Pasi peiyi pfungwa inokodzera kirasi yakakosha yemasikirwo edu ekutanga. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuzvidzivirira kwemuviri, magariro uye pamweya.
Kunetseka nezvemunhu wenyama. Zvese zvinobatika-reflex zviito uye kufamba kwekudya uye kudzivirira zvinoumba zviito zvekuchengetedza muviri. Nenzira imwecheteyo, kutya uye kutsamwa kunokonzera kufamba kune chinangwa. Kana nekuzvitarisira isu tikabvuma kunzwisisa kufanoona kweramangwana, kusiyana nekuzvichengetedza panguva ino, saka tinogona kutaura kutsamwa uye kutya kune hunhu hunotikurudzira kuvhima, kutsvaga chikafu, kuvaka dzimba dzekugara, kugadzira maturusi anobatsira. uye chengetedza miviri yedu. Zvisinei, masikirwo ekupedzisira ane chokuita nemanzwiro erudo, rudo rwevabereki, chido chekuziva uye kukwikwidzana kunowedzera kwete chete kukura kweunhu hwedu hwemuviri, asi kuzvinhu zvedu zvose "Ini" mupfungwa yezwi.
Kuitira hanya kwedu hunhu hwenzanga kunozviratidza kwakananga mukunzwa kworudo noushamwari, muchishuvo chokukwevera ngwariro kwatiri timene uye kumutsa mune vamwe kushamiswa, mukunzwa godo, chishuvo chemakwikwi, nyota yomukurumbira, pesvedzero nesimba. ; zvisina kunanga, zvinoratidzirwa muvavariro dzose nokuda kwokufunganya kwokunyama pamusoro pako, sezvo iyo yekupedzisira inogona kushanda senzira yokuitwa kwezvinangwa zvenzanga. Kuri nyore kuona kuti zvishuvo zvapakarepo zvokuitira hanya hunhu hwomunhu hwenzanga zvinoderedzwa kuva mirangariro yakapfava. Ihwo humiro hwechishuvo chekukwezva kutarisa kwevamwe kuti kusimba kwayo hakubvi pane zvishoma pakukosha kwekukosha kwezvakanaka zvemunhu uyu, kukosha kwaizoratidzwa mune chero chinobatika kana chinonzwisisika chimiro.
Taneta kuti tigamuchire kokero kuimba ine chaunga chikuru, kuti pakududzwa kwomumwe wavaenzi vataona, tinogona kuti: “Ndinomuziva zvikuru!” - uye kukotamira mumugwagwa neinenge hafu yevanhu vamunosangana navo. Chokwadi, zvinonyanya kutifadza kuva neshamwari dzinozivikanwa pachinzvimbo kana kuti dzakakodzera, uye dzinokonzera kunamata kwechido mune vamwe. Thackeray, mune rimwe remabhuku ake, anokumbira vaverengi kuti vareurure pachena kana zvingave zvinonakidza kuti mumwe nemumwe wavo afambe achidzika Pall Mall aine machinda maviri pasi peruoko rwake. Asi, tisina vatongi mudenderedzwa revanozivana uye tisinganzwi ruzha rwemazwi ane shanje, isu hatipotsa kunyange mashoma akakosha kesi kukwezva kutarisa. Kune vanoda chaizvo kushambadza mazita avo mumapepanhau — havanei nebepanhau ueku zita ravo richapinda, vangave vari muchikamu chevanosvika nekubva, vazivise vega, mabvunzurudzo kana makuhwa emudhorobha; nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvakanakisa, ivo havanetse kupinda munhoroondo yezvinonyadzisa. Guiteau, mhondi yeMutungamiri Garfield, muenzaniso wepathological wechishuwo chakanyanya chekuzivisa. Guiteau's horizon yepfungwa haina kubva mupepanhau. Mumunamato wekufa weichi chinosuruvarisa chimwe chekutaura kwechokwadi kwakange kuri kunotevera: "Mutori wenhau wepanzvimbo ino ane basa kwaMuri Ishe."
Kwete vanhu chete, asi nzvimbo uye zvinhu zvinozivikanwa kwandiri, mune imwe pfungwa yedimikira, kuwedzera kushamwaridzana kwangu. "Ga me connait" (inondiziva) - akadaro mumwe mushandi wechiFrench, achinongedza chiridzwa chaakanyatsogona. Vanhu vane maonero atisingakoshesi zvachose, panguva imwe chete vanhu vatisingazvidzi. Hapana murume mukuru, kwete mukadzi mumwechete, anosarudza mune zvese, haazomboramba kutariswa kweasina basa, ane hunhu hwavanozvidza kubva pasi pemoyo yavo.
