Hove dzeShamaika (hove dzeumambo): tsananguro, inotaridzika sei, kubata, faindi

Shamayka kana shemaya mumiririri akajeka wemabheseni eAzov uye Black Seas. Ihove iyi inonaka zvinoshamisa, saka kwenguva yakareba yakabatwa muhuwandu hukuru, zvose nevabati vehove nevashanyi.

Kubata kusingadzoreki kwakadaro kwehove iyi kwakaita kuti pakazosvika 2006-2007 nhamba yehove iyi yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya uye zvaive zvisingakwanisi kusangana nayo munzvimbo yayo yekugara. Somugumisiro, shamayka yakanyorwa muRed Book. Pasinei nezviito zvekudzivirira zvemutemo, vanovhima zvisiri pamutemo nevabati vehove veko vachiri kuramba vachiredza hove iyi isingawanzowanikwi uye inonaka.

Sei shamayka yakanzi "hove dzeumambo"?

Ihove ndeyemhuri yemhando dzehove dzecarp, dzine huwandu hwemhando yega yega, iyo inoita kuti zvive nyore kuisiyanisa kubva kuhama dzayo. Kuti unzwisise kuti yakasiyana sei kubva kune vamwe vamiririri vemhuri ye carp, unofanirwa kubhadhara kune mamwe maitiro. Semuyenzaniso:

1. Saizi yevanhu uye uremu hwavo hunoenderana nenzvimbo yekugara: iyo Black Sea shamayka yakakura kana ichienzaniswa neCaspian. Munzvimbo yayo yakasikwa, inogona kukura kusvika masendimita makumi matatu pakureba uye inorema kusvika 30 gramu. Sezvo mutemo, vanhu vanosangana nehuremu husingasviki 900 gramu. Vanhu vakuru vanototorwa semikombe.
2. Muviri we shamayka unosiyaniswa neyakarebesa, yakareba chimiro, iyo isiri yechinyakare kumhuri yemhando dzehove dzecarp. Yakafukidzwa nezviyero zvidiki zvine tint yesirivha.
3. Rushaya rwezasi rwakati kukora uye kusundidzirwa mberi, izvo zvinoratidza misiyano yakakomba pakati pevamiriri vemhuri yecyprinids.
4. Musoro, panguva imwechete, maererano nemuviri mudiki muhukuru uye wakapendwa murima, uine hunhu bluish tint, ruvara.
5. Kumashure kweshamayka kune ruvara rwegrey, uye dumbu rayo rakanyanya kujeka, rine ruvara rwesirivha.
6. Zvimbi zvehove iyi zvine grey. Pamusana nepamusana pane kamuganhu, kakapendwa nechitema.
7. Maziso e shamayka ane ruvara rwe silvery, uye muchikamu chavo chepamusoro pane hunhu dema dot.

Habitat

Nzvimbo dzinowanikwa shamayka dzinogona kunyorwa paminwe.

Ichokwadi kusangana naye:

• Munzizi dzinoyerera dzichipinda muBlack, Azov kana Caspian Seas. Mune mamwe mazwi, Shamayka mumiriri ane mukurumbira weBlack and Caspian Sea mabheseni. Panguva imwecheteyo, haina kukwira kumusoro kunopesana nezvino, asi inofarira kuva pedyo pedyo nemakungwa egungwa.
• MuGungwa reAral, umo vanhu vakawanda ve shamayka vanogara.
• Mumhenderekedzo yegungwa yeCaspian neAzov Seas.
• Kuban, kwainopinda yakananga muGungwa reuXNUMXbuXNUMXbAzov, uye rudzi urwu runowanikwawo mumvura dzeDon.
• Pamuromo weTerek neKura nzizi.
• MuGungwa Dzvuku, kunyange zvazvo nhamba yevanhu pano iri shoma. Kubva kuGungwa Dzvuku, shamayka inofamba nyore nyore kuenda kunzizi Dnieper neDniester, uko kunokwanisikawo kusangana nehove iyi yakasiyana.
• Mukati menzvimbo dzedzimwe nyika dzeEurope, vanhu vashoma kwazvo vanowanikwa. Sezvo mutemo, aya ndiwo Rwizi rweDanube uye mamwe madhamu eBavaria.

