Mukati
Iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa nezvePareto Mutemo kana iyo 20/80 Nheyo. Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu uye nyanzvi yezvehupfumi yeItaly Vilfredo Pareto akawana kuti kugovaniswa kwehupfumi munharaunda hakuna kuenzana uye kunoenderana nekumwe kutsamira: nekuwedzera kwehupfumi, huwandu hwevanhu vakapfuma hunoderera zvakanyanya neanogara ari coefficient. pakati pedzimba dzeItaly, 80% yemari yaive mu20% yemhuri). Gare gare, pfungwa iyi yakagadzirwa mubhuku rake naRichard Koch, uyo akakurudzira kuumbwa kwepasi rose "Simboti 20/80" (20% yekuedza inopa 80% yemugumisiro). Mukuita, mutemo uyu hauwanzo kuratidzwa munhamba dzakanaka kudaro (verenga "Muswe Wakareba" naChris Anderson), asi unoratidza zvakajeka kugoverwa kusina kuenzana kwezviwanikwa, purofiti, mari, nezvimwe.
Mukuongorora bhizinesi, chati yePareto inowanzovakwa kumiririra kusaenzana uku. Inogona kushandiswa kuratidza kuratidza, semuenzaniso, izvo zvigadzirwa kana vatengi vanounza purofiti yakanyanya. Zvinowanzoita seizvi:
Zvimiro zvayo zvikuru:
- Imwe neimwe column yebhuruu yehistogram inomiririra purofiti yechigadzirwa mumayuniti akakwana uye yakarongwa parutivi rwekuruboshwe.
- Girafu yeorenji inomiririra kuunganidzwa kwezvikamu zvepurofiti (kureva mugove wepurofiti pakuwedzera).
- Pamuganhu we80%, chikumbaridzo chehorizontal line chinowanzoitwa kuti chijekeswe. Midziyo yese kuruboshwe rwenzvimbo yemharadzano yemutsetse uyu ine girafu yepurofiti yakaunganidzwa inotiunzira 80% yemari, zvinhu zvese kurudyi - iyo yasara makumi maviri%.
Ngationei mavakirwo ePareto chati muMicrosoft Excel uri wega.
Sarudzo 1. Yakareruka Pareto chati yakavakirwa pane yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa data
Kana iyo sosi data yakauya kwauri muchimiro chetafura yakafanana (kureva kuti, yatove mufomu yapera):
... tobva taita zvinotevera.
Ronga tafura mukudzika kurongeka kwepurofiti (tab Data – Kuronga) uye wedzera koramu ine fomula yekuverenga iyo yakaunganidzwa muzana yepurofiti:
Iyi fomula inogovanisa purofiti yakaunganidzwa kubva pakutanga kwechinyorwa kusvika kune chazvino chinhu nemhindu yakazara yetafura yese. Isu tinowedzerawo koramu ine chiyero che80% kugadzira yakatwasuka chikumbaridzo chakadhindwa mutsetse mune ramangwana chati:
Isu tinosarudza data rese uye tinovaka yenguva dzose histogram pane tebhu Isa - Histogram (Isa - Column Chati). Inofanira kutaridzika seizvi:
Iwo muzana akateedzana muchati chabuda anofanira kutumirwa neakisi yechipiri (kurudyi). Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kusarudza mitsara negonzo, asi izvi zvinogona kuoma, nekuti zvakaoma kuona zvichipesana nemashure emakoramu makuru epurofiti. Saka zvirinani kushandisa rondedzero yekudonhedza pasi pane tab kuratidza Maitiro or urongwa:
Wobva wadzvanya-kurudyi pamutsara wakasarudzwa uye sarudza murairo Format Data Series uye pahwindo rinoonekwa, sarudza sarudzo Pane yechipiri axis (Secondary Axis). Nekuda kweizvozvo, dhizaini yedu ichaita seizvi:
Kune akatevedzana Yakaunganidzwa Profit Govera uye Threshold, unofanirwa kushandura mhando yechati kubva kumakoramu kuenda kumitsara. Kuti uite izvi, tinya pane imwe neimwe yemitsara iyi uye sarudza murairo Shandura Series Chart Type.
Chasara kusarudza iyo Threshold yakatwasuka mutsara woifomatidza kuti iite senge mutsara wekucheka kwete data (kureva, bvisa mamaki, ita kuti mutsara utsve, nezvimwewo). Zvese izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekudzvanya-kurudyi pamutsetse uye nekusarudza murairo Format Data Series. Iye zvino dhizaini richatora chimiro chayo chekupedzisira:
Maererano nazvo, tinogona kugumisa kuti 80% yepurofiti inounzwa nezvinhu zvishanu zvekutanga, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvese kurudyi kweakaunti yembatatisi chete 5% yepurofiti.