MuUEIK "Kuchengeta Munhu Wemweya" inofanira kusanganisira kuzara kwechido chekufambira mberi kwemweya - pfungwa, tsika uye zvemweya mupfungwa yakamanikana yezwi. Zvisinei, kunofanira kubvumwa kuti kunonzi itiro hanya pamusoro pohunhu hwomudzimu hwomunhu hunomirira, muiyi pfungwa nhete yeshoko, itiro hanya bedzi nokuda kwezvinhu zvokunyama nenzanga muupenyu hwapashure porufu. Muchishuvo chemuMohammed chekuenda kudenga kana muchishuwo chemuKristu kuti atize kurwadziswa kwegehena, kuva kwenyama yemabhenefiti anodiwa kunozviratidza. Kubva pane imwe pfungwa yakanaka uye yakanatswa yehupenyu hweramangwana, zvakawanda zvezvibatsiro zvaro (kusangana nehama dzakaenda nevatsvene uye kuvapo-pamwe kweVamwari) zvinongori zvikomborero zvemagariro epamusoro-soro. Chete chido chokudzikinura hunhu hwemukati (hwechivi) hwemweya, kuwana kuchena kwayo kusina chivi mune ino kana yeramangwana hupenyu hunogona kunzi hune hanya nezvehunhu hwedu hwemweya muchimiro chayo chakachena.
Ongororo yedu yekunze yakakura yechokwadi chakaonekwa uye hupenyu hwemunhu hunenge husina kukwana kana tisina kujekesa nyaya yekukwikwidzana uye kunetsana pakati pemativi ake ega. Chimiro chenyama chinomisa sarudzo yedu kune chimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda zvinoonekwa kwatiri uye zvinoshuva isu, chokwadi chimwechete chinoonekwa mundima iyi yezviitiko. Kudai kwakanga kuchibvira, ipapoka, chokwadika, hapana nomumwe wedu aizoramba pakarepo kuva munhu akanaka, ane utano, akapfeka zvakanaka, murume mukuru akasimba, mupfumi ane mirioni yamadhora muhoro wegore negore, hwiru, bhoni. vivant, mukundi wemoyo yevakadzi uye panguva imwechete muzivi. , philanthropist, stateman, mutungamiri wemauto, African explorer, mudetembi ane mafashoni uye murume mutsvene. Asi izvi hazvigoneki zvachose. Zvinoitwa nemirionea hazvienderane nezvinodiwa nemutsvene; philanthropist uye bon vivant pfungwa dzisingaenderani; mweya wemuzivi hauenderani nemweya wemoyo uri mugoko remuviri mumwe.
Nechekunze, mavara akasiyana akadaro anoita seanonyatsoenderana mumunhu mumwe. Asi zvakakosha kukudziridza chimwe chezvimiro zvehunhu, kuitira kuti chibve chanyura vamwe. Munhu anofanira kunyatsoongorora zvakasiyana-siyana zveunhu hwake kuitira kuti atsvake ruponeso mukukudziridzwa kwechikamu chakadzika, chakasimba che "I" yake. Zvimwe zvese zve "Ini" yedu ndezvekunyepedzera, chimwe chete chazvo chine hwaro hwechokwadi muhunhu hwedu, uye nekudaro kukura kwayo kunosimbiswa. Kukundikana mukukudziridzika kwerutivi urwu rwehunhu kukundikana chaiko kunokonzera kunyadziswa, uye kubudirira kubudirira chaiko kunotiunzira mufaro wechokwadi. Chokwadi ichi muenzaniso wakanakisa wekuedza kwepfungwa kwesarudzo kwandakanongedza zvakanyanya pamusoro. Tisati taita sarudzo, pfungwa dzedu dzinotenderera pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana; muchiitiko ichi, inosarudza chimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda zveunhu hwedu kana hunhu hwedu, mushure mezvo hatizonyara, takundikana mune chimwe chinhu chisinganei nechokuita neiyo pfuma yehunhu hwedu iyo yakanangisa pfungwa dzedu chete pachezvacho.