Mararamiro: kudya uye kubereka

Maitiro e shamayka zvakananga anoenderana nenzvimbo yekugara, iyo inokonzerwa nenzvimbo mbiri uye kuwanikwa kwekudya. Semuyenzaniso:

• Panharaunda yeRussia, inenge isingabvi mumvura yegungwa. Anoasiya chete panguva yekubereka, uyezve, haasimuke zvakanyanya kupikisa ikozvino.
• Shamayka, anogara mumadziva eBavaria, anofarira kuva pedyo nemadziva anosiyaniswa nemvura yakachena uye anoratidzwa nematombo epasi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti hove iyi inofarira kugara mumadziva ane mvura yakachena yakafumiswa neokisijeni.
• Vanenge vanhu vese ve shamayka vanofarira nzvimbo dzemvura dzinoyerera nekukurumidza. Panyaya iyi, haigoni kuwanikwa munzizi huru dzakadai seVolga. MuDnieper, inowanikwa, asi mune zvishoma. Anonyanya kukodzera nzizi dzakadai seKuban kana Terek. Pano huwandu hwevanhu ve shamayka hwakanyanya.

Shamaika is an omnivore, nyangwe isiri hove hombe, inodya zvakanyanya kupfuura runyararo. Nheyo yekudya kwayo inosanganisira plankton, pamwe chete nemhando dzose dzezvipembenene uye maruva avo, kusanganisira crustaceans. Vatove vanhu vakuru vanokwanisa kuvhima fry. Naizvozvo, vanhu vakuru vanofanira kutorwa sezvikara. Kunyanya kukoshesa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune nzira yekubereka, iyo ine mamwe maitiro. Semuyenzaniso:

• Mushure memakore maviri ehupenyu, shamayka yakatogadzirira kubereka.
• Kuberekesa kunoitika mumvura inodziya, iyo inofamba kubva kumakungwa kuenda kunzizi.
• Kubereka kunoitika usiku chete.
• Nzvimbo dzekuberekesa mapeji, uko kune inokurumidza ikozvino, uye pasi munzvimbo idzi yakafukidzwa nematombo kana matombo.
• Mushure mekubereka, hove dzinotsvedza kunzvimbo dzadzo dzekugara, uye mushure memazuva 3-4 yekutanga fry inooneka.
• Kwegore 1 mushure mekuberekwa, shamayka yechidiki inofarira kugara munzizi. Mushure megore 1, "chinhu chiduku" chinoenda kugungwa, uko kukura kwayo kunowedzera kukurumidza.

Kubata shamiki

Sezvo shamayka yakawanda yehove inodya, saka unoda kusarudza chirauro chakakodzera. Paunenge uchienda kunobata hove, zviri nani kuunganidza pamhando dzinoverengeka dzemachira uye mukuita kusarudza pane inonyanya kubata. Sezvo vanhu vakuru vachifarira chikafu chemhuka, zviri nani kutora mabheti emhuka kuti ubve wacheka vanhu vadiki.

Chaizvoizvo, kana uchibata shamayka, vabati vehove vanoshandisa:

• Motyl.
• Makonye evhu kana makonye.
• Maggot.
• Mhushu.
• Makonye ezvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana.
• Diki crustaceans.

Iyo shamayka haipfuurire chirauro kunyanya uye neimwe chiitiko inobata zvakaenzana kune zvese zviri pamusoro. Vazhinji vanoredza chirauro vakasiyana siyana pane hoko panguva imwe chete. Mhedzisiro iyi inonzi sandwich, iyo inowedzera zvakanyanya kushanda kwekubata hove.

