shiitake

tsananguro

Iyo inonakidza uye inoporesa shiitake howa yaizivikanwa muChina anopfuura makore zviuru zviviri apfuura. Iyi howa inozivikanwa kwazvo, kwete chete munyika dzeAsia, asi zvakare pasirese, zvinobatsira zveShiitake howa zvinotsanangurwa muzvinyorwa zvakawanda nemabhurocha zvekuti uyu howa wakanyorwa muGuinness Book of Records.

Iyo shiitake howa inofananidzwa mune yayo kurapa zvivakwa, pamwe, kune ginseng. Shiitake howa haina kukuvadza zvachose uye inogona kushandiswa seyakagadzirwa gourmet chigadzirwa, pamwe nemushonga wezvirwere zvese. Hwakasiyana-siyana hunobatsira hwehunhu hwe shiitake howa zvinoita kuti ishandise iyi howa seprophylactic mumiriri iyo inowedzera nguva yehudiki uye hutano.

Mune chimiro uye kuravira, shiitake howa yakafanana zvikuru nedhowa howa, chete kapu ine brownish. Shiitake howa ndeye gourmet howa - ivo vane inonaka inonaka inonaka uye inodyiwa zvachose. Shiitake howa kuumbwa.

Maumbirwo uye macalorie zvemukati

Shiitake ine 18 amino acids, B mavitamini - kunyanya yakawanda yeiamine, riboflavin, niacin. Shiitake howa hune hwakawanda hwevitamini D. Iyo howa ine yakasarudzika, isingawanzo polysaccharide lentinan, iyo isina analogue mukugadzirwa kwemakwenzi.

Lentinan inowedzera kugadzirwa kweiyo enzyme yakasarudzika inonzi perforin, iyo inoparadza masero eatypical uye zvakare inowedzera maseru anouraya necrosis uye mamota. Nekuda kweayo yakasarudzika zvivakwa, shiitake inoshandiswa seanodzivirira varwere vane njodzi yakawedzera yezvirwere zve oncological.

• Mapuroteni 6.91 g
• Mafuta 0.72 g
• Carbohydrate 4.97 g
• Caloric zvemukati 33.25 kcal (139 kJ)

Izvo zvakanakira shiitake howa

Shiitake howa zvinonyatso kurwisa mhedzisiro yekuratidzwa nemwaranzi uye chemotherapy, uye inogona kushandiswa kudzora mhedzisiro yekurapa-kenza kurapwa mune varwere vari muboka iri.

Inobatsira zvivakwa zve shiitake howa.

1. Iyo yakasimba antitumor mhedzisiro yefungi inobatsira muviri wemunhu kudzivisa kukura kweconcological uye benign tumors.
2. Shiitake howa yakasimba kwazvo immunomodulator - inowedzera hutachiona, dziviriro yemuviri.
3. Shiitake howa anobatsira kuvaka antiviral chipingamupinyi mumuviri, inoshanda kudzivirira kuzvidzivirira maitiro.
4. Shiitake howa inorwisa pathogenic microflora mumuviri wemunhu uye inokurudzira kukura kwechinyakare microflora.
5. Shiitake howa inobatsira kudzorera fomu yeropa.
6. Iwo howa pachawo, uye gadziriro kubva kwavari, inoporesa maronda uye kukukurwa kwemudumbu uye ura.
7. Shiitake howa inobvisa "yakaipa" cholesterol kubva muropa, inogadzirisa cholesterol, uye inodzivirira kuumbwa kwecholesterol pamadziro emidziyo yeropa.
8. Shiitake howa inoderedza huwandu hweshuga muropa revanhu, kubatsira kuvandudza mamiriro evarwere vane chirwere cheshuga.
9. Shiitake howa hunogadzirisa metabolism yemuviri, inovandudza maitiro ehukama hwekudya uye kufema kwesero.
10. Shiitake howa inobatsira kuenzanisa carbohydrate metabolism uye kukurudzira uremu, kurapa kufutisa.

Shiitake howa anoshandiswa mukushambadzira: anogona kushandiswa kune chero chirwere, uye semushonga wakazvimiririra, uye sekuwedzera kurapa kukuru kwemushonga wepamutemo.