Izvi zvinotsanangura nyaya inokatyamadza yemurume akanyara kusvika pakufa nekuti akange asiri wekutanga, asi wechipiri wetsiva kana mukwasvi munyika. Kuti anogona kukunda chero munhu ari munyika, kunze kwemumwe chete, hazvireve chinhu kwaari: kusvika akunda wekutanga mumakwikwi, hapana chinoverengerwa naye. Haapo pakuona kwake. Murume asina simba, uyo munhu upi noupi anogona kurova, haatsamwi nemhaka youtera hwake hwomuviri, nokuti iye akarega kwenguva refu nhamburiko dzose dzokukudziridza rutivi urwu rwounhu. Pasina kuedza hapangavi nekukundikana, pasina kukundikana hapangavi nenyadzi. Nokudaro, kugutsikana kwedu isu timene muupenyu kunosarudzwa chose chose nebasa ratinozvitsaurira kwariri. Kuzviremekedza kunotarwa nereshiyo yekwaniso yedu chaiyo kune vanogona, vanofungidzirwa - chidimbu umo nhamba inoratidza kubudirira kwedu chaiko, uye dhinomineta zvatinotaura:
~C ~ Kuzviremekedza = Kubudirira / Kukumbira
Sezvo nhamba inowedzera kana kuti denominator ichiderera, chikamu chinozowedzera. Kurambwa kwezvichemo kunotipa zororo rakafanana rekugamuchirwa sekuzadzika kwazvo mukuita, uye pachagara paine kurambwa kwechikumbiro kana kuodzwa mwoyo kusingaregi, uye kurwira kusingatarisirwe kupera. Muenzaniso wakajeka unobvira waikoku unopiwa nenhau yedzidziso youmwari yeevhangeri, apo tinowana kupwiswa mukutadza, kuora mwoyo musimba romunhu amene, uye kurasikirwa netariro yokuponeswa namabasa akanaka bedzi. Asi mienzaniso yakafanana inogona kuwanikwa muupenyu panhanho imwe neimwe. Munhu anonzwisisa kuti kusakosha kwake mune imwe nzvimbo hakusiyi panikiro kune vamwe, anonzwa kusununguka kunobva pamwoyo kunoshamisa. "Kwete" isingachinjiki, kuramba kwakakwana, kwakasimba kumurume ari murudo kunoratidzika kudzikamisa hasha dzake pakufunga kwekurasikirwa nemunhu anodiwa. Vazhinji vagari vemuBoston, crede experto (vimba uyo akawana) (Ndinotya kuti zvakafanana zvinogona kutaurwa nezvevagari vemamwe maguta), vaigona nemoyo wakareruka kusiya mimhanzi yavo "Ini" kuti vakwanise. kusanganisa seti yemanzwi pasina kunyara nesymphony. Kwakanaka sei dzimwe nguva kurega kunyepedzera kuita sepwere uye mutete! “Ndinoonga Mwari,” tinodaro mumigariro yakadaro, “idzi fungidziro dzapfuura!” Kuwedzera kwese kwe "Ini" yedu imutoro wakawedzerwa uye kudiwa kwekuwedzera. Pane nyaya yemumwe murume akarasikirwa nehupfumi hwake kusvika muzana rekupedzisira muhondo yekupedzisira yeAmerica: ave mupemhi, akaumburuka mumadhaka, asi akavimbisa kuti akange asati ambonzwa kufara uye kusununguka.
Kugara kwedu zvakanaka, ndinodzokorora, kunotsamira pachedu. “Enzanisa zvaunotaura nazero,” anodaro Carlyle, “uye nyika yose ichava patsoka dzako. Murume akachenjera zvikurusa wenguva yedu akanyora nenzira yakarurama kuti upenyu hunotanga bedzi kubva panguva yokurambwa.
Idzo tyisidziro kana kuti kurudziro hazvigoni kutapura munhu kana zvisingatapura imwe yeramangwana rinobvira kana kuti mativi azvino ounhu hwake. Kazhinji kutaura, nekufurira munhu uyu chete tinogona kutora kutonga kwekuda kweumwe munhu. Naizvozvo, kunyanya kukosha kwemadzimambo, vamiriri, uye kazhinji avo vese vari kurwira simba uye pesvedzero kuwana mune yavo "akabatwa" nheyo yakasimba yekuzviremekedza uye kuita pesvedzero pairi chinangwa chavo chekupedzisira. Asi kana munhu akasiya zvinotsamira pakuda kwomumwe, uye akarega kutarira zvose izvi sorutivi rwounhu hwake, ipapo tinova anenge asina simba rose rokumufurira. Mutemo wechiStoic werufaro waive wekuzvifunga isu takanyimwa pamberi pezvese zvisingaenderane nekuda kwedu - ipapo kurova kwekupedzisira kuchave kusanzwa. Epictetus anotipa zano kuita kuti hunhu hwedu husakanganiswa nekupfupisa zvirimo uye, panguva imwe cheteyo, kusimbisa kugadzikana kwayo: “Ndinofanira kufa—zvakanaka, asi ndinofanira kufa ndisina kukundikana ndichinyunyuta pamusoro pezvandichawira here? Ndichataura chokwadi pachena, uye kana mudzvinyiriri akati: “Nemashoko ako wakafanirwa norufu,” ndichamupindura kuti: “Ndakambokuudza here kuti handifi? Uchaita basa rako, neni ndichaita rangu; basa rako ndere kuuraya, ini ndife ndisingatyi; ibasa rako kudzinga, uye rangu kufamba ndisingatyi. Tinoita sei patinofamba rwendo rwemugungwa? Isu tinosarudza helmsman nevafambisi vezvikepe, vakaisa nguva yekusimuka. Tiri munzira, dutu remhepo rinotiwira. Chii, ipapoka, chinofanira kuva itiro hanya yedu? Basa redu rakatoitwa. Mamwe mabasa ane mutyairi. Asi ngarava iri kunyura. Tinofanira kuitei? Chinhu chimwe chete chinogoneka kumirira rufu usingatyi, usingachemi, usinganyunyuti kuna Mwari, uchiziva kwazvo kuti munhu wose anozvarwa anofanira kufa rimwe zuva.
