Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, Kikunae Ikeda aifunga zvakawanda nezvesobho. Nyanzvi yekemisitiri yokuJapan yakanzvera muto wemugungwa nehove yakaomeswa inonzi dashi. Dashi ine kuravira chaiko. Ikeda akaedza kutsaura mamorekuru ari seri kwekuravira kwake kwakasiyana. Aiva nechokwadi chokuti paiva nekubatana pakati pemaumbirwo emorekuru nemanzwisisiro ekuravira kwarinoita muvanhu. Pakupedzisira, Ikeda yakakwanisa kupatsanura morekuru rakakosha kubva pasora regungwa mudashi, glutamic acid. Muna 1909, Ikeda akakurudzira kuti manzwiro anonakidza akamutswa ne glutamate anofanira kunge ari mamwe ekutanga kuravira. Akaritumidza kuti "umami", zvinoreva kuti "zvinonaka" muchiJapan.
Asi kwenguva yakareba, kuwanikwa kwake hakuna kuzivikanwa. Kutanga, basa raIkeda rakaramba riri muchiJapan kusvikira razoshandurirwa muchiRungu muna 2002. Chechipiri, kunakirwa kweumami kwakaoma kusiyana nevamwe. Iyo haina kuwedzera kupfuma uye kujeka nekungowedzera imwe glutamate, sezvazvakaita nekunaka kunotapira, kwaunogona kuwedzera shuga uye kunyatsoravira kutapira. “Izvi zvinonaka zvakasiyana zvachose. Kana kunaka uku kwaigona kuenzaniswa neruvara, ipapo umami yaizova yeyero uye inotapira yaizova tsvuku,” anodaro Ikeda munyaya yake. Umami ane kakupfava asi kanoravira kane hukama nemate. Umami pachayo haina kunaka, asi inoita kuti zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvokudya zvinakidze.
Makore anopfuura zana apfuura. Masayendisiti pasi rese ave kuona kuti umami ndeyechokwadi uye yakangofanana nekunaka sevamwe. Vamwe vanhu vakafunga kuti zvichida umami inongova rudzi rwemunyu. Asi kana ukanyatsotarisisa tsinga dzinotumira mashoko kubva mumuromo mako kuenda kuuropi hwako, unogona kuona kuti umami uye kuravidza munyu zvinoshanda nomumikoto yakasiyana.
Zvakawanda zvekubvumwa kwepfungwa dzaIkeda zvakauya anenge makore 20 apfuura. Mushure mekugamuchira chaiwo ma receptors akawanikwa mukuravira mabuds anotora amino acids. Mapoka mazhinji ekutsvagisa akashuma mareceptor anonyatso kurongedzerwa kune glutamate uye mamwe umami mamorekuru anogadzira synergistic mhedzisiro.
Neimwe nzira, hazvishamise kuti muviri wedu wakashanduka nzira yekunzwa kuvepo kwemaamino acids, sezvo iwo akakosha pakurarama kwedu. Mukaka wevanhu une mazinga e glutamate anenge akafanana nedashi broth yakadzidzwa naIkeda, saka isu tinogona kunge tajaira kuravira.
Iyewo Ikeda akawana mugadziri wezvinonhuhwirira ndokutanga kugadzira mutsara wake weumami spices. Yakanga iri monosodium glutamate, iyo ichiri kugadzirwa nanhasi.
Pane zvimwe zvinonaka here?
Nyaya ine pfungwa inogona kuita kuti uzvibvunze kana paine zvimwe zvinonaka zvatisingazive nezvazvo? Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti tinogona kuva nekuravira kwechitanhatu kwakabatana nemafuta. Kune akati wandei akada kuvhoterwa emafuta anogamuchirwa parurimi, uye zviri pachena kuti muviri unobata zvakasimba pakuvapo kwemafuta muchikafu. Nekudaro, panguva iyo mazinga emafuta akakwira zvekuti tinogona kuavira, isu hatinyatsoda kuravira.
Nekudaro, kune mumwe anokwikwidza wezita rekuravira kutsva. Masayendisiti echiJapan akaunza pfungwa ye "kokumi" kupasi. "Kokumi inoreva kuravira kusingagone kuratidzwa nezvishanu zvekutanga kuravira, uye zvakare zvinosanganisira kuravira kure kwekunaka kukuru senge ukobvu, kuzara, kuenderera, uye kuwirirana," iyo Umami Information Center webhusaiti. Zvichikonzerwa nehutatu hwemaamino acids akabatanidzwa, kunzwa kokumi kunowedzera kunakidzwa kwemamwe marudzi ezvokudya, zvizhinji zvacho zvisingatapi.
Harold McGee, munyori wezvekudya, akava nemukana wekuenzanisa dzimwe kokumi-inducing tomato sauce uye cheese yakakangwa mbatatisi machipisi pa2008 Umami Summit muSan Francisco. Akatsanangura chiitiko ichi: "Kunakirwa kwairatidzika kunge kwakakwira uye kwakadzikama, sekunge vhoriyamu yekudzora uye EQ yanga iripo. Vakaita sevanonamatira pamuromo wangu - ndakazvinzwa - uye vakagara nguva refu vasati vanyangarika.