Mhedzisiro yekucherechedzwa kwesainzi uye kuyedza kwakaitwa kushamisika nekufungidzira: zvinodzivirira zvirwere zvemwoyo nemidziyo yeropa zvatove padanho rechirwere, uye zvinoshandiswa kurapa zvese atherosclerosis uye neBP.

Kushandiswa kwemazuva ese kwemapfumbamwe magiramu e shiitake upfu kwemwedzi mumwe kunodzikisa huwandu hwecholesterol muropa revakweguru ne15%, muropa revadiki ne25%.

Shiitake inoshanda kuArthritis, chirwere cheshuga mellitus (inomutsa kugadzirwa kwecholesterol nepancreas yemurwere). Ichishandiswa nevarwere vane multiple sclerosis, shiitake howa inobatsira kugadzirisa hutachiona, kubvisa kusingaperi kushushikana, uye kudzorera yakanganisa myelin fibers.

Iyo zinc iri mushiitake howa ine mhedzisiro pane potency, inosimudzira mashandiro eprostate gland, uye inodzivirira kuumbwa kweadenoma uye yakaipa malonda eprostate.

Maindasitiri, kana akasimba, kurimwa kweshiitake

Iyo nguva yekurimwa kweshiitake nekushandisa kwekupisa kurapwa kweiyo substrate pane sawdust kana zvimwe zvakasununguka-zvinoyerera pasi zvigadzirwa zvemiti ipfupi pane iyo nguva yekurimwa kwechisikigo. Iyi tekinoroji inodaidzwa kuti yakasimba, uye, sekutonga, kubereka kunoitika gore-rese mumakamuri ane hunyanzvi.

Iyo huru inoumbwa nema substrates ekukura shiitake, iyo inotora kubva pa60 kusvika ku90% yehuremu hwese, ndeye oak, maple kana beech sawdust, iyo yakasara ndeyakasiyana ekuwedzera. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa sawdust yealder, birch, willow, poplar, aspen, nezvimwe. Chete chete savhosi yemarudzi eeconiferous haina kukodzera, sezvo iine resin uye phenolic zvinhu zvinodzivisa kukura kwemycelium. Iyo yakanakisa zvidimbu saizi ndeye 2-3 mm.

Madiki sawdust inodzivirira kwazvo gasi kuchinjisa muiyo substrate, iyo inoderedza kukura kwefungus. Sawdust inogona kusanganiswa nehuni matanda kugadzira yakasununguka, ine mhepo mamiriro. Nekudaro, izvo zvakawandisa zvemukati mehutano uye kuwanikwa kweoksijeni muzvikamu zvinogadzira mamiriro akanaka kune zvipenyu zvinokwikwidza neshiitake.

Makwikwi anokwikwidza anowanzo kukura nekukurumidza zvakanyanya kupfuura shiitake mycelium, saka iyo substrate inofanirwa kuvezwa kana kuiswa pasteurized. Iko kusanganiswa kwakatonhora mushure mekurapa kwekupisa kunogadzirwa (kudyarwa) nembeu mycelium. Iyo substrate mabhuroko akakurisa ne mycelium.

Iyo mycelium inokura inodziya kwemwedzi 1.5-2.5, uyezve inosunungurwa kubva mufirimu kana kubviswa mumudziyo ndokuendeswa kune fruiting mumakamuri anotonhorera uye ane hunyoro. Kukohwa kubva kumatombo akazaruka kunobviswa mukati memwedzi mitatu kusvika kumatanhatu.

Zvekudya zvinovaka muviri zvinowedzerwa kune substrate yekumhanyisa mycelium kukura uye kuwedzera goho. Mukukwanisa uku, zviyo uye branhoni yezvirimwa zvezviyo (gorosi, bhari, mupunga, mapfunde), hupfu hwezvirimwa zvinokatyamadza, kuraswa kwekugadzirwa kwedoro uye zvimwe zviwanikwa zve organic nitrogen uye makabhohaidhiretsi anoshandiswa.

Nezvokuwedzera zvinovaka muviri, mavhitaminzi, zvicherwa, microelements zvakare inopinda muiyo substrate, iyo inomutsa kwete chete kukura kweiyo mycelium, asiwo kubereka. Kugadzira rakaringana acidity danho uye kugadzirisa chimiro, zvicherwa zvinowedzerwa zvinowedzerwa kune substrate: choko (CaCO3) kana gypsum (CaSO4).

