gobvu, chena-kirimu pakutanga, gare gare yero uye yakatsvuka. Nheyo dzemakumbo dzinowanzobatanidzwa.

Iyo pulp yakapfava, grey-yepepuru, nekunakirwa kwakapfava, inenge isinganhuhwi.

Mahwendefa acho akafara, anonamatira, pakutanga machena, gare gare ane buffy uye akajeka.

Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune yero-goridhe kusvika kune yakasviba.

Mhando dzakafanana. Mumatsutso, nekuda kwehukuru hwayo uye ruvara rwezuva uye mavara emvura, elm lyophyllum yakaoma kuvhiringidza nemamwe marudzi. Mumatsutso, howa iyi inogona kuvhiringidzika pakuonekwa nemutsara wakazara, iyo inosiyana kunyanya munzvimbo yayo yekugara - pasi, asi kwete pamiti. Munguva yechando, haina mhando dzakafanana.

Nzira dzekubika: yakabikwa, yakakangwa, munyu mushure mekutanga kuvira kwemaminitsi 15-20.

Zvinodyiwa, 4th chikamu.

Ona kuti oyster mushroom inotaridzika sei mumifananidzo iyi:

Autumn oyster mushroom: mufananidzo uye tsananguro

Nzvimbo dzinogara autumn oyster mushroom (Pleurotus salignus): poplars, lindens; kukura mumapoka.

Mwaka: autumn oyster howa inokura munaSeptember - Mbudzi kusvika kuchando chekutanga, uye zvino inotonhora kusvika muchirimo, pasina kunyura muchando, yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka muchirimo.

Heti yemhando iyi yehowa ye oyster ine dhayamita ye4-8 cm, dzimwe nguva kusvika 12 cm. Miviri yese inobereka michero inokura kubva pachigadziko chimwe chete.

Dzinde ipfupi, asymmetrically inowanikwa, kazhinji padivi pekapu, iri 2-5 cm kureba uye 10-40 mm gobvu, pubescent. Muvara wemakumbo ikirimu kana chena-yellowish.

Pulp: dzakaonda, dzakaonda, chena, nekunakirwa kunofadza uye kunhuwa.

Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo, mahwendefa emhando iyi yehowa oyster anonamatira, achidzika pamwe nedzinde, kazhinji, kamu cream kana yero rakajeka muruvara:

Variability. Rudzi rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune grey-brown kusvika kune yakasviba.

Mhando dzakafanana. Autumn oyster howa hwakafanana pachimiro nehowa hweoyster oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus), asi hune ruvara rwakati piriviri nekunyanya kusviba.

Nzira dzekubika: howa hunogona kubikwa uye hwakakangwa, hwoiswa mumagaba.

Zvinodyiwa, 4th chikamu.

Zvadaro, iwe uchaona kuti ndeapi mamwe marudzi ehowa oyster.

Ko oyster mushroom inoratidzika sei

Nzvimbo dzehowa dzeOyster (Pleurotus calyptratus): matanda akaomarara - birch, aspen, oak, zvishoma kazhinji - pazvitsiga uye kufa kwehuni yeconiferous - spruce nefir, inokura mumapoka.

Mwaka: Kubvumbi - Gunyana.

Iyo ngowani yemhando iyi yehowa ye oyster ine dhayamita ye4-10 cm, dzimwe nguva kusvika 12 cm. ine radial fibers.

Teerera kumufananidzo - gumbo remhando iyi yehowa oyster ingave ipfupi kwazvo, asymmetrically iripo, kana kuti haisi zvachose:

Pulp: dzakaonda, dzakaonda, chena, nekunakirwa kunofadza uye kunhuwa.

Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, pakutanga akachena, kazhinji, gare gare kirimu kana chiedza chero.

Variability. Rudzi rwechivharo runosiyana kubva pakirimu kusvika kune yakatsvuka uye grey.

Mhando dzakafanana. Iyo yakavharwa oyster howa yakafanana muchimiro kune oyster howa (Pleurotus pulmonarius), iyo inosiyaniswa neyakavharwa cap yayo uye kuvapo kwedzinde.

Nzira dzekubika: howa inogona kubikwa, yakakangwa, yakabikwa.

Tsanangudzo yeoyster mushroom

Habitats of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius): inoora hardwood - birch, aspen, oak, zvishoma kazhinji - pamakumbo uye inofa coniferous huni - spruce uye fir, inokura mumapoka.

