Pale grebe (Amanita phalloides) mufananidzo uye tsananguro

Amanita phalloides

• Fly agaric green
• Fly agaric white

Munyika dzinotaura Chirungu, Pale grebe yakagamuchira zita rakakurumbira rokuti "death cap" - "death cap", "death cap".

Kutsanangura mavara emhando iyi anosanganisira:

• vhoriyamu chena yakaita sebhegi yakatenderedza pasi pegumbo
• mhete
• mahwendefa machena
• white imprint ye spore powder
• kushaya magrooves paheti

Iyo chivharo chePale Grebe chinowanzo mumimvuri yegirinhi kana yebrown-brown, kunyangwe ruvara rwusiri iyo yakavimbika chiyero chekuziva iyi fungus, sezvo ichisiyana. Dzimwe nguva mavara machena anoramba ari paheti, masara evhavha yakajairika.

Musoro: 4-16 cm mudhayamita, pakutanga inenge yakatenderera kana ovha. Nekukura, inoita convex, yozoita convex yakafara, flat-convex, kuita flat muhowa dzakasakara. Ganda revhavha rakatsetseka, mhanza, rinonamatira mumamiriro ekunze emvura uye rinopenya mumamiriro okunze akaoma. Ruvara runobva pagirinhi rakasvibira kusvika kuolive, yero kusvika kubrownish (zvisingawanzo chena zvimiro zve“albino” zvinowanzokura nemhando dzekepisi dzine mavara). Mumienzaniso yegirinhi- uye yemuorivhi, inooneka zvakajeka rima radial fibers inooneka, muchiedza-ruvara rakachenuruka grebes aya mafiber haanyanyi kutaurwa, mune yebrown-ruvara anogona kunetsa kuona. Pahombodo dzechidiki panogona kunge kune machena shreds, "warts", masara evhavha umo embryo yefungus inokura, yakafanana neyo inozivikanwa inozivikanwa tsvuku fly agaric. Asi muganda rakachenuruka, "warts" idzi dzinowanzopera nezera: dzinodonha kana kuti dzinokukurwa nemvura.

mahwendefa: yemahara kana inenge yemahara. Muchena (dzimwe nguva neine zvishoma greenish tinge). Kazhinji, yakafara.

gumbo: 5-18 cm kureba uye 1-2,5 cm mukobvu. Cylindrical, nechepakati. Zvakawanda kana zvishoma zvakaenzana, kazhinji kutsveta kwakananga kumusoro uye kukura kusvika pahwaro hwakakora. Pamhanza kana kuti yakanyatso pubescent. Muchena kana nemumvuri wemuvara weheti, inogona kuvharwa nemhando yakanaka ye moire. Muchikamu chakatwasuka, dzinde rinotaridzika kuzara kana kuti dzimwe nguva mhango, iine diki yepakati mhango, ine zvinhu zvekufukidzira zvinosanganisira kureba-yakatarisana fibers, ine marara tunnel anoenderana neruvara rwenyama.

mhete: machena, makuru, akasimba, akaderera zvishoma, akafanana nesketi ye ballerina. Kumusoro nediki diki twuma radial, pasi pepamusoro pakanzwika zvishoma. Iyo mhete inowanzogara pahunde kwenguva yakareba, asi dzimwe nguva inorasika.

Volvo: bag-shaped, white, cup-shaped, free, inosungira chigadziko chakakora chegumbo. Kazhinji hwaro hwehunde neVolvo zvakaderera, padanho repasi, uye zvinogona kuvanzwa zvachose nemashizha.

Pulp: kuchena kwese, hakuchinje ruvara kana pakatsemuka, kutemwa kana kukuvadzwa.

Futa: muhowa hudiki, munyoro mushroom, unofadza. Mukare inorondedzerwa seisingafadzi, inotapira.

manakiro: maererano nezvinyorwa, kuravira kweakabikwa akacheneruka toadstool yakanaka zvisingaite. Kunhuwira kwehowa mbishi kunotsanangurwa se "nyoro, howa". Nekuda kwehupfu hwakanyanya hweiyo pale grebe, hapana vazhinji vanoda kuyedza howa, sezvaunonzwisisa. Uye isu tinokurudzira zvakasimba kuti urege kuravira kwakadaro.

spore powder: Chena.

Kunetsana 7-12 x 6-9 microns, yakatsetseka, yakatsetseka, ellipsoid, amyloid.

Basidia 4-spored, isina zvisungo.

Gorosi rakachenuruka rinoita kunge mycorrhiza nemiti inodonha. Chokutanga pane zvose, muoki, linden, birch inoratidzwa, zvishoma kazhinji - maple, hazel.

Inokura muhupamhi-mashizha uye inodonha, yakasanganiswa nemasango ane mashizha. Inoda nzvimbo dzakajeka, diki dzakachena.

The Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary, the Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary uye Encyclopedia of the howa anonhonga zvinoratidza zvose nzvimbo inokura uye masango ane coniferous chete.

Kubva pakutanga kwezhizha kusvika pakati pematsutso, June-October.

Yakagoverwa pakati Nyika Yedu nedzimwe nyika dzine mamiriro ekunze: Belarus, our country, inowanikwa munyika dzeEurope.