Izvo zvikamu zve substrates zvakasanganiswa zvakanaka neruoko kana nevasanganisi senge yekongiri musanganisi. Ipapo mvura inowedzerwa, ichiunza hunyoro kusvika 55-65%.

Shiitake upfumi zvivakwa

MaJapan anoisa shiitake kutanga kuravira pakati pemamwe howa. Masobho akagadzirwa neshiitake rakaomeswa kana kubva pahupfu hwavo anonyanya kufarirwa muJapan. Uye kunyangwe veEuropean vane yakatarwa, inonhuwa zvishoma shiitake pakutanga, kazhinji havafarire, vanhu vakajaira shiitake vanowana kuravira kwayo kuchikwezva.

Nyowani shiitake ine inonakidza howa hwema pamwe nekushomeka kusanganisa kweiyo radish hwema. Howa, hwakaomeswa pane tembiricha isingasvike pane 60 ° C, inonzwa zvakafanana kana kunyange zvirinani.

Shiitake nyowani inogona kudyiwa isina kubikwa isina kufashaira kana chero kumwe kubika. Munguva yekubika kana yekutsvaira, yakasarudzika, inonaka pungent kuravira uye kunhuhwira kweshiitake mbishi kunowedzera kuita howa.

Makumbo ehwahwa akanyanya kuderera kune makapeti mune kuravira, uye iwo akasimba zvakanyanya kupfuura makapeti.

Zvinhu zvine njodzi zve shiitake

Kudya shiitak howa kunogona kukonzeresa kugadzikana, saka vanhu avo vanowanzo kurwara nemishonga vanofanira kungwarira nezve ichi chigadzirwa. Zvakare, iyo fungus inopesana panguva yekuyamwisa uye nepamuviri nekuda kweiyo yakakwira yezvinhu zvehupenyu.

Shiitake howa inokura kupi?

Shiitake yakajairika saprotrophic fungus inokura chete pamiti yakafa uye yadonha, kubva kuhuni iyo inogamuchira zvese zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa mukukura nekusimudzira.

Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo, shiitake inokura muSoutheast Asia (China, Japan, Korea nedzimwe nyika) pazvimedu uye matanda akatemwa emiti inonamira, kunyanya castanopsis spiky. Panharaunda yeRussia, muPrimorsky Territory uye muFar East, Shiitake howa inokura paMongolian oak uye Amur linden. Inogona zvakare kuwanikwa pane chestnut, birch, maple, poplar, liquidambar, hornbeam, ironwood, mulberry (mulberry muti). Howa hunobuda muchirimo uye hunobereka michero mumapoka mukati mezhizha kusvika mukupedzisira kwematsutso

Inodyiwa lentinula inokura nekukurumidza: zvinotora mazuva masere kusvika matanhatu kubva pakuonekwa kwemapisi madiki-episi kusvika pakuibva zvizere.

Chokwadi chinonakidza nezveShiitake

1. Yekutanga kunyorwa kutaurwa kweJapan howa hwakatangira muna 199 BC.
2. Anopfuura makumi mana ezviuru ekutsvagisa kwakadzama nemabasa akakurumbira uye monographs zvakanyorwa uye zvakaburitswa nezveinodyiwa lentinula, zvichizarura zvese zvakavanzika zvehowa hunonaka uye hune hutano.

Kukura shiitake pamba

Parizvino, howa hwuri kurimwa zvine mutsindo pasirese pasirese. Chii chinonakidza: ivo vakadzidza kukura howa hwechi shiitake nenzira kwayo chete pakati pezana ramakumi maviri, uye kusvika panguva iyoyo vakavezwa nekukwesha kucheka pamatanda akaora nemitumbi yemichero.

Ikozvino lentinula inodyiwa inorimwa pomuouki, chestnut uye maple matanda muchiedza chechisikigo kana pahuni hwehuni mukati. Howa hunokura munzira yekutanga hunogona kunyatso chengetedza hunhu hwekukura musango, uye sawdust inofungidzirwa kuti inowedzera kuravira uye kunhuhwirira, zvisinei, kukuvadza kwekuporesa hunhu hwe shiitake. Kugadzirwa kwepasi pese kweanodyiwa howa pakutanga kwezana XXI century kwatozosvika zviuru mazana masere matani pagore.