Mwaka: Kubvumbi - Gunyana

Iyo ngowani ine dhayamita ye4-10 cm, dzimwe nguva kusvika 16 cm. Micheto yevhavha yakaonda, kazhinji inotsemuka. Rudzi rwechikamu chepakati chevhavha kazhinji rine brown tint, nepo mipendero, pane zvinopesana, yakareruka, yero.

Sezvinoonekwa mumufananidzo, mipendero yekapu yeoyster howa yemhando iyi ine fibrous uye ine radial outline:

Dzinde ipfupi, asymmetrically inowanikwa, kazhinji padivi pechivharo, iri 1-3 cm kureba uye 6-15 mm gobvu. Gumbo rine cylindrical shape, chena, yakasimba, pubescent.

Pulp: dzakaonda, dzakaonda, chena, nekunakirwa kunofadza uye kunhuwa.

Mahwendefa anonamatira, achidzika nedzinde, pakutanga akachena, kazhinji, gare gare kirimu kana chiedza chero.

Variability. Ruvara rwekepisi runosiyana kubva kune chena uye yero chena kusvika kukrimu uye yero yebrown.

Mhando dzakafanana. Pulmonary oyster mushroom yakafanana neyakajairwa oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), iyo inosiyaniswa nebluish-grey kapu mudiki sampuli uye grey-blue kepu muhowa hukuru.

Kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza: mhando iyi ine pfuma yakanaka yekudzikira kuunganidzwa kwesimbi inorema.

Nzira dzekubika: zvomumagaba.

Nzira dzekubika: bika uye fry, chengetedza.

Zvinodyiwa, 3rd chikamu

Aya mafoto anoratidza oyster howa emhando dzakasiyana, tsananguro yacho inoratidzwa pane ino peji:

Ndezvipi zvakanakira oyster howa

Oyster howa ane hunhu hwakasiyana - yakasarudzika pantry ine seti yemaminerari emunyu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvinodiwa kumunhu.

Izvo zvine mavhitaminzi akaoma: A, C, D, E, B1, B2, B6, B12, pamwe ne18 amino acids anodiwa kuvanhu.

Uyewo, zvinhu zvinobatsira zvehowa oyster zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hweamylase uye lipase enzymes, iyo inobatsira pakuparara kwemafuta, fiber uye glycogen.

Iwo zvakare ane akakosha unsaturated akakosha asidhi, uye akati wandei ehupenyu hunoshanda zvinhu zvinobatsira kuderedza cholesterol uye zvine anti-sclerotic mhedzisiro.

Oyster howa anobatsira kwazvo kumuviri wemunhu, sezvo ari yakanakisa mushonga unoshanda wekurapa zvirwere zvemudumbu. Kuti uite izvi, tora ichangobva kusvinwa mushroom muto pane isina chinhu mudumbu. Panguva imwecheteyo, gastritis uye maronda anogona kurapwa. Zvimwe zvinobatsira zve oyster mushroom zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• vanovandudza intestinal motility;
• inoshandiswa kuporesa maronda uye kurapa maronda;
• vane hemostatic, emollient uye enveloping properties;
• kukurudzira kubviswa kwehupfu, chepfu, chepfu;
• vari sorbent;
• inhengo inokosha ye-anti-cholesterol kudya, kubatsira kuderedza mafuta eropa, iyo inonyanya kukosha kumidziyo yemwoyo uye kupararira kweropa;
• oyster mushroom infusion inoshandiswa kune neurosis, nekuda kweizvi, yakachekwa yakachekwa howa muhuwandu hwemaspuni matatu anodururwa nehafu yerita yewaini tsvuku, semuenzaniso, Cahors, uye kuisirwa kwevhiki, iyo inokonzeresa infusion inodhakwa 3 maspuni pamberi. nguva yekurara;
• ine mishonga ine antioxidant basa, semugumisiro, kukwegura kwemuviri kunoderedzwa; ine zvinhu zvinokurudzira kubuda kwecholesterol kubva mumuviri, uye kuderedza njodzi yeatherosclerosis;
• kuiswa kwehowa oyster mukudya kunoderedza zvakanyanya mukana wekenza;
• ratidza vimbiso mukurapwa kwemarariya munzvimbo dzinopisa.
• Zvakanakira oyster howa kuvanhu ndezvekuti ivo vane yakakwira antibacterial chiitiko.