Iyo North American Pale Grebe yakafanana neyekare yeEuropean Amanita phalloides, yakaunzwa kuNorth America kondinendi muCalifornia uye New Jersey nharaunda uye iko zvino yave kushingairira kuwedzera huwandu hwayo kuWest Coast neMid-Atlantic.

Howa hunouraya muchetura.

Kunyange chidimbu chiduku chinogona kuuraya.

Hapasati paine data yakavimbika pane iyo dosi inonzi "yatouraya". Kune shanduro dzakasiyana. Saka, mamwe magwaro anoratidza kuti 1 g yehowa yakasvibirira pa 1 kg yehuremu hwehupenyu inokwana chepfu inouraya. Munyori wechinoti ichi anotenda kuti aya data ane tarisiro yakanyanya.

Chokwadi ndechekuti Pale grebe haina imwe, asi yakawanda chepfu. Iyo muchetura yakaparadzaniswa kubva pahuputi hwefungus ndeye polypeptides. Mapoka matatu ehupfu akaonekwa: amatoxins (amanitin α, β, γ), phalloidins uye phallolysins.

Amatoxins inokonzera kukanganisa kwenhengo. Nhamba inouraya ye amatoxin i 0,1–0,3 mg/kg yehuremu hwemuviri; kushandiswa kwehowa imwe chete kunogona kuuraya (40 g yehowa ine 5-15 mg ye amanitin α).

Phallotoxins akanyanya alkaloids, anowanikwa chete mugumbo reakacheneruka grebe uye inonhuwa nhunzi agaric. Iyi chepfu inokonzera kushanda uye kuparara kwemaitiro egastric uye intestinal mucosa mukati maawa 6-8, izvo zvinonyanya kukurumidza kutorwa kwematoxins.

Kunyengera kwePale grebe ndeyekuti zviratidzo zvechepfu hazvioneki pakarepo, asi mushure me6-12, uye dzimwe nguva maawa 30-40 mushure mekudya howa, apo chepfu dzakatobata chiropa chinotyisa, itsvo uye zvose. nhengo dzomukati.

Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvePale Toadstool poisoning zvinoonekwa kana chepfu ichipinda muuropi:

• Nausea
• indomitable kurutsa
• kamwe-kamwe kurwadziwa kunorwadza mudumbu
• kushaya simba
• nokugwinha
• headache
• zvakashata
• gare gare manyoka anowedzerwa, kazhinji neropa

Apo zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinoonekwa, pakarepo fonera ambulance.

Pale grebe ihowa hunoonekwa zviri nyore kune anonhonga howa akateerera. Asi pane akati wandei mapoinzi apo zvikanganiso zvinouraya zvinogona kuitika:

• howa hudiki, "hwakachechenywa" kubva muzai, dzinde ipfupi, mhete haioneki zvachose: mune iyi nyaya, iyo Pale grebe inogona kukanganisa kune mamwe marudzi ekuyangarara.
• howa dzanyanya kuchembera, mhete yadonha, mune iyi nyaya, iyo Pale grebe inogonawo kukanganisa kune mamwe marudzi ekuyangarara.
• howa dzanyanya kuchembera, mhete yadonha, uye Volvo yakavanzwa mumashizha, mune iyo nyaya iyo Pale grebe inogona kukanganisa kune mamwe marudzi erussula kana mitsara.
• howa hunokura hwakasanganiswa nemhando inodyika inozivikanwa neanonhonga howa, iwowo anoyangarara, russula kana shampignons, panguva iyi, mukupisa kwegoho, unogona kurasikirwa nekusvinurira kwako.
• howa dzakachekwa nebanga zvakanyanyisa, pasi peheti chaiyo

Mazano ari nyore:

• tarisa fungus yega yega inogona kuita senge grebe rakachenuruka kune ese maitiro ezviratidzo
• usambonhonga munhu akachekwa worasa howa kepisi dzine ndiro jena
• kana misa ichiunganidza green russula, mwenje inoyangarara uye madiki machampignon, nyatso tarisa howa imwe neimwe
• kana wanhonga howa “hunofungidzirwa” uye unofungidzirwa kuti Pale grebe mahuri, geza maoko ako zvakanaka musango imomo.

Kana iyo Pale Grebe ikakura padyo nehumwe howa hunodyiwa, zvinoita here kuunganidza nekudya howa uhu?

Munhu wese anozvisarudzira mubvunzo uyu. Ndiyo mhando yehuchi agaric yandisingatore.

Ichokwadi here kuti muPale Grebe, kwete nyama chete ine chepfu, asiwo spores?

Hongu ichokwadi. Zvinotendwa kuti zvose spores uye mycelium zvine chepfu. Saka, kana uine zvienzaniso zveganda rakachenuruka mudengu rako pamwe chete nehumwe howa, funga: zvakakosha here kuedza kugeza howa? Pamwe zvakachengeteka kungozvirasa?

Vhidhiyo nezve mushroom Pale grebe:

Mifananidzo kubva kumibvunzo mukuzivikanwa inoshandiswa muchinyorwa uye mugalari yechinyorwa.