Howa zviri nyore kukura munyika kana kumba, ndiko kuti, kunze kwenzvimbo yechisikigo, sezvo ivo vachisarudzika nezve mamiriro ekuvapo kwavo. Kucherekedza mamwe nuances uye kutevedzera zvakasikwa pekugara howa, unogona kuwana mibairo yakanaka mukuvaberekesa kumba. Iyo howa inobereka michero mushe kubva muna Chivabvu kusvika Gumiguru, asi kukura shiitake richiri basa rakaoma.

Kukura tekinoroji pabhawa kana chigutsa

Chinhu chikuru chinodiwa pakurima howa huni. Sezvineiwo, idzi dzinofanira kunge dzakaoma hunde kana kuti hemp yemuouki, chestnut kana beech, yakagurwa mumatanda akareba 35-50 cm. Kana iwe uchifunga kukura shiitake munyika, saka hazvidi kuti uone matinji. Izvo zvinhu zvinofanirwa kukohwiwa zvisati zvaitika, zvirinani pakutanga kwekutanga kwemwaka wechirimo, uye uve nechokwadi chekutora chete huni hune hutano, pasina zviratidzo zvekukuvara neora, moss kana tinder fungus.

Usati waisa iyo mycelium, huni yacho inofanira kuve yakabikwa kwemaminitsi 50-60: kukanganisa kwakadai kuchizadza nemanyoro anodiwa, uye panguva imwechete kuuraya utachiona. Mubhawa rega rega unofanirwa kugadzira maburi ane dhayamita ingangoita 1 sentimita uye nekudzika kwemasendimita mashanu masere, uchiita indent ye 5-7 cm pakati pavo. Shiitake mycelium inofanira kuiswa mavari, ichivhara gomba rega rega nekudyara nehunyoro hwedonje.

Pakudyara, hunyoro hwehuni haufanire kupfuudza 70%, asi panguva imwe chete haifanire kunge iri pasi pe15%. Kuti udzivise kurasikirwa kwehunyoro, unogona kuputira mabhawa / hemp mupurasitiki

Zvinotarisirwa: tarisa kutembiricha irimo kamuri mune yako howa chirimwa: makoloni eJapan howa anoda kuchinja tembiricha (kubva +16 masikati kusvika +10 husiku). Iyi tembiricha inopararira inomutsa kukura kwavo.

Kana shiitake ichifanirwa kurimwa panze munyika, sarudza nzvimbo ine mumvuri, uye bhawa kana chigutsa chisina kuchekwa zvine mycelium zvinofanirwa kuvigwa munenge 2/3 muvhu kuti zvidzivirire kubva pakuoma.

Kukura pahuro kana huswa

Kana zvisingaite kukura uyu howa pahuni, kurima shiitake pabhari kana oat mashanga, kana pahuro yemiti inonamira (conifers zvirokwazvo haibatanidzwe) chingave chakanakisa sarudzo.

Usati wadyara, izvi zvigadzirwa zvinogadziriswa zvinoenderana nesviro yekubika kwehafu nehafu kusvika kumaawa maviri, uye kuwedzera kubereka kwavo hazvizove zvakanyanya kuwedzera bran kana keke remera. Midziyo ine sawdust kana mashanga akazadzwa ne shiitake mycelium uye yakafukidzwa ne polyethylene, ichivimbisa tembiricha ingangoita 18-20 degrees. Pangosvika kumera kweiyo mycelium kwakatemwa, tembiricha inofanirwa kudzikiswa kusvika pamadhigiri gumi nemashanu masikati uye kusvika gumi nemaviri husiku.

Kukura shiitake mumashanga haisi nzira yemidziyo chete. Zadza bhegi rakagadzirwa nemucheka wakakora kana polyethylene gobvu nehuswa hwakanyoroveswa, mushure mekuisa mitsara miviri kana mitatu ye mycelium pakati pezvikamu zvehuswa. Mikana inogadzirwa muhombodo umo howa hunomera. Kana tembiricha yakanakira howa, goho repamusoro rinovimbiswa.