Mukuita izvi, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune zvinotevera zvinhu:

• Kushanda kuruma kwe shamayka kunotanga kubva pakati kana kubva pakupera kwaApril. Panguva imwecheteyo, kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo inovimbisa kunoita basa rinokosha. Vanonyanya kuredza netsvimbo yakayangarara muwaya, kunyangwe kushandiswa kwekuruka kuri kubereka michero.
• Kuti uwedzere kushanda, zviri nani kudyisa nzvimbo yekubata hove. Iyi ndiyo nzira chete yekufarira hove uye kuichengeta panzvimbo yekuredza. Bait inogadzirirwa pahwaro hwemvura kubva mugomba umo kubata hove kunoitwa. Nekugadzirira kwechirauro, chibage grits, keke, chero zviyo kana bran zvakakodzera. Hatifanire kukanganwa nezve chirauro chakatengwa nechitoro, kunyangwe nzira iyi ichizodhura zvishoma.
• Usati watanga kubata hove, unofanirwa kuona kuti hove iri papi. Chaizvoizvo, anosarudza kuva pedyo nechepasi, asi dzimwe nguva anosimuka pedyo nechepamusoro.
• Vanhu vakakura havasimuke vari pedyo ne 1 mita pamusoro pemvura. Kana uchibata trophy samples, iyi ficha inofanirwa kuverengerwa. Asi, shamayka diki, inogona kuwanikwa pamusoro chaipo.
• Nokuda kwekubata hove, mutsara wehove nehupamhi hwe 0,2-0,4 mm, ine chidimbu chiduku, chakakodzera. Kana nzvimbo yekubata hove yakachena, pasina kushamisika pasi pemvura, ipapo leash inogona kusiiwa.
• Hook inosarudzwa kwete kupfuura nhamba yechitanhatu.
• Shamaika inoruma nesimba uye kazhinji, iyo isingagoni asi kufadza muredzi. Kuyangarara, zvisinei, kashoma kunyura zvachose mumvura. Iwe haugone kunonoka kubata hove, zvikasadaro hove dzinogona kunzwa kuramba uye kuramba kuwedzera kuruma. Kuruma kwekutanga kunofanirwa kuperekedzwa nekukochekera.

Mari

Sezvo shamayka yakanyorwa muRed Book, pane zvinorambidzwa uye zvirango zvekuibata. Semuyenzaniso:

1. Kuredza hove, kunyanya kuwanda, kunyanya nekushandisa mambure, kungasanganisira kwete kutonga, asi kurangwa kwemhosva. Panyaya iyi, munhu anofanirwa kutarisira kugamuchira ingave yakamiswa kana nguva chaiyo yekusungwa.
2. Kubata vanhu vega nevagariwo zvavo kunosanganisira kubhadhariswa faindi muhuwandu hwe2 kusvika ku5 zviuru zveRubles. Kuwanda kwefaindi kunoenderana nehuwandu hwehove dzakabatwa. Kana vakadzi varipo mukubata, ipapo faindi chaiyo inogona kaviri. Panguva imwecheteyo, inofanira kurangarirwa kuti zviyero zvefaindi zvinowedzera gore negore.
3. Muchiitiko chekutorwa kwemuenzaniso mumwe chete nevakuru, faindi inogona kubva pa10 kusvika ku15 zviuru zveRubles. Semuenzaniso, muenzaniso unogona kushanda apo mumwe muzvinabhizimisi weKrasnodar akawanikwa aine shamaika uye akaripiswa mari yakawanda kudarika nhamba dzakaratidzwa.

mhedziso

Hove shamayka yakawana zita rekuti "hove dzehumambo" nekuda kwekuti nyama yayo inonaka zvisingaite. Nzira yekubata hove haina kubatanidzwa nematambudziko. Panguva imwecheteyo, munhu anofanira kufunga nezvekuti hove iyi inonaka inenge yaenda nekuda kwekubata hove kusingadzorwi. Naizvozvo, padanho remutemo, zvakasarudzwa kudzikamisa kubata kweShamaika kuti iwedzere huwandu hwayo. Kutyorwa kwemutemo zvechokwadi kuchatungamira mukuiswa kwefaindi, uye mune dzimwe nguva, kutongerwa yejeri chaiyo. Naizvozvo, kana uchienda kunobata hove, unofanirwa kufunga nezve kana hove iyi diki yakakodzera kubhadhara mutengo wakakwira zvakadaro.