MuExcel 2013, unogona kuzviita zviri nyore - shandisa iyo nyowani yakavakirwa-mukati combo chati mhando nekukurumidza paunenge uchironga:
Sarudzo yechipiri: PivotTable uye Pivot Pareto Chati
Chii chaunofanira kuita kana pasina dhiyabhorosi yakagadzirwa-yakagadzirirwa yekuvaka, asi chete ruzivo rwekutanga runyoro? Ngatifungei kuti pakutanga tine tafura ine data yekutengesa seizvi:
Kuti uvake chati yePareto pairi uye uone kuti ndezvipi zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa zvakanyanya, iwe unofanirwa kutanga waongorora iyo sosi data. Nzira iri nyore yekuita izvi ndeye pivot tafura. Sarudza chero sero mune tafura yezvinyorwa uye shandisa rairo Isa – Pivot Tafura (Isa – Pivot Tafura). Muhwindo repakati rinoonekwa, usachinja chero chinhu uye tinya OK, zvino mupanera inoonekwa kurudyi, dhonza iyo dhata data minda kubva kumusoro kusvika kuzasi nzvimbo dzekurongeka kweramangwana pivot tafura:
Mhedzisiro yacho inofanira kunge iri tafura yepfupiso ine mari yese yechigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe:
Ronga uchidzika nehurongwa hwemari nekuseta sero rinoshanda kune column Mari mundima yeRevenue uye kushandisa bhatani rekuronga От Я до А (Kubva Z kusvika A) Tab Data.
Iye zvino isu tinofanirwa kuwedzera koramu yakaverengerwa ine yaunga yawana mhindu. Kuti uite izvi, dhonza munda zvakare Revenue kunzvimbo Values mupanerudyi kuti utore duplicate column mu pivot. Wobva wadzvanya-kurudyi pane yakavharwa column uye sarudza command Kuwedzera kuverenga - % yehuwandu hwekumhanya mumunda (Ratidza Dhata Se -% Running Total In). Muhwindo rinoonekwa, sarudza munda zita, iyo chikamu chemari chichaunganidza kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi. Kubuda kunofanirwa kutaridzika setafura iyi:
Sezvauri kuona, iyi ingangoita tafura yakagadzirwa kubva pachikamu chekutanga chechinyorwa. Inongoshaya mufaro wakakwana mbiru ine kukosha kwechikumbaridzo che80% yekuvaka mutsara wekucheka-cheka mudhiyamu remangwana. Koramu yakadaro inogona kuwedzerwa nyore nyore uchishandisa ndima yakaverengerwa. Simbisa chero nhamba muchidimbu wobva wadzvanya pane tab Imba - Isa - Yakaverengerwa Munda (Kumba - Isa - Yakaverengerwa Munda). Muhwindo rinovhura, pinda zita remunda uye fomula yaro (munyaya yedu, inogara):
Mushure mekunge mavharidza OK chikamu chechitatu chichawedzerwa patafura ine kukosha kwe80% mumasero ose, uye pakupedzisira inotora fomu inodiwa. Zvadaro unogona kushandisa murairo Pivot Chati (Pivot Chati) Tab Parameters (Sarudzo) or ongororo (Ongororo) uye isa chati nenzira chaiyo seyekutanga sarudzo:
Kuratidzira zvakakosha zvigadzirwa
Kuratidza zvinonyanya kupesvedzera zvinhu, kureva makoramu ari kuruboshwe kwenzvimbo yemharadzano yeorenji yakaunganidzwa mhindu curve ine yakachinjika cutoff mutsara we80% inogona kuratidzwa. Kuti uite izvi, iwe uchafanirwa kuwedzera imwe koramu patafura ine formula:
Iyi fomula inoburitsa 1 kana chigadzirwa chiri kuruboshwe rwemharadzano poindi uye 0 kana iri kurudyi. Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kuita zvinotevera:
- Isu tinowedzera koramu nyowani kuchati - nzira iri nyore yekuita izvi ndeyekutevedzera zviri nyore, kureva kuti ratidza koramu backlight, kopira (Ctrl + C), sarudza dhayagiramu woisa (Ctrl + V).
- Sarudza mutsara wakawedzerwa uye uchinje pamwe chete neaxis yechipiri, sezvatsanangurwa pamusoro apa.
- Series Chart Type backlight chinja kune makoramu (histogram).
- Isu tinobvisa kubvumidzwa kweparutivi muzvinhu zvemutsara (tinya-kurudyi pamutsara Kuvheneka – Row Format – Side Gap) kuitira kuti makoramu abatanidzwe kuita imwechete.
- Isu tinobvisa miganhu yembiru, uye tinoita kuti kuzadza kuwedzere.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, tinowana yakanakisa kukwidziridzwa kweakanakisa zvigadzirwa:
PS
Kutanga neExcel 2016, iyo Pareto chati yakawedzerwa kune yakajairwa seti yeExcel machati. Iye zvino, kuti uzvivake, ingosarudza huwandu uye pane tab Insert (Isa) sarudza rudzi rwakakodzera:
Kudzvanya kamwe - uye dhizaini ragadzirira:
- Maitiro ekugadzira report uchishandisa pivot tafura
- Gadzira maverengero muPivotTables
- Chii Chitsva mumaChati muExcel 2013
- Wikipedia chinyorwa pamusoro pemutemo waPareto