Munguva yaro, panzvimbo yayo, maonero echiStoic aya angave anobatsira uye ane ushingi, asi zvinofanira kubvumwa kuti zvinogoneka chete nekugara kwemweya kukudziridza maitiro akamanikana uye asinganzwisisi hunhu. The Stoic inoshanda nekuzvidzora. Kana ndiri muStoiki, zvinhu zvandanga ndazviwanira hazvichivi zvangu; uye ndine tsika mandiri kuramba mutengo wechinhu chipi nechipi. Iyi nzira yokuzvitsigira nayo nokuramba, kuramba zvinhu, yakajairika pakati pevanhu vasingagoni kunzi vaStoiki mune zvimwe zvinhu. Vese vanhu vakamanikana vanodzikamisa hunhu hwavo, voparadzana nahwo zvese zvavasina kusimba. Vanotarisa nokuzvidza kunotonhora (kana kusiri noruvengo chairwo) kuvanhu vakasiyana navo kana kuti vasingatani kufurirwa navo, kunyange kana vanhu ava vaine unhu hukuru. “Ani naani asiri wangu haapo nokuda kwangu, ndiko kuti, kana zvichibvira kwandiri, ndinoedza kuita sokunge kuti akanga asipo nokuda kwangu zvachose,” neiyi nzira kusimba nouchokwadi hwemiganhu yetsika. hunhu hunogona kubhadhara kushomeka kwezviri mukati.
Vanhu vanowedzera vanoita zvakapesana: nekuwedzera hunhu hwavo uye kusuma vamwe kwazviri. Miganhu yehunhu hwavo kazhinji kazhinji isingaperi, asi kupfuma kwezviri mukati mayo kunopfuura kuvapa mubayiro weizvi. Nihil hunnanum a me alienum puto (hapana chinhu chemunhu chisingazivikanwi kwandiri). “Ngavashore kuzvininipisa kwangu, ngavandibate sembwa; chero mweya uchiri mumuviri wangu, handingaurasi. Ndizvo chaizvo sezvandinoita. Zvese zvakanaka mavari ngazvive zvinhu zvehunhu hwangu. Rupo rweaya masikirwo akakura dzimwe nguva anobata zvechokwadi. Vanhu vakadai vanokwanisa kuona manzwiro akajeka ekuyemura pamufungo wekuti, kunyangwe kurwara kwavo, chitarisiko chisingafadzi, mararamiro asina kunaka, kunyangwe nekuregeredzwa kwavo, ivo vachiri kuita chikamu chisingaparadzanise chenyika yevanhu vane simba, vane simba. kugoverana noushamwari musimba ramabhiza anodhonzera, mumufaro woupwere, muuchenjeri hwavakachenjera, uye havabviswi imwe mugove mukushandiswa kwepfuma yaVanderbilts uye kunyange Hohenzollerns ivo vamene.
Nokudaro, dzimwe nguva kuderedza, dzimwe nguva kuwedzera, simba redu re "I" rinoedza kuzvisimbisa kunze kwenyika. Uyo anogona kudanidzira naMarcus Aurelius kuti: “Haiwa, Zvakasikwa! Zvese zvaunoda, ini ndinoshuvawo! ”, ine hunhu hunobva kune zvese izvo zvinogumira, kupfupisa zvirimo zvakabviswa kusvika kumutsara wekupedzisira - zviri mukati mehunhu hwakadaro zvinosanganisira zvese.